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Appendix B Control
Laws by States and
Canadian Provinces
These data were collected by a survey conducted by Nace in 1970 and
from the statutes. Assembly was accomplished through the assistance of
Stafford Cox, student of Environmental Law at the University of Michigan.
UNITED STATES
ALABAMA No regulations
Department of Conservation, Game and Fish Division, Montgomery,
Alabama 36104
2. ALASKA No regulations
Department of Fish and Game, Subport Building, Juneau, Alaska 99801
Comment The major amphibian is Rana sylvatica. It is doubtful there is any
commercial harvesting of this amphibian.
Reference Division of Biological Sciences, University of Alaska, College,
Alaska 99701
3. AR IZONA Regulations
Game and Fish Department, Arizona State Building, Phoenix, Arizona 85007
Species Rana catesbeiana
Season June 1-November 30
Commercial A valid fishing license is required.
Research A scientific collecting permit is available.
Take 1 2/day
Possession 1 2
Techniques Day or night; using spear, gig, hook and line, bow and arrow, or
artificial light; but no explosive, firearm, net, or trap
Comment No other amphibians are protected by law.
Reference Game and Fish Commission Order, Number T - 1 , Number T - 2,
Date December 13, 1969
4. AR KANSAS R - ulations
Game and Fish Commission, Little Rock, Arkansas 72201
Species Frogs
Season April 16-December 31
Commercial A valid fishing license is required.
133
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134
Take 1 8/day
Possession 36
Techniques Frogs may be taken only by the use of hand, handnet, hook and
line, gig, spear, or bow and arrow.
Breeders Frogs legally acquired may be raised in captivity for propagation and
sale under a permit that costs $25.00/year. Some species may be raised for
scientific and restocking purposes only under a permit that costs $2.50/year.
Comment It is unlawful to ship, take, transport, or export out of the state for
sale any Rana catesbeiana or parts thereof in any manner whatsoever, except
those raised by a game breeder or fish farmer.
Reference 4A-ASA, Title 47, § 508, 509 (1947)
5. CALI FORNIA R - ulations
Department of Fish and Game, 1416 9th Street, Sacramento, California 95814
Species All edible frogs regardless of size
Season Southern California, June 1-November 30; central and northern Cali-
fornia, all year
Commercial A valid fishing license is required.
Research A permit of $5.00/year is required.
Possession Southern California, 12; central and northern California, 24
Techniques Day or night; using light, spear, gig, grab, paddle, hook and line,
dip net, bow and arrow, fishing tackle, or hand
Reference 31-CAC, Div. 6, Ch. 7, § 6850-55, 6880-85 (1958)
6. COLORADO
Regulations
Game, Fish, and Parks Division, 6060 Broadway, Denver, Colorado 80216
Species Rana catesbezana
Season August 1-September 30
Commercial No more than 5,000 participants/season. One~uarter ton of uro-
deles exportedlyear by bait dealers.
Take 10/day
Comment Several amphibian suppliers have been discouraged due to fact that
89.7% of waters are contained by man-made impoundments.
No other amphibians are protected by law.
Reference 4-CRS, Ch. 62, § 1.1, 3.4 (1963)
7. CONNECTICUT No regulations
Board of Fisheries and Game, State Office Building, Hartford, Connecticut
06101
Commercial Bait species are protected by law and a fishing or hunting license
is required.
Comment The commission may remove undesirable plants or animals from the
waters by chemical, electrical, or mechanical means.
Reference 1 3-CGSA, Title 26, § 22, 27 (1973)
8. DE LAWARE R - ulations
Board of Game and Fish Commissioners, P.O. Box 457, Dover, Delaware 19901
Species Rana catesbewna
Season May 1-December 31
Commercial A valid hunting or fishing license is required.
Take With a fishing license, 10/day; with a hunting license, 24/day
Reference 3-DCA, Title 7, § 701, 703, 704, 710 (1953)
9. FLORIDA Regulations
Game and Fresh Water Fish Commission, Farris Bryant Building, 620 South
Meridan Street, Tallahassee, Florida 32304
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135
Species Frogs
Season All year (except on wildlife management areas)
Research A permit is available for wildlife management areas.
Techniques May be taken by gig, club, blow gun, hand, hook and line, or by
shooting during daylight hours only.
