Musculoskeletal morbidity index:

Cross sectional models

Symptoms (Model R² = 0.22)

Overstrain

Beta = 0.21 (p < 0.001)

Work content

Beta = 0.16 (p < 0.001)

Leino et al. 1995

Prospective

Manufacturing (n = 411)

Findings (Model R² = 0.23)

Work content

Beta = 0.13 (p < 0.001)

Overstrain

Beta = 0.12 (p < 0.001)

Follow up models

Symptoms (Model R² = 0.36)

Social relations

Beta = 0.11 (p < 0.01)

Findings (Model R² = 0.31)

Social relations

Beta = 0.15 (p = 0.001)

Neck/shoulder symptoms

Work strain

—medium exposed

OR: 2.5 (CI: 1.2-5.5)

control

OR: ns

—high exposed

OR: 5.5 (CI: 2.4-12)

control

OR: 3.4 (CI: 1.4-7.9)

Ohlsson et al. 1994

Cross sectional with control group

Fish processing (exposed to industrial work n = 206; non-exposed controls n=208)

Neck shoulder diagnoses

Fellowship

—high exposed

OR: ns

control

OR: 3.3 (CI: 1.0-10.8)

Work strain

—medium exposed

OR: 2.9 (CI: 1.1-7.6)

control

OR: ns

—high exposed

OR: 6.6 (CI: 2.6-17)

control

OR: 3.0 (CI: 1.1-8.7)

Hand/elbows—not presented

Back symptoms

Social contact—next to least

OR: 1.5 (CI: 1.0-2.1)

—least

OR: 1.8 (CI: 1.2-2.6)

Overwork     —next to most

OR: 1.4 (CI: 1.2-2.0)

—most

OR: 2.0 (CI: 1.4-3.0)

Neck symptoms

Work variation—lowest

OR: 1.8 (CI: 1.2-2.7)

Skov et al. 1996

Cross sectional

Sales (n = 1306)

Control over time—low

OR: 1.4 (CI: 1.1-1.9)

Competition  —high

OR: 1.4 (CI: 1.1-1.9)

Shoulder symptoms

Work demand—highest

OR: 1.5 (CI: 1.0-2.1)

Uncertainty of employment

—next to highest

OR: 1.8 (CI: 1.3-2.5)

—highest

OR: 1.5 (CI: 1.0-2.3)