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I. Ergonomic Design Process of Instrument Panel Layout F-1

Ergonomic Design Process of Transit Bus Instrument Panel Layout Instrument Panel Analysis - Taxonomy - Design Attributes - Operational Charactenstics (Frequency of Use / Importance Sequence / Functional Similarity) Isis Scow Design Guideline ' Field Survey / Operating Requirement Analysis - Relationship Analysis - Space Requirement Analysis (~sign Criteria) ~ _ . . Layout Optimization I - SLP method i I - Optional Assignment I Ergonomic Panel Suggestion - Panel Layout - Controls / Displays Specification F-2 Workspace Analysis Viewing Zone plenary - Secondary (Eye / Neck / Head Movement) Workspace Segmentation Reach Zone - Minimurn - Normal - Maximllm Bland / Foot) Ergonomic Guideli 5/ , - Viewing Zone Segmentation - Reach Zone Se~nentanon .

II. Controls / Displays Analysis F-3

F-11: Controls / Displays Analysis Ilk. Hierarchy of Transit Bus Controls / Displays Fat

F-II: Controls / Displays Analysis Hierarchy of Transit Bus Controls / Displays - Controls / Displays I 1 si Level 2 nd Level Master Engine Transmission I Lighting Load / Unload Windshield Mirror Climate Communication _ ~ I en: Light Panel Test Button _ Engine Override Automatic Transmission ShiD . as_ ' Turn Signal (Left / Right) _ Hazard Warning Signal _ Headlamp (Upper i Lower) _ Interior Lighting _ Drivers Area Light _ Instrument Panel Dimmer Door Control (Front / Rear) _ Rear Door Control . _ Door Ovemde _ Door Air Dump Valve _ Parlcing Brake . brake Release . Kneed eel Recover ~iG~ff ~iR Control Wheelchair Function Switch Passenger Chime Control Farebox Control Wiper (Left / Right) Hi= ime Control _ Mirror Defroster _ Uses DriveYs Climate Control is_ Ventilation Control Front Step Heat Control Public Address System Radio Control Microphone Destination Sib Adjuster Horn Emergency F-5 No 1 2 4 5 _ 7 8 9 0 1 2 1 14 1 16 l 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 34 35 36 ,7 38 39 40 41

F-II: Controls / Displays Analysis Hierarchy of Transit Bus Controls / Displays Contro s / Displays . . . 1 St Level 2 nd Level Display Telltale Auxiliary No. . ~ rd Level . Engine Coolant Temperature _ Engine Oil Pressure _ Transmission Oil Temperamre _ . _ Gauge Speedometer / Odometer _ Tachometer _ _ Electrical Charge Seat Belt Trar.~m~ssion Mode Tum Signal & Howard Warning Highbearn Door Unlock Stop Request Mobility Aid Stop Request papa Brake Kneel Wheelchair Lift Defrost _ Air Conditioner Fail l Low Engine Coolant 44 45 4 47 48 49 50 51 _1 52 5~ 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 rid 64 65 Engine Fire Low Transmission Oil Transmission Retarder Low Air Pressure Low Fuel _ i~Am_ _ _ Clock Fee 68 69 70 71 72 7~

F-1I: Controls / Displays Analysis Il-2. Taxonomy of Controls / Displays F-7

F-II: Controls / Displa~ s Analysi s Taxonomy of Controis Adjustment Tyce Discrete Controls Continuous Controis Cursor Controls l Control Movement Linear . . Swiveling Turning Linear Swiveling Turning Controls Push-button Legend SM/ Slide SM/ Push-Pull SMI Push-Pull Handle . Sensor Key Alphanumeric Keys Toggie SMI _ Rocker SM/ Detent Lever Keylock Rotary Selector Knob _ Detent Thumbwheel J-Handle Rota~ Disk _ _ Sliding Handle _ Continuous Lever _ Joystick Pedal Continuous t<nob , Continuous Thumbwheel Handcrank Handwheel Touch Screen Light Pen Electronic Stylus Digitizing Tablet Nlouse Trackball Code , Hand Push-button Foot Push-button Bar Knob _ _ Round i<nob ~Displacement Lever __ I Pressure Lever Displacement Joystick . Pressure Joystick . DL1 DL2 DL3 DL4 DL5 DL6 DL7 DL8 DS1 DS2 DS3 DT1 DT2 DT3 DT4 DT5 DT6 CL1 CS1 Bar Knob Round ICnob _ _ Joystick . Cursor i<eys CS2 CS3 CS4 CS5 CT1 CT2 CT3 Displacement Joystick Pressure Joystick CT4 CTS RC1 RC2 RC3 RC4 RC5 RC6 RC7 RC8 RC9 F-8

F-II: Controls / Displays Analysis Taxonomy of Controls l l Adjustment Type Discrete Controls Control Movement Linear Controls Push-button Legend SMI Slide SM/ Push-Pull SM/ l Push-Pull Handle Code Hand Push-button Foot Push-buKon Page 1 of 7 F-9 Illustration DL1 DL2 DL3 DL4 \ DLS DL6 At&

F-lI: Controls / Displays Analysis Taxonomy of Controls 1 11 1 Adjustment Type Discrete Controls Control Movement Linear Swiveling Sensor Key Alphanumenc Keys Toggle SARI Rocker SARI Detent Lever Turning Controls Keylock Code DL7 DL8 DS1 DS2 DS3 DT1 Page 2 of 7 F-10 Illustration ~3i=' SGE(~G~ it,

