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OCR for page 533
I. Test Methods
I.! Measurement Method
(Metrics/ Materials/ Apparatus/
Measurement Time Frame/ Data Sampling)
G-1
OCR for page 534
GO Test Methods
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OCR for page 535
GO Test Methods
I.2 Protocol
(Procedures/ Instructions/ Recording Sheet)
G-3
OCR for page 536
G-1: Test Methods
1. Summary of Testing Procedure and Instruction
Phase
Introduction
Testing Procedure / Instruction
.
1. Introduce a subject the prototype testing.
2. Ask the subject to sign an informed consent
fond.
3. Record the participant profile.
4. Measure a max. grip force of the subject using
the hand dynamometer three times; the interval
time between trials is at least 2 min. The
subject's right forearm and wrist should be in a
neutral position while sitting comfortably; the
subject's elbow should be flexed to 90 degrees;
the grip span of the hand dynamometer should
be set at 1.5 inch.
5. Measure a grip span of the subject using the
grip glider three times.
6. Attach visual marks on the subject.
1. Set the seat to the initial condition (the seat
should be placed all the way back and down).
9. Ask the subject to adjust the seat ensuring a
comfortable driving posture, a natural reach,
and a sufficient visibility.
3. Record the adjustments.
.
1. Ask the subject to hold the mid of steering
wheel at '9 and 3' (positions of a clock), and to
reach the reference points of LIP / accelerator /
brake pedal / floor mounted signals
sequentially.
2. Measure each posture and evaluate each reach
according to the reach rating table.
3. Ask the subject to evaluate the workstation
from 1 (undesirable) to 5 (excellent) in teens of
visibility, postural comfort, reach, and
adjustability.
4. Ask the subject to get in and out the
workstation three times and to evaluate the
workstation in terms of ingress/egress from 1 to
5.
5. Ask the subject to assess discomfort of each
body part in the workstation from 1
(uncomfortable) to 5 (very comfortable).
1. Set the components to the initial condition (the
seat should be placed all the way back and
down; the steering wheel should be at most
upright position; the LIP and RIP should be
placed all the way forward and down).
2. Ask the subject to adjust the workstation
components (seat / steering wheel / left
instrument panel / right instrument panel /
. mirrors) ensuring a comfortable driving posture.
.
Driving Testing
distance ~time (fur)
speed
0.3
Pre-driving
(standard
bus)
Pre-driving
(prototype)
adjusting
workstation
components
stitic driving
adjusting
workstation
components
GO
0.2
0.3
0.2
OCR for page 537
GO Test Methods
2. Prologue Testing P~i~
r ~-= ~
Section 0. Introduciion
T. Introduce a subject the prototype testing.
2. Ask the subject to sign an informed consent fop-.
3. Record the participant profile.
4. Measure a max. grip force of the subject using the hand dynamometer three times; the
interval time between trials is at least 2 min. The subject's right forearm and wrist
should be in a neutral position while sitting comfortably; the subject's elbow should be
flexed to 90 degrees; the grip span of the hand dynamometer should be set at ~ .5 inch.
5. Measure a grip span of the subject using the grip glider three times.
6. Attach visual marks on the subject.
G-5
OCR for page 538
G-I: Test Methods
Section I. Pre-driving (standard bus)
I. adjusting workstation components
1. Set the seat to the initial condition (the seat should be placed all the way back and
down).
2. Ask the subject to adjust the seat ensuring a comfortable driving posture, a natural
reach. and a sufficient visibility.
3. Record the adjustments.
Il. static driving
I. Ask the subject to hold the mid of steering wheel at '9 and 3' (positions of a clock),
and to reach the reference points of LIP / accelerator / brake pedal / floor mounted
signals sequentially.
2. Measure each posture and evaluate each reach according to the reach rating table.
3. Ask the subject to evaluate the workstation from i (undesirable) to 5 (excellent) in
terms of visibility, postural comfort, reach, and adjustability.
4. Ask the subject to get in and out the workstation three times and to evaluate the
workstation in teens of ingress/egress from ~ to 5.
5. Ask the subject to assess discomfort of each body part in the workstation from
(uncomfortable) to 5 (very comfortable).
GO
OCR for page 539
Gel: Test Methods
Section 2. Pre-d~riving (profotype)
I. adjusting workstation components
. Set the components to the initial condition (the seat should be placed all the way back
and down; the steering wheel should be at most upright position; the LIP and RIP
should be placed all the way forward and down).
2. Ask the subject to adjust the workstation components (seat / steering wheel / left
instrument pane} / right instrument panel / mirrors) ensuring a comfortable driving
posture, a natural reach, and a sufficient visibility.
3. Record the adjustments.
Il. static driving
. Measure the eye height of the subject, the horizontal distance of eye point from the
workstation origin, downward viewing angles with the visibility pole, and the field of
views of the left and right mirrors at the specified locations.
