Index
A
Abortion, 270
health effects of, Institute of Medicine study, 67-69, 71
unintended pregnancy issues, Institute of Medicine study, 256-258
See also Roe v. Wade
Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). See HIV/AIDS
ADAMHA. See Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration (ADAMHA)
Ad Hoc Committee on Medical Malpractice, 109, 110
Ad Hoc Panel on Further Institutional Forms for the Board on Medicine , 24, 26
Africa
AIDS epidemiology in international context, workshop, 226
Central Africa AIDS mortality, 226
women's morbidity and mortality, Institute of Medicine study, 187 188
African Americans
Board on Medicine membership, 12, 13
Aged and aging
airline pilot age, Institute of Medicine study, 138-139
See also Nursing homes
Agency for International Development (AID), 117, 120, 187, 226
Agent Orange
Vietnam veterans health effects, Institute of Medicine studies, 202 -203, 254-256
See also Chemical warfare;
Herbicides
AID. See Agency for International Development (AID)
AIDS. See HIV/AIDS
AIDS Amendments of 1988, 232
AIDS and Behavior, 243
AIDS Oversight Committee, 224, 227-230, 237, 243
Institute of Medicine AIDS activities, 232-237
National Institutes of Health AIDS programs review, 233-235
Roundtable for the Development of Drugs and Vaccines Against AIDS, 235-236
See also Confronting AIDS;
Confronting AIDS: Update 1988
The AIDS Research Program of the National Institutes of Health, 234
Aiken, Linda, 139
Airline pilot age, Institute of Medicine study, 138-139
Alberts, Bruce, 268
Alcohol abuse and treatment
AIDS research, substance abuse and mental health issues, Institute of Medicine report, 242-243
See also Drug abuse and treatment
Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration (ADAMHA), 117
AIDS research program, Institute of Medicine study, 237, 242-243
See also Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration
ALS. See Assembly of Life Sciences (ALS)
Altman, Stuart, 101, 139, 165, 227, 230, 243, 265
AMA. See American Medical Association (AMA)
American Board of Internal Medicine, 181
American Broadcasting Company (ABC), 223
American Cancer Society, 60
American College of Physicians, 29, 165, 166
American Enterprise Institute, 166
American Heart Association, 16, 250
American Medical Association (AMA), 2, 4, 12, 15, 64, 165, 188, 273 -274
American Red Cross, 237
Analgesics
Reye's syndrome relationship, Institute of Medicine reports, 194
See also Drugs and drug industry
Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, 78-79, 126, 152, 165, 172, 181-182, 183
Armed forces. See Military personnel;
Veterans
Ashe, Arthur, 238
Aspirin. See Analgesics
Assembly of Life Sciences (ALS), 147, 148
See also Commission on Life Sciences (CLS)
Assessing Genetic Risks, 259
Association of American Medical Colleges, 2, 37, 74, 87, 166, 250, 269, 274
Association of Program Directors in Internal Medicine, 201
Axelrod, David, 197
B
Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985, 219
Ball, Robert M., 69, 81, 206, 254
Baltimore, David, 215, 217, 218, 219, 220, 222, 223, 225, 226, 227 , 231, 233
Banta, David, 82
Barnard, Christian, 16
Barry, David W., 225
Bateman, Mildred M., 67
Bazell, Robert, 223
Bazelon, David, 137
Bedrosian, John, 152
Beeson, Paul B., 54
Behrman, Richard E., 156
Bell, Daniel, 12
Bennett, Ivan L., Jr., 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 21, 33, 36, 37, 52, 54
Berzon, Richard, 235.
Bevan, William, 169
Birth control. See Family planning
Birthweight
low birthweight, Institute of Medicine study, 156-158, 173, 263
pregnancy (unintended) issues, Institute of Medicine study, 256-267
See also Maternity
Blaxall, Martha, 68
Blood and blood products
AIDS transmission through blood supply, Institute of Medicine study , 237-241
Blood diseases and disorders
hemophiliacs AIDS contraction, Institute of Medicine study, 237-241
Blood Safety Committee, 241
See also Centers for Disease Control (CDC);
Committee on HIV and the Blood Supply;
Food and Drug Administration (FDA);
National Institutes of Health (NIH)
Blue Cross Association, 113
Board on Health Care Services, 190
See also Division of Health Care Services
Board on Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, 149-150
See also Division of Health Promotion and Disease Prevention
Board on Health Sciences Policy, 180-181, 188, 261
See also Division of Health Sciences Policy
Board on International Health, 187
See also Division of International Health
Board on Medicine, 2, 33-38, 42, 50, 52, 53, 56, 60, 61, 62 63, 64 , 66, 76, 78, 103, 114, 134, 145, 152, 172, 173, 186, 190, 203, 205 , 223, 268, 269
business of, 20-23
creation of, 8-16
heart transplant statement, 16-20
Institute of Medicine proposal, 38-41
membership of, 13
National Academy of Medicine debate, 23-28
See also Ad Hoc Panel on Further Institutional Forms for the Board on Medicine
Boffey, Philip, 222
Bond, Enriqueta, 142, 157, 158, 167, 189, 191-192, 194, 213, 250
Bondurant, Stuart, 167, 206-207, 249-250
Bourne, Peter, 116
Bowen, Otis, 139
Breast feeding
nutrition during, Institute of Medicine report, 262-263
See also Maternity
Breslow, Lester, 197
Brigham and Women's Hospital, 19
Brodie, H. Keith H., 242
Brokaw, Tom, 223
Brookings Institution, 11, 13, 75, 103, 165, 166
Brooks, Harvey, 7
Brown, Larry, 165
Bryant, John, 116
Budget Subcommittee, Institute of Medicine, 162