F-II: Controls / Displays Analysis Taxonomy of Controls Adjustment Type Control Movement Controls Discrete Controls Turning Rotary Selector Knob Detent Thumbwheel Bar Knob Round Knob J-Handle i Rotary Disk Page 3 of 7 F-11 Code DT2 DT3 DT4 DT5 OT6 Illustration 0~4 ,~ \ (ooo~:

F-II: Controls / Displays Analysis ._ onomy Adjustment l Type , Continuous Controls Control Movement Linear Swiveling iContinuous Lever Joystick Pedal Pressure Joystick Page4 of 7 F-12 Controls Controls Sliding Handle Code CL1 Illustration I, |Displacement Lever - Pressure Lever Displacement Joystick CS1 >,0 Is ~- ,_0 CS2 CS3 ~- '~: ~ 11// \'\\; G CS4 CS5

F-Il: Controls / Display s Analysis Taxonomy of Controls Adjustment Type Continuous Controls Control Movement Turning Controls Continuous Knob Bar Knob _ Continuous Thumbwheel Handcrank Handwheel Round Knob Page 5 of 7 F-13 11 1 Code CT1 CT2 CT3 CT4 CTS Illustration ,7 . ': `'' ! I ' - . \` //' t Act,

F-II: Controls / Displays Analysis Taxonomy of Controls Adjustment Type Cursor Controls Control Movement Controls Touch Screen Light Pen Electronic Stylus Digitizing Tablet Mouse Trackball Page 6 of 7 F-14 Code RC1 RC2 Illustration in, _ ~ RC3 RC4 RCS RC6 id, if: , ,

F-II: Controls / D~splay-s Analysis Taxonomy Adjustment Type Cursor Controls Control Movement Controls Joystick Cursor Keys Controis Displacement Joystick Code RC7 Pressure Joystick illustration RC8 RC9 1 1 1 1 11 - .1 Page7 of 7 F-15

P-II: Controls / Displaces Analysis Taxonomy of Displays Displays Mechanical Displays Electronic Displays Code Moving Pointer Moving Scale Linear Dial Curved Dial Circular Dial Linear Dial Curved Dial Circular Dial NID1 MD2 MD3 MD4 MD5 MD6 Pictorial Display Tell-Tale MD7 MD8 Counter Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) Flat-Panel CRT Mug 1 ED1 ED2 Light-EmiKing Diode (LED) ED3 Electroluminescence (EL) Panel ED4 Plasma Display Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) Electrochromic Display (ECD) ED5 ED6 ED7 F-16

F-II: Controls / Displays Analysis Taxonomy of Displays Displays Code Illustration Mechanical Displays Moving Pointer 1~ Moving Scale Linear Dial Cultured Dial Circular Dial Linear Dial Curved Dial Circular Dial Page 1 of 2 F-17 MD1 MD2 MD3 MD4 MD5 MD6 . ·0 50 60 ~ 0~ ire I; 0 10 ID ~ TO /` Ad- TO go ~20 t_10 -}70- 1~t |ncreose Oecreos. _ ~ I so ' 1 1''1''''''''' , Em ~ _ accost `? .R

F-II: Controls / Displays Analysis Taxonomy of Displays Displays Mechanical Displays Electronic Displays Pictonal Display Tell-Tale 1 Counter Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) Flat-Panel CRT Light-Emitting Diode (LED) Electroluminescence (EL) Panel Plasma Display Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) Electrochromic Di splay (EC D) Page 2 of 2 F-18 Code MD7 In: MD8 illustration ~3 ~_~ _ 1 1 Mug ED1 &__ 1 ED2 ED3 ED4 EDS ED6 ED7 151019191

F-II: Controls / Displa~s Anal~rsis Reference List of Controls / Displays Illustration Controls Discrete Controls Continuous Controls Push-button ~ush-button Foot Push-button Legend SIW Slide S/W Push-Pull Handle Sensor Key Alphanumenc Keys Keylock ~ Rotary Selector tCnob Bar Knob Round Knob Detent ThUmbW_ Code ; DL1 _ DL3 DL4 DL5 DL6 DL7 DL8 DS1 OS2 DS3 DT1 DT2 DT3 DT4 DT5 DT6 CLt CS1 CS2 _ Rotary Disk Sliding Handle Continuous Lever JoysO~ Displacement Lever _ Pressure Lever -Displacement Joystick Pressure Joystick Pedal Continuous Knob j3ar Knob Round Knob Continuous Thum~wheel CS5 CT1 _ Touch Screen _ Cursor Controls Elec~oo~c s~us Digitizing Tablet Mouse _ Trackball Joystick |Displacement Joystick |Pressure Joystick Mechanica Displays Electronic Displays IMoving Pointer 1 Moving Scale Linear Dial Curved C)ial 1 |Circular Dial I Linear Dial ~. Curved Dial 1 [circular Dial Code I 1~11 ~1 ~1 =~IL ~11 I ~2r ~[ ~1 ~, ~11 Mug || | ED1 11 1 .' | ED2 11 1 ED3 11 ~1 ql EDS ED6 ED7 ICounter I , , Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) l |Flat-Panet CRT I l |Light-Emitting Diode (LED) l ~i~escence (EL) Panel L l | Plasma Disptay L~id Crystal Display (LCD) ~nic DisDIay (ECD) F-19 Reference of Illustration | _ 1 Sanders & McCormick (1993) ~ino 1 Kroemer et al. (1994) Salvendy (1987) SAE (1994) iCroemer et al. (1994) Salvendy (1987) Bailey ~ , Burgess (1986) SAE (1994) 1 Huchingson (1981 ) 1 Kroemer et al. (1994) Sanders & McCormic c (1993) Salvendy (1987) Van Cott (1972) Boff & Lincoln (1988) 1 Salvendy (1987) Ditto I 1 Van Cott (1972) CT2 CT3 CT4 CTS RC1 RC2 1 RC3 RC4 RC5 RC6 RC7 Sanders & McCormick (1993) Huchingson (1981) Sanders & McConnick (1993) Burgess (1986) Reference of IlliistnOoii