Comment FloAda's laws relating to amphibians are designed primarily for the
protection of animals other than amphibians.
Reference 19 70 Wildlife Code of the State of Florida; 1 2-FSA, Title 18, Ch.
285.15 (1962)
10. GEORGIA No regulations
Game and Fish Commission, 401 State Capitol, Atlanta, Georgia 30334
11. HAWAI I R - ulations
Division of Fish and Game, 400 S. Beretania Street, Honolulu, Hawaii 96813
Species Frogs greater than 9 in. from snout to extended hind feet
Season All year
Comment Small frogs less than 9 in. from snout to extended hind feet and tad-
poles are protected. It is unlawful for any person to catch, take, kill, expose,
to have in possession, or to offer for sale any tadpole or small frog.
Violation Any person who violates these regulations shall be fined not less than
$5.00 and not more than $50.00.
Reference 3-HRS, Title 12, Ch. 188, § 62-67 (1968)
12. IDAHO Regulations
Fish and Game Department, P.O. Box 25, Boise, Idaho 83707
Species Rana catesbeiana
Season All year
Commercial A valid fishing license is required. A permit is necessary to sell bull
frogs.
Take 1 2/day
Possession 1 2
Techniques May use bow and arrow, spear, or mechanical devices.
Comment No other amphibians are protected by law.
Reference 1970 Idaho Fishing Seasons and Regulations
13. I LLINOIS Regulations
Department of Consenration, State Office Building, Springfield, Illinois 62706
Species Rana catesbeiana
Season June 15-August 31
Commercial A valid fishing or hunting license is required.
Take 8/day
Possession 8
Comment Article II, Fish Protection Regulations, Ownership and Title, § 20
"If any person causes any waste or sewage to be discharged into or causes or
allows pollution of any waters of this State so as to kill aquatic life, the De-
partment, through the Attorney General, may bring an action against such
person and recover the reasonable value of the aquatic life destroyed by such
waste, sewage, or pollution. Any money so recovered shall be placed in the
Game and Fish Fund in the State Treasury."
Reference Fish Code of Illinois, Article 2, § 15, 16, 20, 21, 23 (1969 edition);
19-ILP, Title Fish and Game, p. 457 (1968)
14. INDIANA Regulations
Division of Fish and Game, Room 605 State Office Building, Indianapolis,
Indiana 46209
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136
Species Frogs
Season June 15-April 30
Commercial A valid hunting and trapping license is required.
Take 25/day
Possession After 2 days, no more than 50 frogs
Techniques May use gig, spear Mead not more than 3 in. in width and a single
row of tines), long bow and arrow, air rifle, .22 caliber firearm, club, or hands.
With not more than one pole or hand line, and these shall not have more than
one hook or artificial lure.
Comment No other amphibians are protected by law.
Reference DNS Indiana Discretionary Order No. W-16; 4-ISA, Title 11, § 1643
(1956)
15. IOWA R - ulations
Conservation Commission, 300 Fourth Street, Des Moines, Iowa 50319
Species Frogs of the family Ranidae
Season May 12-November 30
Commercial A valid fishing license is required.
Take 48/day
Possession 96 (A licensed bait dealer may have 240.)
Comment No person shall prevent frogs from having free access to and egress
from water. Frog export is prohibited. There are no regulations enforced upon
private landowners.
Reference 7-ICA, Title 5, Ch. 109, § 12,13,32,38,45,63,67,84,85,119
(1946)
16. KANSAS Regulations
Forestry, Fish, and Game Commission, Box 1028, Pratt, Kansas 67124
Species Rana catesbeiana
Season July 1-September 30
Commercial A valid fishing license is required.
Take 8/day
Techniques May use dip net, hook and line, or hand.
Reference 3-KSA, Ch. 32, § 147, 148, 149, 161, 162, 164 (1964)
17. KENTUCKY R - ulations
Fish and Wildlife Resources Department, State Office Building, Annex,
Frankfort, Kentucky 40601
Species Salamanders, tadpoles, and frogs
Commercial A valid live fish and bait license is required.
Possession 100 salamanders, 100 tadpoles, frogs unlimited
Techniques May hunt at night with lights to blind frogs.