2. Ask the subject to hold the mid of steering wheel at '9 and 3' (positions of a clock),
and to reach the reference points of LIP / RIP / accelerator / brake pedal / floor mounted
signals sequentially.
3. Measure each posture and evaluate each reach according to the reach rating table.
4. Ask the subject to evaluate the workstation from 1 (undesirable) to 5 (excellent) in
terms of visibility, postural comfort, reach, and adjustability.
5. Ask the subject to assess discomfort of each body part in the workstation from
(uncomfortable) to 5 (very comfortable).
G-7
OCR for page 540
G-I: Test Methods
Section 3. Driving fiprototype
I. oval track driving
1. Ask the subject to grip the steering wheel with a maximum force and measure the grip
force using the FSR glove.
2. Attach accelerometers on the floor and the hip of the subject.
3. Explain the driving course layout.
4. Apply the safety belt.
5. Ask the subject to drive the oval track once around for familiarization.
6. Ask the subject to simulate the picking-up/depositing passenger tasks at the bus stop
C.179 through`643.
7. Videotape driving postures at the 2nd and 1 9th laps.
8. Collect accelerometer data at the 1 0th lap.
9. Ask the subject to assess discomfort of each body part in the workstation every ~ O laps
from 1 (uncomfortable) to 5 (very comfortable).
Il. lock-to-Iock driving
I. Ask the subject to drive the durability track.
2. Let the subject wear the FSR glove.
3. Videotape driving postures.
4. Collect grip force data using the FSR glove.
0-8
OCR for page 541
GO Test Methods
Section 4. Post-clriving (prolotype)
I. adiustin~ workstation components
~ ~ -=
I. Ask the subject to adjust the workstation components (seat / steering wheel / left
instrument pane! / right instrument pane! / mirrors) if necessary ensuring a comfortable
driving posture, a natural reach, and a sufficient visibility.
2. Record the adjustments.
Il. static driving
. Measure the eye height of the subject, the horizontal distance of eye point from the
workstation origin' downward viewing angles with the visibility pole, and the field of
views of the left and right mirrors at the specified locations.
2. Ask the subject to hold the mid of steering wheel at '9 and 3' (positions of a clock),
and to reach the reference points of LIP / RIP / accelerator / brake pedal / floor mounted
signals sequentially.
3. Measure each posture and evaluate each reach according to the reach rating table.
4. Ask the subject to evaluate the workstation from ~ (undesirable) to 5 (excellent' in
terms of visibility, postural comfort, reach. adjustability, strength requirement. nde
quality, and ease of use.
5. Ask the subject to get in and out the workstation three times and to evaluate the
workstation in terms of ingress/egress from ~ to 5.
6. Ask the subject to assess discomfort of each body part in the workstation from
(uncomfortable) to 5 (very comfortable).
IlI. open-end question
I. Ask the subject to give any comments or recommendations on the work station.
G-9
OCR for page 542
G-I: Test Methods
3. Ergonomic Bus Operator Workstation Prototype Test
Test Administrators:
Section 0. Participant Prof le
Name
Test Date:
Age: Gender: Male Female
Stature: cm Weight: Ibs.
Transit Company:
Years of Bus Driving Experience: yrs.
Present Vehicle Type & Model:
Handedness: Left Right
Max. Grip Strength: (1) Kg (2) Kg
Grip Span: ( I ) cm
(3) Kg
(2) cm (3) cm
G-lo
OCR for page 543
G-I: Test Methods
Section I. Pre-Driving (Stan card Bus)
I. Adjustments
Seat SRP hor. distance from W.O. cm
SRP height from floor cm
angle bwn seat-pan & seat-back deg.
seat-back angle _
Il. Objective Measurement
A. Posture
Joint Movement
APRP
(right leg)
un
pressed
BPRP
(right leg)
full
pressed
un
pressed
fil11
pressed
High
Beam
(left leg)
Steering
Wheel
(right
am)
LlPRP
(left arm)
shoulder extension (-) /
flexion (+)
elbow flexion (+)
hip flexion (+)
knee flexion (+)
ankle dorsal (-) / planter
(+) flexion
B. Reach
Reach Point | I | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5
Mid of Steering Wheel
LIPRP
Accelerator Pedal RP
Brake Pedal RP
~ High Beam Switch
C. Ingress / Egress
t: ~
__ 4_
.'' term '~~~~ ~~ . ~.....
G-11
OCR for page 684
Left Hip/Thigh
aRer 10 lass Of after 20 laps of after lOCk-tO-IOCk
oval track dOving oval track. dnvint driving
N 23 23 23
Average -0.7 -1 .1 -0.9
S.D. 2.2 ~2.8 3.7
Comfort
Right HiplThigh
after 10 laps Of
oval track driving
23
-0.8
2.3
. after 20 laps of
oval track driving
·
23
Comfort
after lock-to-lock 4.0
dnving
3.0
N
Average
S.D.