F-II: Controls ! Displays Analysis Reference of Controls / Displays Taxonomy Bailey, R.W. (1989) Human Performance Engineering: Using Human Factors / Ergonomics to Achieve Computer System Usabiliry, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, Prentice- Hall, Inc. Boff, K.R. and Lincoln, J.E. (1988) Engineering Data Compendium: Human Perceptio,. and Performance, vol. 3, Spnugfield, VA, National Technical Information Service. Burgess, J.H. (1986) Designing for Humans: The Human Factor in Engineering, Princeton, A, Pe~ocelli Books Inc. Huchingson, R.D. (1981) view Horizons for Human Factors in Design, McGraw Hill Book Co. Ivergard, T. (1989) Handbook of Control Room Design and Ergonomics, Taylor & Francis Ltd. Kroemer, K.H.E., Kroemer, H.B. and Kroemer-Elbert, K.E. (1994), Ergonomics: How to Design for Ease and Efficiency, NJ, Prentice-Hall Incorporated. Obome, D.J. (1987) Ergonomics at Work, John Wiley & Sons Ltd. SAE (1994) 1994 SHE Handbook, vol. 3, Warrendale, PA, Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc. Salvendy, G. (1987) Handbook of Human Factors, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Sarders, M. S. and McCormick, E. J. (1993) Human Factors in Engineering and Design, 7th ea., New York. McGraw-Hill Book Co. Tillman, P. and TilLnan, B. (1991) Human Factors Essentials: An Ergonomic Guide for Designers, Engineers, Scientists, and Mangers, McGraw-Hill, Inc. Van Cott, H.P. and Kinkade. R.G. (1972) Human Engineering Guide to Equipment Design' McGraw-Hill Book Co. Weimer, J . (1993) Handb o o k of Ergo no m i cs and Hum an Facto rs Tab l es, Englewoo d Cliffs, NJ, Prentice-Hall, Inc. Wood son, W. E. (1981) Human Factors Design Handbook, New York, McGraw-Hill Book Co. F-20

F-II: Controls / Displays Analysis II-3. Design Factors of Controls / Displays F-21

F-II: Controls / Displays Anally sis Structure of Control Design Factors 1. Functional Purpose 1.1 Data Input 1.2 Status Setting 1.: Moderating, 1.4 Maneuvering 1.5 Safety / Emergency 2. Control Tvpe 2.1 Adjustment Type 2.1.1 Discrete Control 2.1.1.1 No. of Detent Positions 2.1.2 Continuous Control 9.1.3 Cursor Control 2.2 Control Movement 2.2.1 Linear Control 2.2.1 .1 Up / Down 2.2.1.2 Left I Right 2.2.1.~ Push / Pull 2.2.1.4 Forward / Rearward Swiveling, Control 2.2.2.1 Clockwise i Counterclockwise 2.2.~ Turning Control 2.2.~.1 Clockwise / Countercloclcwise 2.3 Actuating Body Limb 2.3. 1 Fin~ernp 2.~.2 Finger 2.~.~ Hand 2.~.4 Foot 3. Placement 4. Dimensions 4.1 Length x Width x Depth 4.2 Radius x Depth 5. Spacing 6. Weight 7. Displacement 7.1 Travel Distance 7.2 Travel Angle F-22

F-lI: Controls / Display s Analysis 8. Activation Speed 9. Control Precision 10. Control / Display Ratio 1 1. Resistance 11.1 Resistance Type 10.1.1 Static and Coulomb 10.1.2 Elastic 1 0.1.3 Viscous 1 O. 1.4 Inertia 11.2 Force / Torque 12. Orientation 12.1 Horizontal Plane 12.2 Vertical Transverse Plane 12.~ Vertical Lonain~dinal Plan 13. Surface 13.1 Shape 13.2 Texture 133 Material 14. Coding 14.1 Label 14.2 Symbol 14.3 Color 14.4 Size 14.5 Shape 14.6 Texture 14.7 Location 1 5. Feedback 15.1 Visual Feedback 15.2 Auditory Feedback IS. Tactile Feedbaclc 15.4 Kinesthetic Feedback 16. Safety Lock 17. Operating Characteristics 17.1 Importance 17.2 Frequency of Use 17.; Sequence of IJse 17.4 Functional Similarity 17.5 User Stereotype e F-23 I

