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Military Strategies for Sustainment of Nutrition and Immune Function in the Field (1999)
Institute of Medicine (IOM)

Page
233
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IV
ASSESSMENT

Measurement of ''immunity'' has often focused on measurement of humoral immunity to determine the presence of protective antibodies. Cellular immune function is fundamentally more complex and difficult to measure. Chapter 9 emphasizes the importance of the rationale for undertaking immune assessment to selecting the appropriate assessment method. It also provides a brief description of a variety of in vivo, and in vitro assessment methodologies. The use of whole-blood cultures for evaluation of functional activity of lymphoid cells in vitro is explored in Chapter 10 with an emphasis on the feasibility of their use for field studies.

Page
233
Front Matter (R1-R14)
Executive Summary (1-16)
I Committee Summary, Responses to Questions, Conclusions, and Recommendations (17-18)
1 A Review of the Role of Nutrition in Immune Function (19-98)
2 Committee Responses to Questions (99-124)
3 Committee Conclusions and Recommendations (125-135)
II Stage Setting: The Military Situation (137-138)
4 Why is the Army Interested in Nutrition and Immune Function? (139-162)
5 Physiological and Immunological Impact of U.S. Army Special Operations Training: A Model for the Assessment of Nutritional Intervention Effects on Temporary Immunosuppression (163-184)
6 Immune Function Studies During the Ranger Training Course of the Norwegian Military Academy (185-202)
III Introduction to Immune Function (203-204)
7 Nutrition and Immune Responses: What Do We Know? (205-220)
8 Cytokines and Nutritional Status: Possible Correlations and Investigations (221-232)
IV Assessment (233-234)
9 Methodological Issues in Assessment of Human Immune Function (235-248)
10 Application of Whole-Blood Cultures to Field Study Measurements (249-262)
V Nutrition (263-264)
11 Glutamine (265-278)
12 Vitamin A and Immune Function (279-288)
13 Vitamin E, Vitamin C, and Immune Response: Recent Advances (289-304)
14 Fatty Acids and Immune Functions (305-316)
15 Iron Metabolism, Microbial Virulence, and Host Defenses (317-336)
16 Trace Minerals, Immune Function, and Viral Evolution (337-359)
VI Health and Stress (361-362)
17 Exercise, Infection, and Immunity: Practial Applications (363-390)
18 Neuroendocrine Consequences of Systemic Inflammation (391-408)
19 Inflammatory Stress and the Immune System (409-436)
20 Chronobiology of the Immune System (437-496)
21 Conclusion: Militarily Important Issues Identified in this Report (497-508)
Appendixes (509-510)
Appendix A: Overview of the Immune System and Other Host Defense Mechanisms (511-526)
Appendix B: Glossary of Immunological Terms (527-536)
Appendix C: Overview of Immune Assessment Tests (537-542)
Appendix D: Emerging Infections, Nutritional Status, and Immunity (543-552)
Appendix E: Workshop Agenda (553-558)
Appendix F: Biographical Sketches (559-574)
Appendix G: Acronyms and Abbreviations (575-580)
Appendix H: Nutrition and Immune Function: A Selected Bibliography (581-656)
Index (657-708)

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--> IV ASSESSMENT Measurement of ''immunity'' has often focused on measurement of humoral immunity to determine the presence of protective antibodies. Cellular immune function is fundamentally more complex and difficult to measure. Chapter 9 emphasizes the importance of the rationale for undertaking immune assessment to selecting the appropriate assessment method. It also provides a brief description of a variety of in vivo, and in vitro assessment methodologies. The use of whole-blood cultures for evaluation of functional activity of lymphoid cells in vitro is explored in Chapter 10 with an emphasis on the feasibility of their use for field studies.

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assessment method