Len Knee
after 10 laps of after 20 laps of after lock-to-lock
oval track Driving oval track driving Ending
N 23 23 23
Average 0.0 0.1 0.0
S.D. 1 7 2.2 2.3
Comfort
4 0
3.0
G-II.4: Postural Comfort
2. Cumulative Body Comfort Level Change - Prototype Bus (Continued)
Cumulative Body Comfort Change - Left Hip/Thigh
4 0
3 0
2.0
1.0 -
0.0
1 o aRer 1 Haps of aRer 20 laps of after loc3-to-lock
oval track driving oval trap driving driving
-2.0 -
-3.0 -
4.0
Discomton
Test Session
Cumulative Body Comfort Change - Right Hip/Thigh
1 .o -
o.o
1.0 aner 1 flaps of after 20 laps of aRer lock-to-lock
oval track dnv~ng oval trap driving driving
-2.0 - ~
-3.0 -
^.0
DiscomtoQ
Test Session
Cumulative Body Comfort Change - Left Knee
1.o
o.o
1 o aRer 1 Haps of after 2~,1aps of after lock-to-lock
oval Pack dnving oval track driving driving
-2 0
-3.0 -
4.0 -
DiscomtoQ
Test Session
G-152
OCR for page 685
Right Knee
after 10 laps of after 20 laps of after lock-to-lock
oval track driving oval track driving driving
N 23 23 23
Average -0.8 -0.9 -0.9
S. D. 2.4 2.7 2.8
Left Ankle/Foot
after ~ O laps of after 20 laps of after lock-to-lock
_ oval track driving ovi'! tack dr v ng driving
23 2 3 23
S D 0 2 0.2 1 4
Right AnklelFoot
after 10 laps of after 20 laps of after lock-to-lock
oval track driving oval track doping Unv~ng
Ave age 23 -0 8 22
S.D. _~ 2.4 2.4
Comton
Discomfort
Comfon
G-II.4: Postural Con~fo~t
2. Cumulative Body Comfort Level Change - Prototype Bus (Continued)
Cumulative Body Comfort Change - Right Knee
4.0 _
3.0 _
~ 2.0 -
c
(~) 1.0
> 0.0
-1 o aRer 1161aps of aRer 29~1aps of aRer loql-to-lock
° oval trade driving oval track driving doming
E -2.0 - ~ _
-3.0
4.0-
Discomfort
Test Session
Cumulative Body Comfort Change - Left Ankle/Foot
4.0
3.0 ~
2.0
1.0
0.0
-2.0
-3.0 -
4.0
.
1.0 aRer 10 laps of after 20 laps of aRer lock-to-lock
oval track diving oval track driving ding
Test Session
Comfon
Cumulative Body Comfort Change - Right Ankle/Foot
4.0
3.0
2.0
-
J
-1 .0
o
1.0
0.0
-2.0
-3.0
4.0
Discomlon
-
-
-
aRer 1.1aps of after 2~1aps of aRer loc'l-to-lock
oval tram ding oval track driving among
Test Session
G-153
-
OCR for page 686
G-II.4: Postural Condor
3. ANOVA Results on Bow Part Comfort I,eve! Changes in Prototype Workstation
SourceAdjusted SS DF Adjusted MS F P
a_ .
Stature 39.8 219.9 9.72 0.000
Body Part 19.4 141.4 0.68 0.800
Test Session 23.2 211.6 5.67 0.004
Stature x Body Part 14.3 28 0.5 0.25 1.000
Stature x Test Session 45.3 4 11.3 5.54 0.000
Joint x Test Session 34.5 28 1.2 0.60 0.949
Stature x Body Part x Test Session 48.6 56 0.9 0.42 1.000
Error 1842.2 900 2.0
Total 2067.4 1034
G-154
OCR for page 687
G-II.~: Postural Comfort
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OCR for page 688
OCR for page 690
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OCR for page 693
OCR for page 694
Representative terms from entire chapter:
joint movement
G-I1.4: Postural Co~nfort
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II.5 Grip Force
G-157
2. ANOVA Results on Grip Force Data
2.1 Analysis of Variance on Max. Grip Force
Source SS DF MS F P
Gender439.71 1439.71 10.24 0.006
Stature Group8.86 24.43 0.10 0.903
Transit Bus Driving Expenence97.55 248.77 1.14 0.347
Error644.16 1542.94
Total1190.28 20
2.2 Analysis of Variance on Grip Force Exerted Using RMS Data
OF MS FP
Gend~6.38 1 6.38 0.80 0.385
Stature Group4.86 2 2.43 0.31 0.742
Transit Bus Driving Experience4.17 2 2.09 0.26 0.773
Error119.46 1 5 7.96
Total134.87 20
2.3 Analysis of Variance on Grip Force Exerted Using "Impulse" Data
SourceSS DF MS F P
..