F-I1: Controls / Displays Analysis Structure of Display Factors 1. Functional Purpose 1.1 Quantitative Reading 1.2 Qualitative Reading Check Reading 1 ~ 1 .~ 1.4 Situation Awareness 1.5 Tracking Displav Tvpe 2.1 Mechanical Display 2.1.1 Fixed-Scale / Movin~-Pointer 9.1.2 ~Iovin:,-Scale / Fixed-Pointer 2.1., Pictorial Display 2.1.4 Tell-Tale 2.1.5 Counter 2.2 Electrical Display 2.2.1 CRT 2.2.2 Flat-Panel CRT 2.2.3 LED 2.2.4 EL Panel 2.2.5 Plasma Display 2.2.6 LCD 9.2.7 ECD 3. Sensing M .1 Visual Sense :.2 Auditory Sense 4. Placement 5. Dimensions 5. .1 Length x Width x Depth 5.2 Radius x Depth 6. Spacing 7. Scale 7.1 Scale Layout 7.1.1 Linear Dial 7.1.2 Curved Dial 7.1.3 Circular Dial Scale Range F-24

F-II: Controls / Displays Analysis G raduation 7.~.1 Mark Size 7.,.1.1 Major NIark 7.,.1.2 intermediate Mark 7.~.1.: Minor Marl; No. of Scale Divisions Mark Interval 7.4 Numbering 7.4.1 Alphanumenc Size 7.4.2 Font Style 7.4.~ Numbering Interval Zone 7.5.1 Zone Size 7.5.2 No. of Zone Divisions 7.5.~ Coding 8. Pointer 8.1 Pointer Size 8.2 Pointer-Tip Angle 8.3 Pointer Color 8.4 Pointer Location 9. Orientation 9.1 Horizontal Plane 9.2 Vertical Transverse Plane 9., Vertical Longitudinal Plane 10. Coding 1 0.1 Label 1 0.2 Symbol 1 0.~ Color 10.4 Size 1 0.5 Shape 1 0.6 Location 1 1. Redundancy 11.1 Visual Redundancy 1 1.2 Auditory Redundancy 12. Lighting 12.1 Color 12.2 Brightness 12.~ Contrast F-25 -

F-II: Conlmls / Display Analysis 13. Operating Cha=~er~tics 13 J Impotence 13.2 Frequency of Use 13.3 Sequence of Use 13.4 13.5 User Stereotype Functional Simil=~ F-26

IO. Workspace Analysis F-27

F-I1I: Wo~spacc Analysis III-le lraush Bus ~or~pace Segmen1ntion 1- -~0

F-III: Workspace Analysis COF :1 Transit Bus Operators' Workspace Segmentation FL2F fL B No. of Segmented Zones: 47 PCF PCC PE8 WLC | WCC I WRC _ ^=, =2 ~FrF2 ~FRF2~ rLr ~ ~- FC F,~ ~ ~ . OLC=_ _ 'ffRc _ _j l~c h~C ~C I~C _: FLF FLB ~' L~ L: ~3 FRF FRB ORB RU _ RLB _ RRF . RRB , Nomenclature of Bus Workspace Segmentation Zone 1. Workstation Component L - LeD Ins~aument Panel R- Right Ins~ent Panel C - Left-Side Ceiling M- Steenug Col~mn O - Floor 2. Honzontal position L2 Exteme LeR Ct - Center Leh CR Center Fight R2 Extreme Right 3. Vertical Position F2 Extreme Front CF - Center Front CB - Center Back F - Front Ins~ument Panel W- Wall above W~dshield P - Pillar S - Steering Wheel L - LeR C - Center R- Right S - Side F - Front C - Center B -Back F-29

F-III: Workspace Analysis Ill-2. Viewing Zone Analysis F-30

F-III: Workspace Analysis Viewirl: Zone Analysis I. Horizontal Viewing Zone Segmentation Eye Movement I Range of Zone No ~ Head Movement =~ _ 1 1 ~ f ~1 1 ~.W ~: ~ ~ ~ - ~:~1 * Note: Instrument panels win be located only within the shaded viewing zone area 2. Sagittal Viewing Zone Segmentation l I Eye Movement Range of Zone No ~Head Movement _ 1 Fixed ( 0° ) .. 2 Fixed ( 0° ) Easy Movement ( ~ 30° ) .~ ~ .:~-~ent.~,.~.] _ (~-2~1~ ~-,,6~ ~ art ~ . . . . .. . ~.. : ~ ' ~ ' ' ' ' ' ' ' '"' ' ~1~' ' I' ' ' '' '"a' Optimal ( + 15° ) Acceptable ( + 30° ) l Fixed(0°) + [0°,15°] + [ 15°, 30°] * Note: Instrument panels trill be located only within the shaded viewing zone area F-31

