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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1999. Defense Manufacturing in 2010 and Beyond: Meeting the Changing Needs of National Defense. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6373.
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Defense Manufacturing in 2010 and Beyond

Meeting the Changing Needs of National Defense

Committee on Defense Manufacturing in 2010 and Beyond

Board on Manufacturing and Engineering Design

Commission on Engineering and Technical Systems

National Research Council

NATIONAL ACADEMY PRESS
Washington, D.C.
1999

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1999. Defense Manufacturing in 2010 and Beyond: Meeting the Changing Needs of National Defense. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6373.
×

NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competencies and with regard for appropriate balance.

The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society of distinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. Upon the authority of the charter granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on scientific and technical matters. Dr. Bruce Alberts is president of the National Academy of Sciences.

The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engineers. It is autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its members, sharing with the National Academy of Sciences the responsibility for advising the federal government. The National Academy of Engineering also sponsors engineering programs aimed at meeting national needs, encourages education and research, and recognizes the superior achievements of engineers. Dr. William Wulf is president of the National Academy of Engineering.

The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to secure the services of eminent members of appropriate professions in the examination of policy matters pertaining to the health of the public. The Institute acts under the responsibility given to the National Academy of Sciences by its congressional charter to be an advisor to the federal government and, upon its own initiative, to identify issues of medical care, research, and education. Dr. Kenneth I. Shine is president of the Institute of Medicine.

The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy's purposes of furthering knowledge and advising the federal government. Functioning in accordance with general policies determined by the Academy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in providing services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. The Council is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Bruce Alberts and Dr. William Wulf are chair and vice chair, respectively, of the National Research Council.

This study by the Board on Manufacturing and Engineering Design was conducted under contract no. N00014-96-D-0301 (Task Order 02) with the U.S. Air Force, the U.S. Army, the U.S. Navy, and the Defense Logistics Agency. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the view of the organizations or agencies that provided support for the project.

Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 99-60164

International Standard Book Number 0-309-06376-0

Available in limited supply from:

Board on Manufacturing and Engineering Design

2101 Constitution Avenue, NW

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email: bmaed@nas.edu

Additional copies are available for sale from:
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Box 285 2101 Constitution Avenue, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20055 800-624-6242 202-334-3313 (in the Washington, D.C. metropolitan area) http://www.nap.edu

Copyright 1999 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.

Printed in the United States of America.

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1999. Defense Manufacturing in 2010 and Beyond: Meeting the Changing Needs of National Defense. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6373.
×

Committee on Defense Manufacturing in 2010 and Beyond

ALTON D. SLAY (chair),

Slay Enterprises, Inc., Warrenton, Virginia

HENRY ALBERTS,

Defense Systems Management College, Fort Belvoir, Virginia

ROBERT F. BESCHER,

Pratt & Whitney, West Palm Beach, Florida

WILLIAM GIBBS,

Electric Boat Corporation, Groton, Connecticut

WESLEY L. HARRIS,

Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge

DAVID LANDO,

Lucent Technologies, Murray Hill, New Jersey

ARIS MELISSARATOS,

Westinghouse Electric Company, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

FREDERICK J. MICHEL,

NGM Knowledge Systems, Alexandria, Virginia

J. DAVID MITCHELL,

Rockwell International

(retired),

Grand Junction, Colorado

DEBORAH S. NIGHTINGALE,

Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge

DEAN RHOADS,

Merrill Lynch, New York, New York

RICHARD SEUBERT,

The Boeing Company, Seattle, Washington

Board on Manufacturing and Engineering Design Staff

ROBERT M. RUSNAK, Senior Program Officer

BONNIE A. SCARBOROUGH, Program Officer

THOMAS E. MUNNS, Associate Director

AIDA C. NEEL, Senior Project Assistant

CHARLES HACH, Program Officer

LOIS LOBO, Research Associate

Board on Manufacturing and Engineering Design Liaison

DOROTHY COMASSAR,

GE Aircraft Engines, Cincinnati, Ohio

Government Liaisons

LEO PLONSKY,

Office of Naval Research, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

GERALD SHUMAKER,

Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio

CHARLES E. STUART,

U.S. Department of Energy, Washington, D.C.