1 12.03 4.04 0.063
Stature Group13.64 2 6.82 2.29 0.135
Transit Bus Driving Experience1.58 2 0.79 0.26 0.771
Error44.60 15 2.97
Total71.85 20
G-158
3. Correlation Analysis Results on Grip Force Data
_
Grip Force Exerted Grip Force Exerted
. ~Using RMS data ~Using "Impulse" Data
Max. Grip Force 0.285 0.375
(p = 0.210) ~(p = 0.094)
G-159
II.6 Ride Quality
G-160
Il.7 Comments and Recommendations
G-161
1. Test Results of Comments & Recommendations on Prototype Bus
Mo: Initials | Comments and Recommendations l
1 RXE
hanging pedal and small steering wheel
2 JXB 1. needs more spacing between LIP and RIP for more knee clearance; 2. Iikes small steering wheel hanging pedal and RIP
layout; 3. comfortable workstation
1. needs steering hub tilt since the subject was used to flatter steering wheel angle; 2. Iikes treadle pedal better than hanging
3 PKM pedal; 3. Iikes size of steering wheel; 4. safety factor with door open control - some kid could reach and open it
4 JXO 1. Iikes RIP layout; 2. treadle pedal needs foot travels between brake and accelerator pedals instead of pivoting around right
heel; 3. Iikes size and padding of steering wheel; 4. no stretch in the workstation
_ 1. Iikes RIP layout (hazard and door control locations) - fast and easy control; 2. the subject would like a 'cushioned' seat with
5 ~XB all air out in a lowest position; 3. rel
6 PEC problem for downward view
7
controls; 3. Iikes the stop announcement of the talking bus
8 JTB 1. beautiful workstation
_
9 BEM 1. farebox height and/or location obstructs too much. it needs to move farebox toward the driver so it doesn't block the filed of
vision; 2. Iikes adjustability of the workstation; 3. Iikes the steering wheel; 4. the hanging pedal angle is a lot better
than that of conventional bus
10 KJM
11 RAS = = the steering wheel; 3. the
farebox creates a blind spot
12 SCR
way. we have to push them with a whole leg
1. the plate area of accelerator pedal is too small; 2. needs too much force to press the pedals; 3. pedal separation is too
13 DC8 close together; 4. Iikes a bigger steering wheel; S. Iikes the seat; 6. the angle of steering column obstructs visibility of PIP
at certain angles; 7. the subject would rather make an announcement by himself than using the play message of the talking
bus
14 ALD 1. the operation of the play message button of talking bus requires taking eyes off from road. it could be moved closer in.
RLH 1. high force is required on accelerator and brake pedals; 2. the subject didn't like the angle of the pedals because of high
15 sitting position. his posture is more suited to flatter pedals; 3. Iikes four-way flasher on LIP but locating it on RIP was not
a bad idea; 4. the subject didn't like air seat unless it is stiff- didn't like bouncing of seat; 5. a bigger steering wheel might be
better- 20 inch maybe
16 WAM
likes having J-handle type of control for doors like the old way; 3. the subject didn't like separate switches for the two
doors; 4. Iikes the seat
17 PEW 1. Iikes turn signals on floor; 2. the accelerator pedal was a little hard to press; 3. Iikes hanging brake pedal since he can get
more foot pressure
18 MOW 1. pedal size is not big enough to find easily; 2. accelerator pedal requires too much force; 3. LIP is too close - make it thinne
and longer to allow more clearance; 4. RIP is too close in towards the driver laterally; S. Iikes the seat; 6. Iikes
the steering wheel tilt; 7. put the door open switch next to four way flasher; 8. Iikes two-piece mirror with a convex mirror
below flat mirror
19 MAC 1. the brake pedal needs to move away from the steering wheel column; 2. prefers ODA controls to farebox controls
_
20 KAK 1. farebox obstructs visibility - moves it back towards rear of bus; 2. Iikes RIP layout; 3. Iikes steering wheel; 4. suggested
convex mirrors under plane mirrors
l | RA |1. LIP needs o move away laterally for more clearance of leR leg; 2. Iikes RIP layout with frequently user] controls together
22 CAM 1. accelerator pedal is difficult to press - high force requirement
1. instrument layout is excellent - made it easier to concentrate on the job; 2. Iikes hanging pedals - places more strain on hip
23 NRK instead of ankles and more strength capability of hip
I A; ~ |1. the spoke. If the steering wheel were obstructing the gauges; 2. Iikes the no-bounce (stability) of seat; 3. Iikes the steering
wheel adjustment: 4. more leg clearance is needed to LIP
G-162