Bulger, Roger J., 50, 58, 65, 76, 86, 87, 88, 96, 98, 101, 106, 152 , 166, 191-192, 249, 250-251
Burwell, E. Langdon, 165
Bush, Barbara, 233
Bush, George, 196, 206, 232, 233, 273
Butler, Robert, 169
C
Calabresi, Guido, 110
Califano, Joseph, 18, 95, 114, 115, 118, 122, 123, 124, 125, 148, 206
Callahan, Daniel, 80
Campbell, Thomas E., 142
Canada
AIDS epidemiology in international context, workshop, 226
Cancer
Vietnam veterans herbicide exposure, studies, 202-203
Cannan, Keith, 12
Capron, Alexander, 204
Cardiovascular diseases and disorders
heart transplant statement of Board on Medicine, 16-20
Carnegie Corporation, 10, 21, 66, 137, 181-182, 184, 193
Carter, Jimmy, 88, 95, 98, 113-114, 116, 123, 124, 128, 129, 146, 148, 150, 166, 169, 173, 194, 254, 270-271
Caulkins, David, 165-166
"CBS Morning News,";157
CDC. See Centers for Disease Control (CDC);
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
Center for the Study of Moral Order, 69
Centers for Disease Control (CDC), 202-203, 212-213, 215, 216, 220 , 231, 238, 241, 244, 272
See also Blood Safety Committee
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 259
Selected Cancers Study, 202
Challoner, David, 204
Charles H. Revson Foundation, 126
Chemical warfare
herbicides in Vietnam War, health effects, Institute of Medicine studies, 202-203, 254-256
See also Agent Orange;
Herbicides
Cherkasky, Martin, 73
Child, Charles G., III, 13, 54
Chin, James, 223
Cigarettes. See Tobacco products and use
Cleveland Foundation, 5
Clinton, Bill, 199, 249, 264, 265, 266
See also Health Security Plan
Clinton, Hillary, 266
CLS. See Commission on Life Sciences (CLS)
Cluff, Leighton, 228-229
Cohen, Barbara, 110
Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, 204
Commission on the Evaluation of Pain, 200-201
Commission on Health, Science, and Society, 22
Commission on Life Sciences (CLS), 147, 148, 185-186, 204
See also Assembly of Life Sciences (ALS)
Commission on Medical Malpractice, 109
Committee of Ten Thousand, 239
Committee on a National Strategy for AIDS, 216
See also Confronting AIDS
Committee on Clinical Evaluation, 189
Committee on Economic Development, 103
Committee on Energy and Commerce. See House Committee on Energy and Commerce;
House Subcommittee on Health and Environment
Committee on Epidemiology and Veterans Follow-Up Studies, 186, 262
Committee on Health Objectives for the Year 2000, 194-198
Committee on HIV and the Blood Supply, 241
See also Blood Safety Committee
Committee on Substance Abuse and Mental Health Issues, 242-243, 244
Commonwealth Fund, 8, 10, 20, 21, 41, 42, 52, 55, 78, 79, 128, 156 , 161, 163, 164, 165, 181-182, 183
Comprehensive Health Manpower Training Act of 1971, 71
Computed tomography (CT)
Institute of Medicine study, 95, 113, 114
Computer-Based Patient Record Institute, 199
Computer-Based Patient Record, 198
Comroe, Julius H., Jr., 5, 13, 14, 16, 22, 23, 24, 26, 28, 31, 33, 35, 36, 38, 52, 54, 84
Conference on Combining Psychosocial and Drug Therapy, 118
Conference on Infants at Risk for Developmental Dysfunction, 118
Conference on Promoting Drug Development Against AIDS and HIV Infection , 224-225
Confronting AIDS, 215, 220-224, 228, 229, 236, 243, 263
See also Committee on a National Strategy for AIDS
Confronting AIDS: Update 1988, 227, 229, 230-231, 236, 243, 263
See also AIDS Oversight Committee
Conn, Jerome W., 54
Constantine, Jay, 101-102
Contraception. See Family planning
Cooper, Theodore, 106, 111, 114, 134, 151, 162, 227, 229
Council, Institute of Medicine, 58, 59, 67, 75, 77, 80, 83, 84, 87 , 96, 97, 98, 100, 101, 103, 104, 105, 107, 115, 116, 121, 124, 126 , 127, 128, 129, 134, 135, 136, 138, 145, 146, 147, 159, 150, 151, 155, 163, 167, 169, 170, 171, 172, 181, 183, 186, 191, 204, 205, 212, 213, 224, 228, 249, 263, 265, 267, 268, 270
Council, National Academy of Sciences, 171, 215, 268
Council on Health Care Technology, 189-190
See also Medical Technology Assessment Directory
Council on Health Services Research, 150
Cranford, Louis, 192
Cronkhite, Leonard, 141
Cross, Harold, 113
CT. See Computed tomography (CT)
D
Dana Foundation, 182
Danforth, William, 80, 135, 136, 146, 234
Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Stanford student kidnapping, David Hamburg negotiations, 96
Democratic Party, 24, 85, 101, 114, 123, 134, 150, 151, 155, 158, 159, 166, 238, 250
Dentistry
Institute of Medicine study on dental care, 121-124
Department of Defense (DoD), 140, 141, 220, 255, 272
See also Military personnel
Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), 150, 155, 160, 216, 233, 238, 241
Assistant Secretary for Health, 212, 227, 228, 241
Blood Safety Director, 241
Health Science Board proposal, 155
Secretary of Health and Human Services, 154, 155, 196, 206, 232, 238, 241, 249
Department of Health, Education, and Welfare (HEW), 5, 18, 64, 80, 95, 101, 108, 111, 112, 114, 120, 122, 123, 125-126
Assistant Secretary of Health, 85, 115, 121, 123, 134, 135, 150, 155, 166
See also Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration (ADAMHA);
Commission on Medical Malpractice;
National Center for Health Services Research and Development;
National Institute of Mental Health;
National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism;
National Institute on Drug Abuse;
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration
Department of State. See Office of International Scientific Affairs