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1999. Defense Manufacturing in 2010 and Beyond: Meeting the Changing Needs of National Defense. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6373.
×

Board on Manufacturing and Engineering Design

F. STAN SETTLES (chair),

University of Southern California, Los Angeles

ERNEST R. BLOOD,

Caterpillar, Inc., Mossville, Illinois

JOHN BOLLINGER,

University of Wisconsin, Madison

JOHN CHIPMAN,

University of Minnesota, Minneapolis

DOROTHY COMASSAR,

GE Aircraft Engines, Cincinnati, Ohio

ROBERT A. DAVIS,

The Boeing Company, Seattle, Washington

GARY L. DENMAN,

GRC International, Inc., Vienna, Virginia

ROBERT EAGAN,

Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico

MARGARET A. EASTWOOD,

Motorola, Inc., Schaumburg, Illinois

EDITH M. FLANIGEN,

UOP

(retired),

White Plains, New York

JOHN W. GILLESPIE,

University of Delaware, Newark

JAMIE C. HSU,

General Motors, Warren, Michigan

RICHARD L. KEGG,

Milacron, Inc., Cincinnati, Ohio

JAMES MATTICE,

Universal Technology Corporation, Dayton, Ohio

CAROLYN W. MEYERS,

North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro

FRIEDRICH B. PRINZ,

Stanford University, Palo Alto, California

DALIBOR F. VRSALOVIC,

AT&T Laboratories, Menlo Park, California

JOSEPH WIRTH,

RayChem Corp.

(retired),

Los Altos, California

JOEL S. YUDKEN,

AFL-CIO, Washington, D.C.

RICHARD CHAIT, Director

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1999. Defense Manufacturing in 2010 and Beyond: Meeting the Changing Needs of National Defense. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6373.
×

Acknowledgments

The Committee on Defense Manufacturing in 2010 and Beyond would like to thank the following individuals for their presentations: John H. Bradham, South Carolina Research Authority; Lt. Col. Nina Brokaw, Defense Systems Management College; Todd Carrico, Advanced Research Program Agency; Andrew Dallas, Maritech; John A. DeCaire, National Center for Manufacturing Sciences; Sy Deitchman, U.S. Navy and Marine Corps; Gerald E. Ennis, The Boeing Company; Col. James Feigley, U.S. Marine Corps; Brig. Gen. Harry D. Gatanas, U.S. Army; Steven L. Goldman, Lehigh University; Beryl A. Harman, Defense Systems Management College; Robert Kiggans, Advanced Technology Institute; Lt. Col. Michael B. Leahy, Jr., U.S. Air Force; Steve Linder, Office of Naval Research; Lt. Gen. Les C. Lyles, U.S. Air Force; Don Meadows, Lockheed Martin; Michael McGrath, Department of Defense; John Phillips, AlliedSignal Aerospace Services; Al Pruden, Jr., Lockheed-Martin; Herin M. Reininga, Rockwell International; Col. William F. Scott, Naval Aviation Depot, Marine Corps Air Station; L. Albert West, Sandia National Laboratories; Lt. Col. Earl Wyatt, U.S. Air Force.

This report has been reviewed by individuals chosen for their diverse perspectives and technical expertise, in accordance with procedures approved by the NRC's Report Review Committee. The purpose of this independent review is to provide candid and critical comments that will assist the authors and the NRC in making the published report as sound as possible and to ensure that the report meets the institutional standards for objectivity, evidence, and responsiveness to the study charge. The content of the review comments and draft manuscript remain confidential to protect the integrity of the deliberative process. We wish to

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1999. Defense Manufacturing in 2010 and Beyond: Meeting the Changing Needs of National Defense. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6373.
×

thank the following individuals for their participation in the review of this report: Larry Cruzen, Cruzen Technologies, Inc.; Gary L. Denman, GRC International; James A. Jordan, Jr., consultant; Pradeep K. Khosla, Carnegie-Mellon University; Charles Lillie, Science Applications International Corp.; Herm M. Reininga, Rockwell International; Peter Sferro, Ford Motor Company; James Solberg, Purdue University; and Gen. William G.T. Tuttle, Jr., Logistics Management Institute.

