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Pathological Gambling: A Critical Review (1999)

Chapter: Appendix D: Summary of Treatment Literature

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Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: Summary of Treatment Literature." National Research Council. 1999. Pathological Gambling: A Critical Review. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6329.
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D Summary of Treatment Literature

Case Studies (n of 1)

Author(s)/Year

Technique/Approach

Follow-up Period

Lindner, 1950

Psychoanalytic

not specified

Reider, 1960

Psychoanalytic

not specified

Harris, 1964

Psychoanalytic

not specified

Victor and Krug, 1967

Psychoanalytic (paradoxical intention)

not specified

Goorney, 1968

Behavioral (aversive therapy)

12 months

Kraft, 1970

Behavioral (systematic desensitization)

1 year

Cotler, 1971

Behavioral (aversive and covert sensitization)

9 months

Bannister, 1977

Cognitive (rational emotive therapy and covert sensitization)

2.5 years

Dickerson and Weeks, 1979

Behavioral (behavioral counseling)

15 months

Rankin, 1982

Behavioral (behavioral counseling)

2 years

Toneatto and Sobell, 1990

Cognitive

6 months

Hollander et al., 1992

Pharmacotreatment

not specified

Seager et al., 1992

Behavioral (marriage counseling)

not specified

Sharpe and Tarrier, 1992

Cognitive (relaxation training, imaginal and in vivo exposure, cognitive restructuring)

10 months

Haller and Hinterhuber, 1994

Pharmacotreatment (carbamazepine)

not specified

Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: Summary of Treatment Literature." National Research Council. 1999. Pathological Gambling: A Critical Review. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6329.
×

Noncontrolled/Descriptive Studies

Author(s)/Year

Sample Size

Technique/Approach

Follow-up Period

Bergler, 1958

60

Psychoanalytic

not specified

Barker and Miller, 1966

5

Behavioral (aversive therapy)

several months-2 years

Boyd and Bolen, 1970

9

Psychoanalytic (marital group therapy)

end of treatment

Seager, 1970

14

Behavioral (electrical aversion therapy)

1-3 years

Koller, 1972

20

Behavioral (aversive therapy)

6 months-2 years

Moskowitz, 1980

3

Pharmacotreatment (lithium)

not specified

Greenberg and Marks, 1982

7

Behavioral (desensitization)

6 months

Greenberg and Rankin, 1982

26

Behavioral (stimulus control exposure and covert sensitization)

9 months-5 years

Salzman, 1982

4

Behavioral (aversion)

not specified

Russo et al., 1984

60

Multimodal (group therapy, education, Gamblers Anonymous, discharge plan)

1 year

Taber et al., 1987

57

Multimodal (group therapy, education, Gamblers Anonymous, discharge plan)

6 months

Hudak et al., 1989

99 treated (26 followed-up)

Multimodal (education, individual, family and group therapy, communication skills training, specific discharge plan)

4 years

Arribas and Martinez, 1991

4

Cognitive (self-monitoring, exposure, stimulus control, response prevention, cognitive restructuring, family intervention, relapse prevention)

3 and 6 months

Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: Summary of Treatment Literature." National Research Council. 1999. Pathological Gambling: A Critical Review. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6329.
×

Author(s)/Year

Sample Size

Technique/Approach

Follow-up Period

Schwarz and Lindner, 1992

58 treated 25 contacted at 2-year follow-up)

Multimodal (medical, group, individual, occupational and family therapy)

1 and 2 years

Sylvain and Ladouceur, 1992

3

Cognitive (education, cognitive restructuring, relapse prevention)

3 and 6 months

Bujold et al., 1994

3

Cognitive (cognitive/behavioral)

3, 6, and 9 months

Ladouceur et al., 1994

4

Cognitive (information about gambling, cognitive restructuring, problem-solving training, social skills training, relapse prevention)

3 and 6 months

Stinchfield and Winters, 1996

274 (sample for whom discharge, 6 and 12 month data obtained)

Multimodal (individual and group psychotherapy, lectures, participation in self-help groups, family counseling)

Discharge, 6 and 12 months

Hand, 1998

68

Multimodal (motivational interviewing, behavior therapy, family counseling)

not specified

Controlled Studies (random assignment and comparison groups)

McConaghy et al., 1983c

20 (imaginal desensitization = 10, aversive = 10)

Behavioral

1 year

McConaghy et al., 1988

20 (imaginal desensitization = 10, imaginal relaxation = 10)

Behavioral

1 month and 1 year

Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: Summary of Treatment Literature." National Research Council. 1999. Pathological Gambling: A Critical Review. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6329.
×

Author(s)/Year

Sample Size

Technique/Approach

Follow-up Period

McConaghy et al., 1991

120 (imaginal desensitization = 60a, other behavioral procedures = 60b)

Behavioral

2-9 years

Echeburua et al., 1994

64 (individual stimulus control = 16, in vivo exposure with response prevention = 16, group cognitive restructuring = 16, waiting list = 16)

Cognitive

6 months

Sylvain et al., 1997

29 (cognitive/behavioral = 14, control = 15)

Cognitive

6 and 12 months

a 33 follow-up.

b 30 followed-up.

c labeled as controlled, but random assignment not mentioned.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: Summary of Treatment Literature." National Research Council. 1999. Pathological Gambling: A Critical Review. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6329.
×
Page 313
Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: Summary of Treatment Literature." National Research Council. 1999. Pathological Gambling: A Critical Review. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6329.
×
Page 314
Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: Summary of Treatment Literature." National Research Council. 1999. Pathological Gambling: A Critical Review. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6329.
×
Page 315
Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: Summary of Treatment Literature." National Research Council. 1999. Pathological Gambling: A Critical Review. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6329.
×
Page 316
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Pathological Gambling: A Critical Review Get This Book
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As states have moved from merely tolerating gambling to running their own games, as communities have increasingly turned to gambling for an economic boost, important questions arise. Has the new age of gambling increased the proportion of pathological or problem gamblers in the U.S. population? Where is the threshold between "social betting" and pathology? Is there a real threat to our families, communities, and the larger society? Pathological Gambling explores America's experience of gambling, examining:

  • The diverse and frequently controversial issues surrounding the definition of pathological gambling.
  • Its co-occurrence with disorders such as alcoholism, drug abuse, and depression.
  • Its social characteristics and economic consequences, both good and bad, for communities.
  • The role of video gaming, Internet gambling, and other technologies in the development of gambling problems.
  • Treatment approaches and their effectiveness, from Gambler's Anonymous to cognitive therapy to pharmacology.

This book provides the most up-to-date information available on the prevalence of pathological and problem gambling in the United States, including a look at populations that may have a particular vulnerability to gambling: women, adolescents, and minority populations. Its describes the effects of problem gambling on families, friendships, employment, finances, and propensity to crime.

How do pathological gamblers perceive and misperceive randomness and chance? What are the causal pathways to pathological gambling? What do genetics, brain imaging, and other studies tell us about the biology of gambling? Is there a bit of sensation-seeking in all of us? Who needs treatment? What do we know about the effectiveness of different policies for dealing with pathological gambling? The book reviews the available facts and frames the intriguing questions yet to be answered.

Pathological Gambling will be the odds-on favorite for anyone interested in gambling in America: policymakers, public officials, economics and social researchers, treatment professionals, and concerned gamblers and their families.

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