Department of Veterans Affairs, 232, 255
Derzon, Robert, 149, 160, 162, 167
Detmer, Don, 198
Diagnosis-related groups (DRGs) AIDS and, 219
Dialysis, kidney, 69
Diet
health and, Institute of Medicine reports, 262-263
See also Nutrition
Disabilities pain and, Institute of Medicine study, 200-201, 203
Discrimination
HIV/AIDS and, 230
Division of Biobehavioral. Sciences and Mental Disorders, 252
See also Division of Neuroscience and Behavioral Health
Division of Health Care Services, 105, 139-140, 159, 250, 251, 266
See also Board on Health Care Services
Division of Health Manpower and Resources Development, 105
Division of Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, 105, 157, 191 , 237, 239, 253-254, 256
See also Board on Health Promotion and Disease Prevention
Division of Health Sciences Policy, 138-139, 148, 258, 259, 260, 261
marijuana health effects study, 142-144
See also Board on Health Sciences Policy
Division of Health Sciences Research, 105
Division of International Health, 105, 116, 216, 225, 237, 262
International Forum for AIDS Research proposal, 237
See also Board on International Health
Division of Medical Sciences, 9, 12, 30, 63, 142, 146-147, 148
Division of Mental Health and Behavioral Medicine, 105, 106
Division of Neuroscience and Behavioral Health, 252
See also Division of Biobehavioral Sciences and Mental Disorders
DoD. See Department of Defense (DoD)
Douglass, Chester W., 121, 122
Dowdle, Walter, 217
DRGs. See Diagnosis-related groups (DRGs)
Drug abuse and treatment
AIDS research, substance abuse and mental health issues, Institute of Medicine report, 242-243
See also Alcohol abuse and treatment;
Intravenous (IV) drug users;
Marijuana
Drug reactions
swine flue vaccine reactions, 111, 113
Drugs and drug industry
AIDS drug development, conference, 224-225
AIDS drug development roundtable, 235-236
See also Analgesics;
Drug abuse and treatment
E
Ebert, James, 146, 154, 155, 163
Ebert Report
organization of National Research Council, 145-148, 168, 185
Ebert, Robert, 162, 163, 164, 212
Education. See Graduate medical education (GME);
Medical education
Educational finance
medical education costs, Institute of Medicine study, 71-75
Eisdorfer, Carl, 119
Ellwood, Paul, 152
Emerging Infections, 258-259
End-stage renal disease (ESRD), 69, 71
Entitlement programs
entitlement and health contrasts, Institute of Medicine study, 63 67
See also Health insurance;
Medicaid;
Medicare;
Social Security
Epidemiology
AIDS epidemiology in international context, workshop, 225-226
ESRD. See End-stage renal disease (ESRD)
Estabrook, Ronald W., 170
Ethics
genetic testing and, Institute of Medicine study, 259-260
women and, health research issues, Institute of Medicine study, 260
An Evaluation of Poliomyelitis Vaccine Policy Options, 192
Evans, Eli, 126
Executive Committee, Institute of Medicine, 52, 53, 57, 58, 64, 65 , 83, 96, 135, 136, 137
F
FAA. See Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)
Faden, Ruth, 260
Fair Labor Standards Act, 124
Fallon, Harold, 255
Family planning
pregnancy (unintended) issues, Institute of Medicine study, 257-258
See also Maternity
Farber, Saul, 139
Fauci, Anthony S., 213, 233-234, 235
FDA. See Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)
airline pilot age, Institute of Medicine study, 138
Federman, Daniel, 260
Fein, Rashi, 11, 13, 21, 54, 64, 65, 166, 265.
Fellowships Board, Institute of Medicine, 82
Fenn, Wallace, 30
"Final Report of the Study Committee on the Institute of Medicine," 134, 162-168, 172, 173, 179, 180, 190, 216, 244, 272
See also Sproull committee;
Sproull, Robert
Finance. See Educational finance;
Health care finance
Finance Committee, Institute of Medicine, 58, 106
"Focusing on Quality in a Changing Health Care System," 267
Food additives and safety, 186-187
Food and Drug Administration (FDA), 76, 115, 120, 188, 194, 195, 214, 225, 235, 238, 239, 241, 249
See also Blood Safety Committee
Food and food industry. See Food additives and safety
Food and Nutrition Board, 185, 186, 191, 261-262, 263, 273, 274
See also Diet and Health
Food safety. See Food additives and safety
Ford Foundation, 79-80, 156, 184
Ford, Gerald, 86, 111, 114, 134, 151, 227
Ford, Loretta, 166
Forum on Blood Safety and Availability, 258
Forum on Drug Development, 258, 27
Forum on Drug Development and Regulation, 188, 225
Foundations
Institute of Medicine outreach to by Samuel Thier, 179-184
See also specific foundations
Fox, Renee, 128
Fraser, David, 215
Fredrickson, Donald S., 6, 51, 55, 95, 96, 114, 115, 117, 126, 136 , 137, 138, 254, 270
Institute of Medicine presidency, 84-88
Freidson, Elliot, 80
Friedman, Milton, 12
Fuchs, Victor, 166
Fullerton, William, 122
Fund-raising and funding
Institute of Medicine fund-raising, 76-80, 125-127, 160-162
See also Foundations
The Future of Public Health, 198
G
Gallo, Robert C., 213
Genetic testing
Institute of Medicine study, 259-260
Ginsberg, Harold, 235
Glaser, Robert J., 12, 13, 16, 17, 19, 20, 29, 38, 40, 41, 42, 52, 53, 54, 55, 58, 64, 78-79, 96, 145
GME. See Graduate medical education (GME)
Good, Robert A., 54
Goodman, Clifford, 189
Gordon, Kermit, 12-13
Gorham, William, 166
Graduate medical education (GME)
primary care physicians, educational finance, Institute of Medicine study, 201-202
See also Medical education
Gramm-Rudman-Hollings Act. See Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit
