NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance.

The study was supported by Contract/Grant No. ED-98-CO-0005 between the National Academy of Sciences and the U.S. Department of Education. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the view of the organizations or agencies that provided support for this project.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

High stakes : testing for tracking, promotion, and graduation / Jay P. Heubert and Robert M. Hauser, editors ; Committee on Appropriate Test Use.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

1. Educational tests and measurements—United States. 2. Educational accountability—United States. 3. Education and state—United States. I. Heubert, Jay Philip. II. Hauser, Robert Mason. III. National Research Council (U.S.). Committee on Appropriate Test Use.

LB3051 .H475 1999

371.26′0973—dc21 98-40215