G
Acronyms and Abbreviations
AA
arachidonic acid
AAs
amino acids
ACH
acetylcholine
ACTH
adrenocorticotrophic hormone
ADH
antidiuretic hormone
ADX
adrenalectomy
AIDS
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
ALA
α-linolenic acid
APC
antigen-presenting cell
ARC
AIDS-related complex
ARS
Agricultural Research Service
ASNS
American Society for Nutritional Sciences
ATSDR
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry
AVP
arginine vasopressin
BCG
Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (vaccine)
BCNH
Committee on Body Composition, Nutrition, and Health of Military Women
BCT
basic combat training
BIA
bioelectrical impedance
Bq
becquerel
BSE
bovine spongiform encephalopathy
BW
body weight
CD
cluster of differentiation
CEHR
Center for Environmental Health Research
CHD
coronary heart disease
CMI
cell-mediated immunity
CMNR
Committee on Military Nutrition Research
CNS
central nervous system
ConA
concanavalin A
CORT
corticosterone
CRDA
Cooperative Research and Development Agreement
CRH
corticotropin-releasing hormone
CRP
C-reactive protein
CVB4
coxsackievirus B4
CVO
circumventricular organ
DCM
dilated cardiomyopathy
DDH
delayed dermal hypersensitivity
DGLA
dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid
DHA
docosahexaenoic acid
DHEA
dehydroepiandrosterone
DLW
doubly labeled water
DNA
deoxyribonucleic acid
DNFB
dinitrofluorobenzene
DoD
Department of Defense
DRI
Dietary Reference Intake
DTH
delayed-type hypersensitivity
DWHRP
Defense Women's Health Research Program
DXA
dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry
EFA
essential fatty acid
ELISA
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
en%
energy percent
EPA
eicosapentaenoic acid
ESR
erythrocyte sedimentation rate
Fab
fragment-antibody
Fc
FDA
Food and Drug Administration
FFA
free fatty acid
FFM
fat-free mass
FNB
Food and Nutrition Board
FTX
field training exercises
GABA
gamma-aminobutyric acid
GC
glucocorticoids
GH
growth hormone
GMCSF
granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor
GnRH
gonadotropin-releasing hormone
GTP
guanosine triphosphate
HAPE
high-altitude pulmonary edema
HDL
high-density lipoprotein
HDT
Human Dimensions Teams
HIV
human immunodeficiency virus
HLA
human leukocyte antigen
HPAA
hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis
HYPOX
hypophysectomy
icv
intracerebroventricular
Ig
immunoglobulin
IGF-I
insulin-like growth factor-I
IL
interleukin
IL-1ra
interleukin-1 receptor antagonist
IOM
Institute of Medicine
ip
intraperitoneal
IR
immune response
IRE
iron-responsive element
IRE-BP
iron-responsive element-binding protein
iv
intravenous
KD
Keshan disease
LA
linoleic acid
LAK
lymphokine-activated killer (cell)
LDL
low-density lipoprotein
LH
luteinizing hormone
LLRP
Long-Life Ration Packet
LPS
lipopolysaccharide
LTB4
leukotriene-B4
L-TRP-EMS
1-tryptophan eosinophilia myalgia syndrome
Mabs
monoclonal antibodies
MDA
malondialdehyde
MFA
monounsaturated fatty acid
MHC
major histocompatibility complex
MIT
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
MN-CS
multiple nutrients for cellular synthesis
MN-PS
multiple nutrients for protein synthesis
MND
Military Nutrition Division (currently Military Nutrition and Biochemistry Division)
MOA
Memorandum of Agreement
MR
mitogenic responsiveness
MRDA
Military Recommended Dietary Allowance
MRDR
modified relative dose response (test)
MRE
Meal, Ready-to-Eat
MUFA
monounsaturated fatty acid
NAD
nicotinamide–adenine dinucleotide
NAIDS
nutritionally acquired immune dysfunction syndromes
NATO
North Atlantic Treaty Organization
NBT
nitroblue tetrazolium
NCI-FCRDC
National Cancer Institute–Frederick Cancer Research & Development Center
NIH
National Institutes of Health
NRC
National Research Council
NK
natural killer (cell)
OLVT
organum vasculosum of lamina terminalis
PBMC
peripheral blood mononuclear cell
PEM
protein-energy malnutrition
PGE2
prostaglandin E2
PHA
phytohemagglutinin
PHA-T
phytohemagglutinin-stimulated T-cell proliferation
PMN
polymorphonuclear neutrophil
PPD
purified protein derivative (skin test)
PSS
pituitary stalk section
PUFA
polyunsaturated fatty acid
PVFS
postviral fatigue syndrome
PVN
paraventricular nuclear
RA
rheumatoid arthritis
RDA
Recommended Dietary Allowance
RE
retinol equivalent
REM
rapid eye movement
RfD
reference dose
RGR-I
first U.S. Army Ranger training course
RGR-II
second U.S. Army Ranger training course
ROS
reactive oxygen species
RTB
U.S. Army Ranger Training Brigade
RT-PCR
reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction
SAA
serum amyloid antecedent
SCID
severe combined–immunodeficient
SFA
saturated fatty acid
SFAS
Special Forces Assessment and Selection
SIADH
syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion
sIL-2r
soluble receptor for IL-2
SOZ
serum opsonized zymosan
SRBC
sheep red blood cell
SSCOM
Soldier System Command
T3
triiodothyronine
T4
thyroxine
TBG
thyroid-binding globulin
TDEE
total daily energy expenditure
TE
tocopherol equivalent
TfR
transferrin receptor
Th1
T-helper 1 (cell)
TNF
tumor necrosis factor
TPN
total parenteral nutrition
TRH
thyrotropin-releasing hormone
TSH
thyroid-stimulating hormone
UCLA
University of California–Los Angeles
URI
upper respiratory infection
URTI
upper respiratory tract infection
USAF
U.S. Air Force
USAMRIID
U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases
USAMRMC
U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command
USARIEM
U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine
USDA
U.S. Department of Agriculture
VIP
vasoactive intestinal polypeptide
VP
vasopressin
WBC
white blood cell
WHO
World Health Organization
WRAIR
Walter Reed Army Institute of Research