Control Act of 1985
Grayston, J. Thomas, 216
Great Society, 4, 20, 66, 114, 173
Greenberg, Bernard, 112
Groopman, Jerome, 217
Gross, Ruth, 169
Growing Up Tobacco Free, 252-254
Grumbach, Melvin, 197
Gustav O. Lienhard Award, 254
H
Haggerty, Robert J., 108, 118, 197
Hamburg, David, 55, 67, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 141, 144, 146, 161 , 163, 187, 192, 254, 270, 271, 272
Institute of Medicine presidency, 95-129
Handler, Philip, 26, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 39, 40, 42, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 60, 62, 64, 76, 79, 81, 82, 83 , 84, 85, 86, 96, 109, 127, 129, 136, 137, 138, 162, 249, 268
Hanft, Ruth, 72-74, 87, 98-100, 139
Harris, Patricia Roberts, 124
Harrison, Ross, 8
Hartford Foundation. See John A. Hartford Foundation
Hatch, Orrin, 193
Havighurst, Clark, 152-153
HCFA. See Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA)
"Health and Behavior: A Research Agenda," 116, 117-120
Health Care and Public Health Panel on AIDS, 215, 218, 219, 220
Health care finance
AIDS and, 230
See also Health insurance;
Health maintenance organizations (HMOs);
Health Security Plan
Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA), 148-149, 151, 159, 160 , 167, 199, 249, 251, 252
See also Medicaid;
Medicare
Health Data in the Information Age, 251
Clinton initiatives, 265
contraception and, Institute of Medicine study on unintended pregnancies , 257
for-profit investment in health care, Institute of Medicine, 151-154
national health insurance, Institute of Medicine focus on, 104, 121-122
See also Entitlement programs;
Health care finance;
Health Security
Plan;
Medicaid;
Medicare
Health Maintenance Organizations Act of 1973, 70
Health maintenance organizations (HMOs), 202
for-profit investment in health care, Institute of Medicine study, 152
Institute of Medicine policy statements, 70-71
See also Health care finance;
Health insurance
Health professions. See Graduate medical education (GME);
Malpractice,
medical;
Medical education;
Nurses and nursing;
Physicians
Health Professions Educational Assistance Act of 1974, 75
Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Amendments of 1984, 189
Health Research Act, 154
Health Resources and Services Administration, 251
Health Security Act, 266
Health Security Plan, 263-267
See also Health care finance;
Health insurance
Healthy People, 194
Healthy People: The Surgeon General's Report on Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, 123
Healthy People 2000: Citizens Chart the Course, 196
Heckler, Margaret, 154, 155-156, 158
Heinz, John, 159
Hemophiliacs. See Blood diseases and disorders
Henry J. Kaiser Foundation, 110
Herbicides
Vietnam veterans health effects of herbicides, Institute of Medicine study, 254-256
See also Agent Orange;
Chemical warfare
Herdman, Roger, 264
Hess, Arthur, 139
Heyssel, Robert, 113
HEW. See Department of Health, Education, and Welfare (HEW)
Hewlett Foundation. See William and Flora Hewlett Foundation
Hewlett-Packard
Medical Products Group, 189
HHS. See Department of Health and Human Services (HHS)
Higher education. See Educational finance;
Graduate medical education
(GME);
Medical education
Hill, Lister, 18
Hilleman, Maurice, 218
HIV/AIDS
Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration research program,
Institute of Medicine study, 237, 242-243
blood supply transmission, Institute of Medicine study, 237-241
discrimination and, 230
drug development conference/roundtable, 224-225, 235-236
epidemiology in international context, workshop, 221, 225-226
health care financing and, 230
homosexual males and, 217, 222
Institute of Medicine and AIDS, 211-244, 273
intravenous drug users and, 217, 221, 222, 229
mental health and drug abuse issues, Institute of Medicine report, 242-243
National Institutes of Health programs review, 233-235
patient treatment, 218-219, 223-224
sexual behavior and, 226
Soviet Union-U.S. AIDS working session, 236
substance abuse and mental health issues in AIDS research, Institute
of Medicine report, 242-243
vaccine development, roundtable/workshop, 226-227, 235-236
workshops, 224-227
See also Confronting AIDS;
Confronting AIDS: Update 1988;
Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs)
HMO. See Health maintenance organizations (HMOs)
Hoffman-La Roche, Inc., 213
Hogness, John, 51, 84, 85, 87, 88, 96, 109, 110, 115, 127, 137, 148 , 192, 194, 250, 269, 270
Institute of Medicine presidency, 55-83
Homelessness
health care of the homeless, Institute of Medicine study, 199-200
See also Poverty
Homosexuality
House Committee on Energy and Commerce, 193
House Interstate and Foreign Commerce Committee, 73-74
House of Representatives. See U.S. Congress
House Subcommittee on Health and Environment, 73-74, 157
House Subcommittee on Public Health and Welfare, 60
Howe, ''Doc,"
Hudson, Rock, 211
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). See HIV/AIDS
I
Infants. See Birthweight;
Breast feeding;
Maternity
Infectious diseases and disorders
emerging infectious diseases, Institute of Medicine study, 258-259
See also HIV/AIDS;
Polio;
Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs);
Swine flu;
Vaccines and vaccination
In Her Lifetime
African women's morbidity and mortality, Institute of Medicine study , 188
Initial Membership Committee, Institute of Medicine, 52, 53
