Military Strategies for Sustainment of Nutrition and Immune Function in the Field

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Table of Contents
Front Matter R1-R14
Executive Summary 1-16
I Committee Summary, Responses to Questions, Conclusions, and Recommendations 17-18
1 A Review of the Role of Nutrition in Immune Function 19-98
2 Committee Responses to Questions 99-124
3 Committee Conclusions and Recommendations 125-135
II Stage Setting: The Military Situation 137-138
4 Why is the Army Interested in Nutrition and Immune Function? 139-162
5 Physiological and Immunological Impact of U.S. Army Special Operations Training: A Model for the Assessment of Nutritional Intervention Effects on Temporary Immunosuppression 163-184
6 Immune Function Studies During the Ranger Training Course of the Norwegian Military Academy 185-202
III Introduction to Immune Function 203-204
7 Nutrition and Immune Responses: What Do We Know? 205-220
8 Cytokines and Nutritional Status: Possible Correlations and Investigations 221-232
IV Assessment 233-234
9 Methodological Issues in Assessment of Human Immune Function 235-248
10 Application of Whole-Blood Cultures to Field Study Measurements 249-262
V Nutrition 263-264
11 Glutamine 265-278
12 Vitamin A and Immune Function 279-288
13 Vitamin E, Vitamin C, and Immune Response: Recent Advances 289-304
14 Fatty Acids and Immune Functions 305-316
15 Iron Metabolism, Microbial Virulence, and Host Defenses 317-336
16 Trace Minerals, Immune Function, and Viral Evolution 337-359
VI Health and Stress 361-362
17 Exercise, Infection, and Immunity: Practial Applications 363-390
18 Neuroendocrine Consequences of Systemic Inflammation 391-408
19 Inflammatory Stress and the Immune System 409-436
20 Chronobiology of the Immune System 437-496
21 Conclusion: Militarily Important Issues Identified in this Report 497-508
Appendixes 509-510
Appendix A: Overview of the Immune System and Other Host Defense Mechanisms 511-526
Appendix B: Glossary of Immunological Terms 527-536
Appendix C: Overview of Immune Assessment Tests 537-542
Appendix D: Emerging Infections, Nutritional Status, and Immunity 543-552
Appendix E: Workshop Agenda 553-558
Appendix F: Biographical Sketches 559-574
Appendix G: Acronyms and Abbreviations 575-580
Appendix H: Nutrition and Immune Function: A Selected Bibliography 581-656
Index 657-708

for example, one-day stresses, [academic] examinations, as with the work of the Glasers at Ohio State, all of that is very short-term stuff and might not even be reflected in these kinds of studies.

TIM KRAMER: I can totally relate to your concern about that. Except for probably the skin test response, the whole- blood culture system is probably the closest that we can get to what is going on in the body. This is one of the reasons that we have been interested in it, because it keeps the milieu constant.

Table of Contents

Front Matter R1-R14

Executive Summary 1-16

I Committee Summary, Responses to Questions, Conclusions, and Recommendations 17-18

1 A Review of the Role of Nutrition in Immune Function 19-98

2 Committee Responses to Questions 99-124

3 Committee Conclusions and Recommendations 125-135

II Stage Setting: The Military Situation 137-138

4 Why is the Army Interested in Nutrition and Immune Function? 139-162

5 Physiological and Immunological Impact of U.S. Army Special Operations Training: A Model for the Assessment of Nutritional Intervention Effects on Temporary Immunosuppression 163-184

6 Immune Function Studies During the Ranger Training Course of the Norwegian Military Academy 185-202

III Introduction to Immune Function 203-204

7 Nutrition and Immune Responses: What Do We Know? 205-220

8 Cytokines and Nutritional Status: Possible Correlations and Investigations 221-232

IV Assessment 233-234

9 Methodological Issues in Assessment of Human Immune Function 235-248

10 Application of Whole-Blood Cultures to Field Study Measurements 249-262

V Nutrition 263-264

11 Glutamine 265-278

12 Vitamin A and Immune Function 279-288

13 Vitamin E, Vitamin C, and Immune Response: Recent Advances 289-304

14 Fatty Acids and Immune Functions 305-316

15 Iron Metabolism, Microbial Virulence, and Host Defenses 317-336

16 Trace Minerals, Immune Function, and Viral Evolution 337-359

VI Health and Stress 361-362

17 Exercise, Infection, and Immunity: Practial Applications 363-390

18 Neuroendocrine Consequences of Systemic Inflammation 391-408

19 Inflammatory Stress and the Immune System 409-436

20 Chronobiology of the Immune System 437-496

21 Conclusion: Militarily Important Issues Identified in this Report 497-508

Appendixes 509-510

Appendix A: Overview of the Immune System and Other Host Defense Mechanisms 511-526

Appendix B: Glossary of Immunological Terms 527-536

Appendix C: Overview of Immune Assessment Tests 537-542

Appendix D: Emerging Infections, Nutritional Status, and Immunity 543-552

Appendix E: Workshop Agenda 553-558

Appendix F: Biographical Sketches 559-574

Appendix G: Acronyms and Abbreviations 575-580

Appendix H: Nutrition and Immune Function: A Selected Bibliography 581-656

Index 657-708