F-lIJ: Workspace Analysis Location of Centroid of Eyellipse for 95°/0 of the Population Gamins L2:3 (Seat back travel) >133 mm Variables L31 L40 in es 294 TO 196 96 mml 746 76 1 20 1 497 84 1 497 84 Aceamidation Tool Reference Line Male/Fe 50150 7 xcoord~ z=H30 Centroid of Evellinse (mm) (SAE J1516) mm inches (SAE J941) Male/Fe 50/50 75125 95/5 9515 lunches) x coord 655.0 I 26.1 z ccord 1 117.5 :3~ 44.2 Seth Percentile Evelliose Dimensions (SAE J941) mm inches Ha~r~ Length ~ 98.9 1 7.8 Wdth ~ 2.1 Height 86.0 1 3.4 1.7 Location of extreme for evellinses (MalelFe = 95153 Max (mm) (inches) Min (mm)(inches) x 1 761.5 ~0~ 562.622~2 i z 1165.0 45.9 3 Rotate eyellipse about centroid so x-a~s is 5.4 deg imp in plan view and 11.6 deg down in side view Accommodation Tool Reference Point SAE J1516 MAR9O Motor Vehicle Dnvem' Eye Locations SAE J941 JUN92 F-32

F-III: Workspace Analysis ~\: Visibility Cones for 5~ Percentile Female Using Eyedipse Method Note: H"m~ contained in above draviing ~ not scaled to size. Evellipse is located co..cetly in Elation to the h~ ~= ~= (1) SAE J941 Motor Vehicle Dnvers' Eye Locations (2) SAE J985 Vision Factors Considerations in Rear View Mirror Design F-33

F-III: Workspace Analysis l ; ~ A,_ 1 ~ ~ ~:,_- _~ i/ he'' | 35th Percentile ~ ~ I Visibility Cones for 95th Percentile Male Using Eyellipse Method ~ \\\\ Vi~ibil,~- ~ Conc it, Note: Human contained in above drawing is not scaled to size. Eyellipse is located correctly in relation to the heel reference point (1) SAE 3941 Motor Melville Drivers' [:ye Locations (2) Saw J985 Vision Factors Considerations in Rear Vim Mirror Design F-34

F-lII: Workspace Analysis ~ /~ 1~ i 1 l ~,/~ I'd\\ Me Percentile /~: I ~ Visibility Cones for 95th Percentile Male Blue Cone- eye movement only Beat Cone- head movement only Green Cone- head and eye movement (1) SAE J833 H,~m~n Physical Dimcn~ons (2) SAE J985 Vision Factors Considcranocs in Rear V~c~ for Dcs~gn F-35 J,s,b,l,ty Cone

F-IlI: Workspace Anals sis III-3. Reach Zone Analysis F-36

F-III: Workspace Analysis Reach Zone Analysis No l Arm Reach Area . Range of Zone (Distance From Neutral Shoulder Pivot Pointy Above Normal Reach Area 63 e5 e' 75 eO ] cm * Note: Controls wiB be located only within the shaded reach zone area F-37

F-I1I: apace Analysis MINI-! Syntbes~ed`VarkspaceEvxlushon F-3S

F-III: Workspace Analysis Synthesized Workspace Evaluation 1. Rating Scale of Bus Workspace for Display Placement .. Rang Scale 5 - 3 2 1 l ~ Honzonm1 Viewing Zone - + [ 0°, 30°] - + [DO 300] - + [ 30°, 60°] - + [ 30°, 60°] + [ 60O3 90°] 2. Rating Scale of Bus Workspace for Control Placement Rating Scale j Obstacle ~ Reach Zone None ~ Normal Reach Area None I Normal Reach Area 3 ~None ~ B':IowNormalReach Area _ Blocked Normal Reach Area Blocked ~ Above Normal Reach Area: ~ 1 F-39 - Sagittal Viewing Zone [ -30°, 45 ] [ ~5°, -60 ] [ _30o .450] [ ~5°, -60°] [-30 ,-60 ] Viewing Zone Comfortable Viewing Zone (Horizons: ~ [ 0°, 45O], Sagiml: [-30°,-60°1) Acceptable Viewing Zone (Horizontal:+ [45°,90°], Sagirtal: [-30°,-60°])

F-III: Workspace Angle sis Workspace Rating for Controls / Displays Placement l FCF LLC = LLC ARC W1 me 1 an. I FLB 14 FCE] OLC: _ RU RLB , RRF RRB In, E Note: O - Rating for Display Placement O - Rating for Control Placement ~0

IV. Operating Requirements Survey Analysis F~1

F-1V: Tackling Rcquimmcuts Sump Analyst IV-1. Transh Bus Operator Survey Analysis Result Fag

F-IV: Operating Requirements Survey Analysis

F-IV: Operating Requirements Survey Analysis

F-IV: Operating Requirements Survey Analysis _ _ LO a: _ . ~ _ . ~ L ~ _ _ . _ _ ~ ! b ~ t {C~ L~ ~ , , _ =, _ A, T. on, ~ so _ ~J :;~:._ C 3= :''r me L i I::-. _ ~0 ~ _ ~ O 0= (D _ ~ Z _ TI Cal . . _ Cal 40

F-1V: ~craUng Equipments Sup Analysis O ^ ~ ~ g~ go O ~ = ~ O 1~? O en #~ c 0 0 _ 1. 0 0 o ! _ ~ . 5 5 _ { ._ = 0 : O : #