Inouye, Daniel, 124-125
Institute of Medicine
creation, 1-41
the Fredrickson presidency, 84-88
the Hamburg presidency, 95-129
the Hogness presidency, 55-83
the Institute and AIDS, 211-244
the Robbins presidency, 134-173
the Shine presidency, 249-274
the Thier presidency, 179-207
See also individual presidents
International health
AIDS epidemiology in international context, workshop, 225-226
infectious diseases (emerging), Institute of Medicine report, 258-259
Institute of Medicine study, 115-117
Soviet Union-U.S. AIDS working session, 236
International Health Committee, 116
Intravenous (IV) drug users
See also Drug abuse and treatment
J
Jacobson, Leon O., 54
John A. Hartford Foundation, 152
Johnson and Johnson
toxic shock syndrome, Institute of Medicine study, 144, 145
Johnson, Lyndon B., 5, 7, 18, 29
Josiah Macy, Jr., Foundation, 201
K
Kaiser Family Foundation, 165, 182
Kaiser Foundation. See Henry J. Kaiser Foundation
Kaysen, Carl, 12
Keene, Clifford, 58
Kellogg Foundation. See W. K. Kellogg Foundation
Kelly, James, 72-73
Kelly, William, 181
Kennedy, Donald, 115
Kennedy, Edward, 60, 75, 82, 106, 111, 115, 150, 238
Kerr, Clark, 163
Kessler, David, 249
King, Martin Luther, Jr., 21, 253
Kistiakowsky, George, 30, 34, 62, 127
Kleinman, Arthur, 201
Knowles, John, 59
Korean War
veteran pilots age discrimination in commercial aviation, 138
Kuhn, Dana, 239
Kunkel, Henry G., 54
L
Lactation. See Breast feeding
Lashof, Joyce, 184
Lawton, Ben, 169
Lee, Philip, 18
Legal, Ethical, and Educational Aspects of Health Division. See Division of Mental Health and Behavioral Medicine
Leveton, Lauren, 239
Lewin, Marion Ein, 183
Lewis, Irving, 65
Lincoln, Abraham, 8
Linder, Clarence, 83
London, Irving M., 12, 13, 23, 24, 25, 27, 28, 29, 32, 33, 36, 38, 40, 54, 58, 64, 75, 148
Long, Franklin, 36
Long Reorganization Committee, 36, 37, 38
M
MacArthur Foundation, 161, 169, 182
Mac Lane, Saunders, 127
MacLeod, Colin M., 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 13, 20, 22, 42, 54
"MacNeil-Lehrer NewsHour," 154, 157, 184
Macy Foundation. See Josiah Macy, Jr., Foundation
Maloney, Thomas, 165
Malpractice, medical
Institute of Medicine study, 109-111
Manpower
primary care manpower policy-making, 107-108
Marijuana
health effects, Institute of Medicine study, 141-144, 145
Marks, Paul, 172
Marston, Robert Q., 81
Mason, James, 212
Maternity
genetic testing, Institute of Medicine study, 259-260
nutrition during pregnancy, Institute of Medicine report, 262-263
prenatal care, Institute of Medicine study, 184-185
unintended pregnancy issues, Institute of Medicine, 256-258
See also Birthweight;
Breast feeding;
Family planning
McCarty, Maclyn, 54
McDermott, Walsh, 1, 8-16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 52, 54, 56 , 59, 66-67, 76, 77, 84, 95, 96, 128, 134, 135, 137, 145, 168, 252 , 268, 269, 270, 273, 274
McNerney, Walter, 121-122, 152, 153, 166, 266
Mechanic, David, 65, 67, 81, 201
Medicaid, 149, 157, 158, 159, 215, 257
Institute of Medicine studies, 98-100, 104, 108
See also Entitlement programs;
Health and health care;
Health insurance;
Social Security
Medicaid Infant Mortality Reduction Amendments of 1985, 158
Medical education, 104
costs, Institute of Medicine study, 71-75
military doctor supply, government role, Institute of Medicine study , 140-141
nursing education, Institute of Medicine study, 139-140
primary care manpower policy-making, Institute of Medicine study, 107-108
See also Graduate medical education (GME)
Medical Follow-Up Agency, 185, 186, 191, 237, 262, 273
Medical records, 186
privacy rights of individuals and, Institute of Medicine study, 251
Medical research, 186
women and, ethical and legal issues, Institute of Medicine study, 260, 261
See also Epidemiology;
Genetic testing
Medical Sciences Division. See Division of Medical Sciences
Medical Sciences Section, 30, 40, 53
Medical supplies
needles and syringes for drug users, AIDS prevention, 217, 221, 229
See also Blood and blood products
Medical Technology Assessment Directory, 189
See also Council on Health Care Technology
Medical tests. See Genetic testing;
Medical research
Medicare, 2, 4, 5, 69, 81, 123, 139, 149, 202, 206, 252, 267
Institute of Medicine studies, 98-100, 104, 108
See also Entitlement programs;
Health insurance;
Social Security
Mellon Foundation. See Andrew W. Mellon Foundation;
Richard King Mellon Foundation
Membership Committee, Institute of Medicine, 58, 80, 81, 87, 204, 205
Mental health and illness
AIDS research, substance abuse and mental health issues, Institute of Medicine report, 242-243
Institute of Medicine work, 104, 115-116, 117-120
Milbank Memorial Fund, 21, 162, 212
Military personnel
physician supply in military, government role, Institute of Medicine study, 140-141
See also Veterans
Miller, Charles, 161-162, 167, 191, 192
Miller, Morton, 74
Mitzenheim, Robert L., 142
Modern Medicine, 4
Mongan, Jim, 101-102
Montefiore Hospital, 59, 73, 119
Moore Carl V., 54
Morrell, Juan, 253
Morris, Alvin, 73
Mortality
African women's morbidity and mortality, Institute of Medicine study , 187-188
Moses, Lincoln, 162
Mosteller, Fred, 67
Motulsky, Arno, 259
Moynihan, Daniel, 118
Murray, Robert F., 138
Murtaugh, Joseph, 12, 13, 14, 17, 20, 24, 27, 31, 34, 37, 38
N
Nabrit, Samuel, M., 13, 15, 22, 54, 59
NAM. See National Academy of Medicine (NAM)
Narcotics. See Drug abuse and treatment;
