National Academies Press: OpenBook
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1998. Serving Science and Society Into the New Millenium. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6325.
×

Serving Science and Society in the New Millenium: DOE’s Biological and Environmental Research Program

U.S. Department of Energy

National Research Council

NATIONAL ACADEMY PRESS
Washington, D.C. 1998

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1998. Serving Science and Society Into the New Millenium. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6325.
×

NATIONAL ACADEMY PRESS
2101 Constitution Ave. NW Washington, DC 20418

NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard to appropriate balance.

The report was supported by the Department of Energy under cooperative agreement DE-FG02-97ER62422.

International Standard Book Number 0-309-06249-7

Additional copies of this report are available from:
National Academy Press
2101 Constitution Avenue, NW Washington, DC 20418 800-624-6242 202-334-3313 (in the Washington metropolitan area) http://www.nap.edu

Copyright 1998 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.

Printed in the United States of America.

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1998. Serving Science and Society Into the New Millenium. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6325.
×

COMMISSION ON LIFE SCIENCES

THOMAS D. POLLARD (CHAIRMAN),

The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA

FREDERICK R. ANDERSON,

Cadwalader, Wickersham & Taft, Washington, DC

JOHN C. BAILAR III,

University of Chicago, Chicago, IL

PAUL BERG,

Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA

JOANNA BURGER,

Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ

SHARON L. DUNWOODY,

University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI

JOHN L. EMMERSON,

Fishers, IN (Retired)

NEAL L. FIRST,

University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI

URSULA W. GOODENOUGH,

Washington University, St. Louis, MO

HENRY W. HEIKKINEN,

University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, CO

HANS J. KENDE,

Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI

CYNTHIA J. KENYON,

University of California, San Francisco, CA

DAVID M. LIVINGSTON,

Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA

THOMAS E. LOVEJOY,

Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC

DONALD R. MATTISON,

University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA

JOSEPH E. MURRAY,

Wellesley Hills, MA

EDWARD E. PENHOET,

Chiron Corporation, Emeryville, CA

MALCOLM C. PIKE,

Norris/USC Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA

JONATHAN M. SAMET,

The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD

CHARLES F. STEVENS,

The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA

JOHN L. VANDEBERG,

Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research, San Antonio, TX

National Research Council Staff:

PAUL GILMAN, Executive Director

NORMAN GROSSBLATT, Editor

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1998. Serving Science and Society Into the New Millenium. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6325.
×

The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society of distinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. Upon the authority of the charter granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on scientific and technical matters. Dr. Bruce M. Alberts is president of the National Academy of Sciences.

The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engineers. It is autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its members, sharing with the National Academy of Sciences the responsibility for advising the federal government. The National Academy of Engineering also sponsors engineering programs aimed at meeting national needs, encourages education and research, and recognizes the superior achievements of engineers. Dr. William A. Wulf is president of the National Academy of Engineering.

The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to secure the services of eminent members of appropriate professions in the examination of policy matters pertaining to the health of the public. The Institute acts under the responsibility given to the National Academy of Sciences by its congressional charter to be an adviser to the federal government and, upon its own initiative, to identify issues of medical care, research, and education. Dr. Kenneth I. Shine is president of the Institute of Medicine.

The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy's purposes of furthering knowledge and advising the federal government. Functioning in accordance with general policies determined by the Academy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in providing services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. The Council is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Bruce M. Alberts and Dr. William A. Wulf are chairman and vice chairman, respectively, of the National Research Council.

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1998. Serving Science and Society Into the New Millenium. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6325.
×

Preface

Department of Energy (DOE) involvement in the life sciences has its roots in the research of the Atomic Energy Commission on the possible health effects of irradiation. The Atomic Energy Act of 1946 also mandated research on the beneficial applications, including medical, of nuclear technology. That research progressed from the determination of the health consequences of high levels of radiation exposure, on the basis of the study of Japanese atomic-bomb survivors, to more fundamental research on the mechanisms of biologic damage and repair after radiation exposure and other environmental insults associated with energy production. More recently, DOE has focused on molecular and cellular mechanisms of long-term health effects, including research on structural and computational biology, global climate change, the Human Genome Project, the human health consequences of various energy-related activities, and fields of biology related to energy production, such as plant biology. Many of those activities are administered by DOE' s Office of Health and Environmental Research (OHER).

Future contributions of biologic sciences to the energy and environmental-quality missions of DOE could exceed those of the past. Biology could become as important a core discipline in DOE as physics has been. In fact, if the 20th century was the age of physics, many see the 21st century as the age of biology. In early 1997, DOE asked the National Research Council to cosponsor a symposium to assist the agency in identifying major gaps or research needs that are not being addressed by the current OHER program and in identifying opportunities to take advantage of the recent biologic advances in understanding the health effects of energy technologies and environmental remediation.

A symposium titled "Serving Science and Society into the New Millennium: The Legacy and the Promise" was held at the National Academy of Sciences on May 21-22, 1997. Speakers and panelists discussed the accomplishments and future of DOE's Biological and Environmental Research (BER) program. They also discussed a variety of multidisciplinary research activities, such as developing advanced medical diagnostic tools and treatments for human disease; assessing the health effects of radiation; tracking the regional and global movement of energy-related pollutants, and establishing the first human genome program. At the end of the symposium, 13 scientists who have been associated with the BER program and who have made significant contributions to its advancements and progress were honored. The proceedings volume includes the presentations made at the symposium.