F-IV: Operating Requirements Suney Analysis Instrument Panel Layout Recommendations Through the survey results, Can sit bus operators' stereotypes for location of each control and display are identified. The panel layout should accommodate these operators' expectations to enhance the usability of the instruments. The fodow~ng recommendations could be made based on the survey results. 1 4 6 8 9 0 11 42 4 18 20 22 25 26 30 31 32 33 34 . Controls I Displays Master Run Selector Ignition Engine Ovemde Automatic Transmission Shift Tum Signal Hazard VVaming Signal Headlamp Interior Lighting Drivers Area Light Door Control Parking Brake KneeLKneel Recover V`Jheelchair Lift Control Farebox Control . Wiper Mirror Adjuster Mirror Defroster Air Conditioner Ventilating Fan Heater Control 44 45 47 48 49 50 51 57 59 73 Engine Coolant Temperature Engine Oil Pressure Brake Air Pressure Fuel Level Speedometer / Odometer Tachometer Electrical Charge Stop Request Parking Brake Indicator l Clock _ ~ Diagnostic Indicator Recommendation I Front or Center Front Part of LeR Instrument Panel Front or Center Front Part of LeR Instrument Panel l Len Part of LeR Insrument Panel Front or Center Front Part of Left Instrument Panel LeR Part of Floor ter and Center Front of Left Instrument Panel Left Part of Floor Front or Center Front Part of Left Instrument Panel Front or Center Front Part of LeR Instrument Panel . Front or Center Front Part of LeR Instrument Panel Left Front Part of Front Instrument Panel Right Back Part of Front Instrument Panel or Left Part of Right Instrument Panel Right Back Part of Front Instrument Panel _ Right Instrument Panel . Right Back Part or LeR Back Part of Front Instrument Panel . Right Front of LeR Instrument Panel or Right Back Part of Front Instrument Panel LeR Instrument Panel or Right Back Part of Front Instrument Panel Len Part of Center Back or Back of LeD Instrument Panel . Back Part of LeR Instrument Panel Right Part of Center Back or Back of LeR Instrument Panel . Center of Steering Wheel . Center Part of Front Instrument Panel Center or Center LeR Part of Front Instrument Panel . l Center Back Part of Front Instrument Panel Center Back or Center Right Part of Front Instrument Panel Center Bade Part of Front Instrument Panel Center or Center LeR Part of Front Instrument Panel Center Part of Front Instrument Panel Center Front Part of Front Instrument Panel Center Back or Center Right Front or Right Front of Front Instrument Panel Front of Center or Center LeR or LeR Part of Front Instrument Panel Center Right or Right Front Part of Front Instrument Panel F~7 1 ;~3 I L_F or L_C' | . . ~ LL_ I OLC | l LRF or LRCr | . . . . L_ForL_C~ | . : 3 FRB or RL_ I FLB or FRB ~- LRF or FRB LRF or FRO 1 . _ ~ ~3 L_B I LRB or LRC. | 1 . ~ _ . FCE FOB or Fey_ | FOB | l FC_orFC _I i_ . FC . FCF . FC8 or FC~F or FRF . FCForFC F or FLF I _ ~RF

F-1V: ~craling Rcquircmcms Sun<} Analysis In. Field Sump Sbe~ Format of Controb / Deploys F48

F-IV: Operating Requiremc`~ts Surves Analysis Survey Sheet- Controls Investigator : Date : July , 1995 Control Name: Model No.: Functional Purpose I 1. Data Input 2. Status Setting i. Moderating 4. Maneuvering 3. Satety / Emergency | Adjustment | I.Discrete(~ofDetenss: ~;~ _ Control 1. Linear Movement 2. Swiveling a. Tumin, Placement ( Code I I Spacing Dimensions . Displacement Coding Method Feedback Remarks Control Name: 1 , 1 1 LxWxD I x x (cm) . _ Travel Distal ice (cm) Label Color Shape Location 1. Visual 2. Auditory , .Tactile 4. Kinesthetic ) 2. Continuous a. Cursor 1.1 Up / Down 1.2 Left / Right i .~ Push I Pull 1.4 Forward / Rearward = (cm) R x D x (cm) Travel Angle . Symbol Size Texture Safety Lock (degree) Functional Purpose | 1. Data Input 2. Stanls Semno a. Moderating 4. Maneuvering 5. Safety i Emergency | Adjustment I 1. Discrete(# ot pretends: ) 2. Continuous a. Cursor I 1.1 Up i Down 1.2 Left / Right 1.~ Push / Pull 1.4 Forward / Rearward , . Control Type Code I Control 1 1. Linear Movement | 2. Swivelin, a. Turning Placement Code ~| Spacing | Dimensions l Displacement I Coding Method ~ Feedback I Remarks - ~W x D ~x i Travel Distance | 1 I Label ~ 1 1 | Color 1 I Shape 1 Location 1 ~, 1. Visual 2. Auditory Tactile 4. Kinesthetic ~9 x (cm) I RxD i (cm) ~Travel Angle Symbol 1 Size Texture | Safety Lock I (cm) x (cm) (degree) - 1 1 1