Drugs and drug industry;
Marijuana
NAS. See National Academy of Sciences (NAS)
Nathans, Daniel, 163
National Academy of Engineering (NAE), 4, 9, 10, 62, 83, 171, 232
National Academy of Medicine (NAM), 1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 10, 11, 12, 14, 16, 22, 23-28, 28-33, 33-38, 134, 168, 170, 172, 267-268
National Academy of Sciences (NAS), 2-27 passim, 34, 35, 50-81 passim, 84, 87, 96, 109, 119, 126, 127, 128, 134, 135, 137, 146, 147, 148, 150, 155, 161-172 passim, 179, 181, 183, 185, 191, 194, 196, 199,
200, 203, 206, 214-215, 216, 222, 223, 224, 228, 232, 233, 236, 239 , 244, 249, 254-255, 265, 267, 268, 269, 270, 272
Institute of Medicine proposal presented to, 38-41
Institute of Medicine relations with, 82-83, 95
National Academy of Medicine rejection by, 28-33
See also Board on Medicine;
Council, National Academy of Sciences;
Division of Medical Sciences;
Medical Sciences Section;
National Academy of Engineering (NAE);
National Research Council (NRC);
Report Review Committee, National Academy of Sciences
National Cancer Institute (NCI), 60, 61, 125, 226
National Cancer Program Plan, 61, 62
National Center for Health Services Research and Development, 63, 66, 189
National Childhood Injury Act of 1986, 193
National Commission on Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, 220, 232, 236, 243
National Institute of Aging, 119, 138, 169
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, 213, 226
National Institute of Mental Health, 97, 119, 242
National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, 120, 242
National Institute on Drug Abuse, 242
National Institutes of Health (NIH), 1, 3, 5, 6, 14, 20, 21, 27, 33-34, 51, 81, 85, 86, 87, 137, 138, 141, 150, 161, 166, 173, 216, 220, 252, 242, 259, 261, 266, 268, 269
AIDS programs of National Institutes of Health, review by Institute of Medicine, 233-235, 237
organizational structure of National Institutes of Health, Institute of Medicine study, 154-156
See also Blood Safety Committee;
Individual institutes and offices
National Institute of Nursing Research, 251
National Naval Medical Center, 157
National Research Council (NRC), 8, 9, 10, 23, 26, 28, 34, 62, 83, 109, 119, 150, 151, 154, 168, 170, 171, 181, 190, 196, 199, 204, 213, 215, 216, 228, 272
Ebert report on organization, 145-148
See also Assembly of Life Sciences (ALS);
Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education;
Commission on Life Sciences (CLS);
Division of Medical Sciences;
Food and Nutrition Board;
Medical Follow-Up Agency
National Roundtable on Health Care Quality, 267
National Science Foundation, 66, 119, 120, 150
National Vaccine Program, 193
Native Americans
Navajos in Arizona and New Mexico, tuberculosis treatment program, 11
Nature, 30
NCHSR. See National Center for Health Services Research (NCHSR)
NCI. See National Cancer Institute (NCI)
Nelson, Alan, 169
New England Journal of Medicine, 108, 113, 142, 153-154, 181
Newman, Howard, 151
Newsweek, 125
Newton, Quigg, 78-79
New Vaccine Development: Establishing Priorities, 192
New York Times, 14, 18, 56, 135, 154, 157, 184, 200, 222
New York Times-CBS poll on AIDS, 211
Nichols, Eve, 213
Nightingale, Elena, 105, 112, 113, 142
NIH. See National Institutes of Health (NIH)
Nixon, Richard M., 24, 32, 51, 70, 72, 78, 85, 114, 173, 269
Nobel Prize, 136, 154, 163, 215, 244, 258
NRC. See National Research Council (NRC)
Nurses and nursing
education of nurses, Institute of Medicine study, 139-140
supply of, Institute of Medicine study, 251-252
Nurse Training Amendments of 1979, 139
Nursing homes
regulation of, Institute of Medicine study, 158-160
Nutrition
Institute of Medicine report, 262
pregnancy and nutrition, Institute of Medicine report, 262-263
See also Diet
Nutrition During Pregnancy and Lactation: An Implementation Guide, 262-263
O
O'Brien, Lawrence, 85
Office of AIDS Research, 243-244
Office of International Scientific Affairs, 18
Office of Science and Technology, 7, 8, 61, 119
Office of Technology Assessment, 102, 264
Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health, 234
Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1981, 150
Organ transplants
heart transplant statement, 16-20
organ transplantation and Board on Medicine, 16
Otten, Alan, 179
P
Page Discussion Group, 2-8, 10
Page, Irvine H., 1-8, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 19, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 31, 33, 35, 36, 37, 38, 40, 41, 52, 54, 56, 59, 78 , 80, 104, 269, 270, 274
Pain
disability and, Institute of Medicine study, 200-201, 203
Pain and Disability, 201
Payne, Rose, 16
Petersdorf, Robert, 103-104
Pew Memorial Trust, 161
Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association, 188, 226
PHS. See Public Health Service (PHS)
Physicians
military doctor supply, government role, Institute of Medicine study , 140-141
primary care physicians graduate medical education, Institute of
Medicine study, 201-202
Pilots
airline pilot age, Institute of Medicine study, 138-139
Platt, Kenneth, 152
Pokrovsky, Vadim, 236
Polio
Salk vaccine, 111
vaccines, Institute of Medicine study, 109, 111-113
vaccine reports of Institute of Medicine, 192
See also Infectious diseases and disorders
Political parties. See Democratic Party;
Republican Party
Politics
Institute of Medicine and, 124-126
science and, Institute of Medicine, 258-260