This report has been reviewed in draft form by individuals chosen for their diverse perspectives and technical expertise in accordance with procedures for reviewing NRC and IOM reports approved by the NRC's Report Review Committee. The purpose of this independent review is to provide candid and critical comments that will

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1998. Serving Science and Society Into the New Millenium. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6325.
×

assist the NRC in making the published report as sound as possible and to ensure that the report meets institutional standards for objectivity, evidence, and responsiveness to the study charge. The review comments and draft manuscript remain confidential to protect the integrity of the deliberative process. We wish to thank the following individuals, who are neither officials nor employees of the NRC, for their participation in the review of this report:

Dr. Rob Coppock, Washington, D.C.

Dr. William Ellett, Crofton, Maryland

Dr. James Tavares, Department of Energy

Dr. David Smith, Boonsboro, Maryland

It must be emphasized that responsibility for the final content of this volume rests entirely with the authors and the NRC.

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1998. Serving Science and Society Into the New Millenium. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6325.
×
Page viii Cite
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1998. Serving Science and Society Into the New Millenium. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6325.
×

Part II
BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR A HEALTHY CITIZENRY

 

31

 

 

Biologic Imaging: From Mouse Genome to Human Disease
Michael Phelps

 

33

 

 

Panel Discussion:
Nora Volkow Edward Coleman Harvey Herschman

 

 

 

 

Health Effects Research at the Crossroads: Molecular-Based Tools for Biological Dosimetry and Individual Susceptibility
Anthony Carrano

 

56

 

 

Panel Discussion:
John Boice Roger McClellan Kenneth Olden E. Morton Bradbury Lisa Stubbs

 

 

Part III
PROTECTING THE ENVIRONMENT

 

83

 

 

Environmental Research
Ari A. Patrinos

 

85

 

 

Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide: Contemporary Budget, Historical Context, and Implications for the Future
Michael McElroy

 

86

 

 

Panel Discussion:
W. Lawrence Gates Warren Washington Paul Falkowski

 

 

 

 

Restoring the Environment via Bioremediation and Molecular Sciences: Prospects for Better Understanding and New Science-Based Solutions
Michael L. Knotek

 

104

 

 

Panel Discussion:
Thom H. Dunning Ronald W. Harvey James Tiedje

 

 

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1998. Serving Science and Society Into the New Millenium. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6325.
×
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1998. Serving Science and Society Into the New Millenium. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6325.
×
This page in the original is blank.
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1998. Serving Science and Society Into the New Millenium. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6325.
×

Serving Science and Society in the New Millennium: DOE’s Biological and Environmental Research Program

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1998. Serving Science and Society Into the New Millenium. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6325.
×
This page in the original is blank.
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1998. Serving Science and Society Into the New Millenium. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6325.
×
Page R1
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1998. Serving Science and Society Into the New Millenium. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6325.
×
Page R2
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1998. Serving Science and Society Into the New Millenium. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6325.
×
Page R3
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1998. Serving Science and Society Into the New Millenium. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6325.
×
Page R4
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1998. Serving Science and Society Into the New Millenium. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6325.
×
Page R5
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1998. Serving Science and Society Into the New Millenium. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6325.
×
Page R6
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1998. Serving Science and Society Into the New Millenium. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6325.
×
Page R7
Page viii Cite
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1998. Serving Science and Society Into the New Millenium. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6325.
×
Page R8
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1998. Serving Science and Society Into the New Millenium. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6325.
×
Page R9
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1998. Serving Science and Society Into the New Millenium. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6325.
×
Page R10
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1998. Serving Science and Society Into the New Millenium. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6325.
×
Page R11
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1998. Serving Science and Society Into the New Millenium. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6325.
×
Page R12
Next: Welcome »
Serving Science and Society Into the New Millenium Get This Book
×
Buy Paperback | $51.00 Buy Ebook | $40.99
MyNAP members save 10% online.
Login or Register to save!
Download Free PDF

A symposium titled "Serving Science and Society into the New Millennium: The Legacy and the Promise" was held at the National Academy of Sciences on May 21-22, 1997. Speakers and panelists discussed the accomplishments and future of DOE's Biological and Environmental Research (BER) program. They also discussed a variety of multidisciplinary research activities, such as developing advanced medical diagnostic tools and treatments for human disease; assessing the health effects of radiation; tracking the regional and global movement of energy-related pollutants, and establishing the first human genome program. At the end of the symposium, 13 scientists who have been associated with the BER program and who have made significant contributions to its advancements and progress were honored. The proceedings volume includes the presentations made at the symposium.

  1. ×

    Welcome to OpenBook!

    You're looking at OpenBook, NAP.edu's online reading room since 1999. Based on feedback from you, our users, we've made some improvements that make it easier than ever to read thousands of publications on our website.

    Do you want to take a quick tour of the OpenBook's features?

    No Thanks Take a Tour »
  2. ×

    Show this book's table of contents, where you can jump to any chapter by name.

    « Back Next »
  3. ×

    ...or use these buttons to go back to the previous chapter or skip to the next one.

    « Back Next »
  4. ×

    Jump up to the previous page or down to the next one. Also, you can type in a page number and press Enter to go directly to that page in the book.

    « Back Next »
  5. ×

    Switch between the Original Pages, where you can read the report as it appeared in print, and Text Pages for the web version, where you can highlight and search the text.

    « Back Next »
  6. ×

    To search the entire text of this book, type in your search term here and press Enter.

    « Back Next »
  7. ×

    Share a link to this book page on your preferred social network or via email.

    « Back Next »
  8. ×

    View our suggested citation for this chapter.

    « Back Next »
  9. ×

    Ready to take your reading offline? Click here to buy this book in print or download it as a free PDF, if available.

    « Back Next »
Stay Connected!