F-IV: Operating Requirements Survey Analysis Survey Sheet - Displays Investigator Control Narne Functional Purpose ~_. Display Type Code Placement Code . Dimensions Coding Method Redundancy Remarks Control Name: Functional Purpose Display Type Code Placement Code l Dimensions Coding Method 1. Quantitative Reading 4. Situation Awareness L x Wx D ~ x x (cm) Label Color Shape Redundancy 1. Visual 2. Auditory Remarks Date Model Flo. 9. Qualitative Reading, 1. Quantitative Readin, 4. Situation Awareness 5. Tracking | Sensing Modality Spacing L x W x D Label Color Shape I Visual I. Auditory x x (cm) l July , 1995 a. Check Reading 1. Visual 2. Auditory . ~ R x D Symbol Size ~- Location 0. Qualitative Reading 5. Tracking | Sensing Modality 1. Visual Spacing R x D l Svrnbol Size Location (cm) x (cm) 3. Check Reading . 2. Auditory (cm) x (cm) 1 1 F-5O

F-IV: Operating Requirements Sun es Analysis IV-3. Field Survey Analysis Result of Controls / Displays F-51

F-lV: Operating Requirements Survey Analysis 1- F-52 . fat . ~ I - ~ 1 cat "c .= c 3 ID

F-IV: Operating Requirements Survey Analysis - o cat ce

F-IV: Opc~ling Rcquircmcnls Sumac Analysis F-54 a= ~ - .; ~ 8 E : ~ = ~ : ~ = - ~ ~ ~ o ~ ~ : ~ ~ O . ~ ._ ~ _ > - o .~! ] E ~ - O ° o _ a; ~ E ; 0 = - = ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 5 = = ~ ~ ~ ha d ~ - i' .! = o .

F-IV: Operating Requirements Survey Analysis . 1 . O L . . . Cal 1 ~i' _ ,, L _ . Io Or ~ . _ . F-55

F-IV: Operating Requirements Survey Analysis d" - z - ~0 - 6 - - ._ Cat CD - 3 - & o CL - ~ ~, 4, Cal .> 4., o Cat X V1 ~ O C to o .,, qJ _ ~ . - al - Al ~ _ , C _ ^o - o CL to ._ _ ~ o In' _ Cat,-o ~ D O ~` .O O 4 C ~ C O O _ X , _ - ~ D 3 E oo ~ _ -o Z ·= ~ _ ~ ._ oo ~ X C ._ _ o ~ .. .. . . .: ~ ~ - c

F-IV: Operating Requirements Survey Analysis [V-4. Field Survey Result of Instrument Pane! Area F-57

F-IV: Operating Requirements S~r`'ey Analysis _ ~ 0 0 - . ., O .0 _ c ~ O O of 'A _ ~0 _ ; _ ct O O - ._ G O O O fit

V. Instrument Pane! Layout Optimization ~ so

F-V: Instrument Panel Layout Optimization Vat. Design Criteria of Pane! Layout F~O

F-V: Instrument Panel Layout Optimization Design Criteria of Instrument Panel Lavout Arranging the controls and displays with regard to the follwing five design criteria, (1) response time would be faster, (2) few errors would be made,and (3) user satisfaction would be enhanced. 1. Visibility The operator must be able to see all controls and displays while keeping the standard bus Wiving postures without abnormal movements of the operator's body. 2. Reach The operator must be able to reach all controls and displays while keeping the standard bus drivmg postures without abnormal movements of Me operator's body. 3. Compatibility Compatibility refers to the degree of consistent relationship between the placement or response of a system and user stereotypes (Bailey, 1989; Sanders & McCormick, 1993). Both controls and displays should be positioned where transit bus operators would expect. 4. Ease of Identification The operator must be able to identify an instrument or a group of instruments rapidly without making a mistake by grouping them according to operating sequence and functional similarity. 5. Compliance with Standardization The panel layout should be consistent with standards designated by ISO (Intemational Standardization Organization), FMVSS (Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards), and SAE (Society of Automotive Engineers) whenever they exist. F~1

F-V: lus1mmcnt Pancl Layout Optind~ation V-~- Operating Cbaracterbbcs of Controls / Displays Fag

F-V: Instrument Panel Layout Optimization i. ~ a, ~ ~ lo, O ~4 L ~0 - _ <~4 O .5 . .~ l

F-~: Instrument Panel Layout Optimization

F-V: Inslrun~ent Panel Layout Optimization 1 _ 1 TO Q0 e l - w ~ , Go ~ l O O ~ F~5

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F-V: lnstn~ment Panel Layout Optimization

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F-\r: Instrument Pastel Layout Optimization Spa UOIS51tUSUUJ 1!0 UO'SS'LUSU=1 mo~ ~J14 BUMP

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F-V: instrument Panel Lavout ODtimization . ~ ~ 1 i _ _ - ~5 . . cat ~ , ;~ v , _ . .~ c v - l c c L - - . ._ _ C - :1: - ~ U ou~d~!~ IOdIU~ alps me - S SS=pp~ 9!l Maw 3=H ADS Ala o~uo~ U°l~l!~' iC=UO~ =1~' 'OLSON 3=W!I~ SCAM L