See also Democratic Party;
Republican Party
Pollard, Michael, 110
Poverty
health status and care and, 66-67
See also Homelessness
Pregnancy. See Maternity
Presidential Commission on Mental Health, 115
Presidential Commission on Mental Illness, 117
Presidential Commission on the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Epidemic , 224, 228, 229, 231, 273
Press, Frank, 146, 147, 162, 163, 164, 165, 168, 169, 171-172, 181 , 183,
185-186, 199, 214, 215, 223, 224, 232, 233, 244, 268, 272
Preventive medicine
low birthweight, Institute of Medicine study, 156-157
Surgeon General's report on health promotion/disease prevention, Institute of Medicine study, 121-124
See also Vaccines and vaccination
Prewitt, Kenneth, 227
Price, Don, 163
Privacy rights. See Right to privacy
Proctor and Gamble
Rely tampons and toxic shock syndrome, 144
Program Committee, Institute of Medicine, 58, 63, 65, 66, 67, 75, 78, 97, 104, 105, 106, 107, 125, 134, 151, 190
Public health
future of, Institute of Medicine study, 197-199, 203, 263
Institute of Medicine as crusader, 252-258
See also Preventive medicine
Public Health Service (PHS), 148-149, 155, 187, 192, 194-195, 196, 198, 212, 217, 235, 236, 241
Public Health Services Act, amendments to, 231
Pusey, Nathan, 79
R
Rather, Dan, 223
Reagan, Ronald, 81, 148-151, 152, 165, 166, 173, 183, 187, 193, 196 , 202, 211, 212, 224, 229, 231, 272-273
Institute of Medicine and Reagan administration, 148-160
Religious Coalition for Abortion Rights, 69
Relman, Arnold, 142, 143, 153-154
Rely tampons
toxic shock syndrome and, 144
Renal disease. See End-stage renal disease (ESRD)
Report Review Committee, National Academy of Sciences, 127, 128
Reproductive diseases and disorders. See Toxic shock syndrome;
Women
Republican Party, 24, 101, 114, 134, 150, 151, 155, 166, 238
Research Panel. See Health Care and Public Health Panel on AIDS
Revson Foundation. See Charles H. Revson Foundation
Reye's syndrome
analgesics, relationship to, Institute of Medicine reports, 194
Ribicoff, Abraham, 163
Rice, Dorothy, 80, 103, 121, 220
Richard King Mellon Foundation, 78, 126, 161
Richardson, Elliott, 72, 114, 163
Richmond, Julius, 65, 72, 73, 86, 96, 104, 115, 117, 118, 121, 122 , 123, 135, 194, 254
Right to privacy
medical records and, Institute of Medicine study, 251
Robbins, Frederick, 5, 112, 128, 183-184, 188, 189, 192, 212, 213, 214, 272
Institute of Medicine presidency, 134-173
Robert Wood Johnson (RWJ) Foundation, 73, 77-78, 82, 86, 107, 126, 127, 137, 139, 161, 164, 181, 182, 183, 228, 229, 253, 254
Fellows in Health Care Policy, 81-82, 266
Rockefeller Foundation, 21, 184, 187
See also Abortion
Rogers, David E., 73, 74, 77, 137, 164-165, 254
Rosenblith, Walter A., 13, 54, 61-62, 64, 185-186
Rother, John, 159
Roundtable for the Development of Drugs and Vaccines Against AIDS, 235-236, 237, 254
Roundtable on the Role of Academic Health Centers in Clinical Research and Education, 258
Rubin, Robert, 166
Russell, Christine, 222-223
RWJ. See Robert Wood Johnson (RWJ) Foundation
Ryan White Comprehensive AIDS Resources Emergency Act, 243
S
Sanford, Jay, 193
Sapolski, Harvey, 163, 165, 166, 167
Saturday Review, 18
Sawhill, Isabel, 139
Schaeffer, Leonard, 149
Schorr, Lisbeth Bamberger, 126
Schwartz, William, 65
Schweicker, Richard, 150
Science and Technology Office. See Office of Science and Technology
Scientific American, 113
Scott, Richard, 110
Seggel, Richard, 106
Seitz, Frederick, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 20, 24, 25, 26, 33 , 37
Senate. See U.S. Congress
Senate Commerce Committee. See Senate Subcommittee on Tourism
Senate Committee on Human Resources, 116
Senate Committee on Labor and Human Resources, 193
Senate Committee on Labor and Public Welfare, 189-190
Senate Finance Committee, 101, 185
Senate Subcommittee on Tourism, 124, 125
Sexual behavior
AIDS and, workshop on international epidemiology, 226
Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs)
Institute of Medicine report, 260-261
See also HIV/AIDS;
Infectious diseases and disorders
Shalala, Donna, 238, 241, 249, 266
Shannon, James A., 1, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 14, 15, 20, 21, 22, 23, 27, 29, 30, 31, 37, 40, 54, 75-76, 84, 166, 269, 271, 274
Sheps, Cecil, 106
Institute of Medicine presidency, 249-274
Shope, Robert, 258
Sidel, Victor, 59
Singer, Burton, 226
Sloan Foundation, 9
Sloan, Frank, 251
Smoking. See Tobacco products and use
Social Security, 2, 69, 81, 122, 206
disability determinations and pain, Institute of Medicine study, 200-201, 203
Institute of Medicine studies, 98-100
See also Entitlement programs;
Medicaid;
Medicare
Social Security Administration, 99, 139, 200, 201, 254
Social Security Amendments of 1972, 69
Somers, Herbert, 70
Soviet Union
Academy of Medical Sciences, 236
AIDS working session with U.S., 236
Ministry of Health, 236
Sox, Harold C., Jr., 238
Spivak, Jonathan, 110
Sproull Committee, 163, 164, 165, 167, 169, 171, 212
See also ''Final Report of the Study Committee on the Institute of Medicine"
Sproull report. See "Final Report of the Study Committee on the Institute of Medicine"
Sproull, Robert, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167, 169
Staats, Elmer, 163
Starfield, Barbara, 151
State Department. See Office of International Scientific Affairs
STDs. See Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs)