Finally, the committee gratefully acknowledges the support of the staff of the Board on Manufacturing and Engineering Design, including Bob Rusnak, study director until October 1998, and Bonnie Scarborough and Tom Munns, who took over as study directors after October 1998. In addition, the work of the committee was greatly aided by Aida Neel, Charlie Hach, and Lois Lobo.

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1999. Defense Manufacturing in 2010 and Beyond: Meeting the Changing Needs of National Defense. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6373.
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Page viii Cite
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1999. Defense Manufacturing in 2010 and Beyond: Meeting the Changing Needs of National Defense. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6373.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1999. Defense Manufacturing in 2010 and Beyond: Meeting the Changing Needs of National Defense. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6373.
×

Tables and Figures

TABLES

1-1

 

Pressures and Opportunities for Defense Manufacturing

 

14

2-1

 

Required Defense Manufacturing Capabilities Based on the Defense Technology Area Plan

 

39

2-2

 

Broad Categories of Required Defense Manufacturing Capabilities

 

44

3-1

 

Commercial Manufacturing Advances and their Elements

 

49

3-2

 

Defense Manufacturing Challenges Supported by Commercial Advances

 

71

FIGURES

1-1

 

Defense budgets from 1962 to 2002

 

9

1-2

 

Consolidation of the U.S. defense manufacturing industry from 1985 to 1995

 

9

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1999. Defense Manufacturing in 2010 and Beyond: Meeting the Changing Needs of National Defense. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6373.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1999. Defense Manufacturing in 2010 and Beyond: Meeting the Changing Needs of National Defense. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6373.
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Acronyms and Abbreviations


ADA

software programming language (U.S. Department of Defense)


CAD

computer-aided design

CAM

computer-aided manufacturing

CAIV

cost as an independent variable

COTS

commercial, off-the-shelf (products)


DOD

U.S. Department of Defense

DTAP

Defense Technology Area Plan


FLIR

forward-looking infrared (sensors)


g

gravity

GNC

generative numerical control

GOCO

government-owned, contract-operated


HM&E

hull, mechanical, and electrical

HSM

high-speed machining


IPPD

integrated product and process development

IRST

infrared search and track (sensors)


LCD

liquid crystal display

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1999. Defense Manufacturing in 2010 and Beyond: Meeting the Changing Needs of National Defense. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6373.
×

ManTech

Manufacturing Technology Program

MLRS

multiple launch rocket system

MMIC

monolithic microwave integrated circuit


NDI

nondestructive inspection


RDT&E

research, development, test, and evaluation


SALT II

Strategic Arms Limitation Talks II


TOW

tube-launched, optically-tracked, wire-guided (missile)


VSA

variation simulation analysis

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1999. Defense Manufacturing in 2010 and Beyond: Meeting the Changing Needs of National Defense. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6373.
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The end of the Cold War, the evolving mission of the U.S. Armed Services, the dramatic improvements in commercial manufacturing—these and other trends are changing how we provide for the common defense. What will we need in the way of defense manufacturing in the year 2010—a short few years away? How should we best spend our defense funds?

Defense Manufacturing in 2010 and Beyond sets forth a vision for the nation's defense manufacturing, including policies, technologies, systems, processes, practices, and financial implications. Eight specific trends are forecast—defense spending, the relationship between defense and commerical industries, the nature of the threat to our nation, the emergence of new technologies, and other areas—and their implications for defense manufacturing are explored.

The committee describes manufacturing advancements that are around the corner—virtual enterprise, and more—and examines how these breakthroughs will likely meet or fail to meet defense manufacturing requirements. This expert panel identifies the highest priorities and recommends strategies for matching future manufacturing capabilities with our defense needs. February

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