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F-V: Instrument Panel Layout Optimization c v _ c c c. c ~ l c c, ~ _ ~ _ .= 4~ o cat - . ~0 . ca - - o as: . . , , _ , v . c - c' C - L a .e , c ._ c Ic=uo: mule lUG~IY~lY'~l~ . (:u,3~ I my) - IO~UO~ X~' lockup ~UUIU,3 elm '=:L^S uol~un~ J!eqol~u,,lr . o~u°3 U!1 ~l8~l - Nh ,00 1 uo J~e~l~h. =^o - ~ I=U~-I - u, as - ~ a - e ~UG~U~ 3~e SU! - d 3~'tA duuna ~lv ~oca spu=^O J°°C l |~UO~ Jooa ~} - (~8 / lU=~) l~uoD J°°C "u~ul~ toUed ~u~w~ tMs11 ~v S~^U< Sul~9l~ Jo - tU (~°~ I "dt~) dun~p" IcuS!S S~l~^ P~ (lU'st~ / U30 lcufi's UJn ~P~`d uolmu~uu '~lqS UolSSIUUSUUL Oll U10~1 ~IPI qS!H - sutSu ^o au'Su uo':lus uoung =1 19U'd Iq81- 3°~°PS un~ =:ny SA8lC~0 / ~ =~ -T i~ RTT~

F-V: l'~strument Panel Layout Optimization · · , -I I I i! I I I ! ~ I! 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 LI:L . ~ . L L -

F-V: Instn~ment Panel Layout Optimization

F-V: lustrumcm PanclLayoulCpEmizadon V-3e Instrument Placement AlgorUbm Development F-78

F-V: Instn~n~ent Panel Layout Optimization Instrument Placement Algorithm of Bus Workstation Panels I. Theoretical Background Each control and display on instrument panels needs to be placed in an optimum location to facilitate performance of bus operator's activities carried out in the workstation. This optimum location would be predicated on visual, anthropometric, and biomechanical characteristics- visibility, reach, and muscle contraction force. However, it is not feasible to place all instruments in the optimum operating area due to the limited space of the optimum viewing and reach zones. In order to optimally arrange the instruments in the limited panel area, operational characteristics of each instrument such as frequency-of-use, importance, functional similarity, sequence-of-use, user's stereotype, and standards are utilized in the panel layout design. Although these operational characteristics are effective to reflect their practical task requirements in the determination of instrument location. there are trade-offs between those characteristics. Thus, it is required to set priorities of those characteristics according to design phase. In general, there are two different but sequentially interrelated layout planning phases: overall layout and detail layout (Musher, 1973). In overall layout phase, the general location of instruments is roughly established, while the specific location of instruments within their general location is deterrn~ned in detail layout phase. In this study, three stepwise layout design phases are defined to apply six operational characteristics of transit bus instruments and a layout design algorithm is developed in conjunction with those layout design phases. F-79

F-V: Instn~ment Paw Layout Optimization 2. Instrument Placement Algorithm Phase i: Overall Layout Step i: Combined Ranking of Frequency-of-Use and Importance - Relative Weight of Frequency : 0.65 - Relative Weight of Importance: 0.35 Step 2: Ranking of Workspace Zones Phase 2: Intermediate Layout Step I: Apply Results of Bus Operators' Stereotypes Step 2: Apply Recommen~lations Phase 3: Detail Layout Step I: Apply Results of Functional Similarity Relationship - High Similar Ins~nents: Grouping Together Step 2: Apply Results of Sequence-of-Use Relationship - Place Instruments Left-to-Right or Top-to-Bottom or - Workspace Ranking for Control Placement - Workspace Ranking for Display Placement Step 3: Control & Display Placement - Assignment High-Ranked Display / Control to lIigh-Ranked Workspace Zone for Display / Control Placement Center-to-Outside Location according to Sequential Relationship F-80

F-V: Instrun~ent Panel Las out Optimization V-4. Optimized Instrument Pane! Layout At. F-81

F-V: Instrument Panel Layout Optimization ~ mew, , _ ~9 it, Dim ~~~ ''I 1~3 :3 i 9001 _ _O r L F-82 Hi ,~ i

F-V: instrument Panel Layout Optimization 1 ~ cite Dow Hoers it' ~ Ln~ent ~1 2e~ ~o' D ~Cam \ \~ W/C Power Fc~ox \ I I 1 1~1 ~ ~-~ ;'I I ~ 1 ~ ~ -~ em. ~ ~11~ ~ ~P . _: _~c -too _ 1 F-83

Lo Test F-V: Instrument Panel Layout Optimization _~S~ ,~, an 1 -r ~ No L1PH J ~ PSI k\\~5/ ~ / F~4 ;

Fed: Instn~ment Panel Layout Optimization l l ~- I:! tic-= ; ~~\ ^/~ , . `\ ' ~ ( (:2 ,) ! - it /C~ 'A I,?- Bent: ' i ~ ~ec~~ L ~r;ve~ Cl,mote | ~ I I '-"'- ~41 l in L i Lit Coach Drivers | l ~ H: r lie S-.crter. I| ~ ~ ~IL: ~BUD S~l,e=~r ~_ ; I 5~= _0 ~ 1 -t~r~er Come Chew! P. A ', - 'he Specie 1 M7rr~c ~I p~~~ Adjust I ~ Mart ~e-. ,~ ! I ~- A' Pro i 1:f:

~V: lam ~1 ~ ~imi~don V-5- Design Specification of Controls / Displays F-86

F-V: I~stn~ment Panel Las out Optimization

instrument Panel Layout Optimization F-88 ~0 - - - - . u, -~ E e ,, _ ~ 5 To 3 5 > _ 5 o C ~ ~ ~ C ~ Ig ~ a ~0 . ~ 8 o & c o 2 > ~ ~ o ~ ~ _ O e O lo a _ ~ . - o - g

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