Stead, Eugene A., 12, 13, 16, 38, 52, 59
Stever, Guy, 114
Stone, Martha, 142
Stoto, Michael, 255
Strategic planning
Health Security Plan and, 263-267
Strickland, Stephen, 5
Substance abuse. See Alcohol abuse and treatment;
Drug abuse and treatment;
Tobacco products and use
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 242
See also Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration (ADAMHA)
Surdi, Jana, 192
Surgeon General, 118, 194, 230, 231, 254
health promotion/disease prevention report, Institute of Medicine study, 121-124
See also Healthy People;
Healthy People: The Surgeon General's Report on Health Promotion and Disease Prevention
Swine flu
See also Infectious diseases and disorders
T
Taber, George, 78
Tampons
toxic shock and, Institute of Medicine study, 144, 145
Tanzania. See Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Tarlov, Alvin, 165
Task Force on Mission, Structure, and Finances, 146-147, 169
Technology Assessment Office. See Office of Technology Assessment
Tenney, Marsh, 167
THC. See Marijuana
Thier, Samuel, 172, 173, 211, 214, 215, 223, 224, 225, 227, 228, 229, 232, 233, 236, 243, 244, 249, 250, 264, 272, 273
Institute of Medicine presidency, 179-207
outreach to foundations under, 179-184
Thompson, John, 139
Three Mile Island nuclear power plant accident, 120
Tilson, David, 159
Tobacco products and use
antismoking campaign, Institute of Medicine report, 252-253
Tobin, James, 12
Tollerud, David, 255
Torrens, Paul, 253
Tosteson, Daniel, 73
Toxic shock syndrome
Institute of Medicine study, 144-145
Transplants. See Organ transplants
Trout, Monroe, 233
U
Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 141
United Way, 196
Urban Institute, 103
U.S. Agency for International Development. See Agency for International Development (AID)
U.S. Congress, 122, 138, 150, 154, 155, 159, 185, 223, 224, 229, 232, 242, 243
AIDS blood supply transmission, 237, 238, 239
homeless people's health care, Institute of Medicine study, 199-200
pain and disability, Institute of Medicine study, 200-201
physicians (primary care), graduate medical education, Institute of Medicine study, 201-202
See also House Committee on Energy and Commerce;
House Interstate and Foreign Commerce Committee;
House Subcommittee on Health and Environment;
House Subcommittee on Public Health and Welfare;
Office of Technology Assessment;
Senate Committee on Human Resources;
Senate Committee on Labor and Human Resources;
Senate Committee on Labor and Public Welfare;
Senate Finance Committee;
Senate Subcommittee on Tourism
U.S. Information Agency, 18
U.S.S.R. See Soviet Union
V
VA. See Veterans Administration (NA)
Vaccines and vaccination, 271
AIDS vaccine development, 226-227, 231, 235-236
polio vaccine, Institute of Medicine study, 109, 111-113
Sabin oral polio vaccine, 111, 112
Salk polio vaccine, 111
supply of vaccines, Institute of Medicine report, 192-194
swine flu vaccine reactions, 111, 113
See also Infectious diseases and disorders;
Preventive medicine
Vaccine Supply and Innovation, 192-194
Valdez, Richard, 239
Vance, Cyrus, 163
Veterans
Vietnam veterans Agent Orange health effects, Institute of Medicine study, 254-256
Vietnam veterans health studies, 202-203
Veterans Administration (VA), 99, 186
veterans Agent Orange health effects, Institute of Medicine study, 254-256
veterans health studies, 202-203
Volberding, Paul, 217-218, 227, 229
W
Wadleigh, Jonathan, 240
Wagner, Judith, 113
Waksman, Byron, 112
Wallace, George, 24
Wallace, Mike, 56
Wall Street Journal, 110, 154, 184, 207
Ward, Paul, 70
Washington Post, 95, 114, 123, 154, 157, 179, 222
Washington State House of Representatives, 195
Watergate investigations, 101
Watkins, James D., 231
Waxman, Henry, 157, 158, 159, 193
Weinberg, Alvin, 30
Weinberger, Caspar, 86
Weiss, Ted, 202
Weissman, Irving, 218
See also Individual presidents;
Office of Science and Technology;
Presidential Commission on Mental Health;
Presidential Commission on Mental Illness;
Presidential Commission on the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Epidemic
White House Task Force on Health Care Reform, 266
White, Leon, 64
WHO. See World Health Organization (WHO)
Wilbur, Dwight L., 12, 13, 15, 23, 26, 27, 54, 64
Wilbur, Ray L., 13
Wilensky, Gail, 265
William and Flora Hewlett Foundation, 110
Williams, Bryan, 13, 33, 54, 64, 65
W. K. Kellogg Foundation, 78, 79, 86, 107, 121, 125, 126, 182, 183
Wolff, Sheldon, 144, 215, 219, 222, 223, 225, 235
Women
African women's morbidity and mortality, Institute of Medicine study , 187-188
Board on Medicine membership, 13
health research, ethical and legal issues, Institute of Medicine reports, 260, 261
toxic shock syndrome, Institute of Medicine study, 144-145
See also Breast feeding;
Maternity
Women and Health Research, 260
Wood, W. Barry, Jr., 54
Workshops
AIDS drug development, 224-225, 235
AIDS epidemiology and disease burden projections, 216
AIDS epidemiology in international context, 225-226
AIDS vaccine development, 226-227
veteran pilots age discrimination in commercial aviation, 138
Wunderlich, Gooloo, 251
Wyngaarden, James B., 233-234
Y
Yarmolinsky, Adam, 13, 15, 24, 29, 32, 39, 40, 54, 79-80, 86, 98, 99, 100, 205
Year 2000 Health Objectives Consortium, 196
Yordy, Karl, 58, 70, 75, 87, 106, 124, 125-126, 161, 166, 167, 168 , 169, 191-192, 250
Z
Zaire
Stanford student kidnapping, David Hamburg negotiations, 96