Reference 7-KRS, Ch. 150, § 175, 360 (1971)
18. LOUISIANA R - ulations
Wildlife and Fisheries Commission, 400 Royal Street, New Orleans,
Louisiana 70130
Species Bullfrogs and lagoon frogs
Season June 1-March 31
Commercial A permit is necessary during closed season.
Research A person may take any species of small frogs, green, grass, leopard,
or spring frogs for scientific, educational, or propagating purposes, regardless
of size, but not for food or sale.
Reference 28-LRS, Title 56, Ch. 1, § 328,363,369,375,384 (1964)
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19. MAINE No regulations
Department of Inland Fisheries and Game, State House, Augusta, Maine 04330
20. MARYLAND No regulations
Game and Inland Fish Department, State Office Building, Annapolis,
Maryland 21404
21. MASSACHUSETTS No regulations
Division of Fisheries and Game, 100 Cambridge Street, Boston, Massachusetts
02202
22. MICHIGAN Regulations
Department of Conservation, Stevens T. Mason Building, Lansing, Michigan
48926
Species Frogs
Season May 30-November 15
Commercial No license is required to take or sell.
Research A scientific collector's permit is available for November 1 6-May 29.
Techniques May not spear with artificial light.
Reference 9-MSA, Title 13, § 1711, 1712, 1713, 1716 (1967)
23. MINNESOTA R - ulations
Department of Conservation, Centennial Office Building, St. Paul, Minnesota
55101
Species Frogs
Season May 16-March 31
Commercial A valid fishing license is required.
Research A permit may be issued for April 1-May 15.
Possession Unlimited when less than 6 in.; 150 frogs when greater than 6 in. in
length from nose to tip of hind feet toes.
Comment Commissioner shall establish regulations dealing with purchase, pos-
session, and transportation of frogs for purposes other than bait.
In the year of 1969: 416 persons were licensed to take, possess, transport,
sell frogs for purposes other than bait; 9 persons, resident, received frog dealer
license; and 5 persons, nonresident, received frog dealer license.
Reference 8-MSA, Ch. 101.44 (1968)
24. MISSISSIPPI Regulations
Game and Fish Commission, Box 451, Jackson, Mississippi 39205
Species Frogs
Season All year
Commercial A hunting and fishing license is required.
Take 25/day
Possession 50
Reference Digest of MississippiHunting and Trapping Regulations (1971)
25. MISSOUR I R - ulations
Missouri Conservation Commission, P.O. Box 180, Jefferson City, Missouri
65101
Species Rana catesbeiana
Season June November 30
Commercial A valid fishing or hunting license is required.
Research A scientific collector's permit is available. Frogs may also be propa-
gated and sold with a fish farming or fish hatchery permit.
Take 8/day
Possession 8
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138
Techniques With a fishing permit, one may use hand, gig, handnet, long bow,
hook and line, or artificial light. With a hunting permit, one may use .22
caliber timbre rifle, pistol, or pellet gun.
Comment It is illegal to sell other amphibians of any kind under any condi-
tions. It is suggested that the best approach to the biological supply problem
would be artificial propagation.
Reference 2-MRS, Ch. 252.020 (1969)
26. MONTANA No regulations
Fish and Game Department, Helena, Montana 59601
27. NEBRASKA Regulations
Game Commission, Lincoln, Nebraska 68509
Species Rana catesbeiana
Season July 1-November 1
Commercial A bait vendor permit is required.
Take 8/bag
Techniques With a hunting permit, one may use firearms, bow and arrow, hand,
or handnet. With a fishing permit, one may use hand, handnet, gig, hook and
line, or artificial light.
Reference 3-NRS, Ch. 37, § 226, 503, 505 (1943)
28. NEVADA Regulations
Fish and Game Commission, Box 10678, Reno, Nevada 89510
Species Rana catesbeiana
Commercial A valid fishing license is required.
Take Douglas and Esmeralda counties, 10/day; all other counties, 15/day
Possession 15
Endangered Vegas Valley leopard (Rana pipiens fisher))
Techniques May use hand, bow and arrow, hook and line, gig, or spear. Fire-
arms are not allowed.
Reference 16-NRS, Title 45, Ch. 501.037 and S03.290 (1971)
29. NEW HAMPSHIRE R - ulations
Fish and Game Department, Concord, New Hampshire 03301
Comment A permit is required.
30. NEW JERSEY No regulations
Division of Fish and Game, Box 1809, Trenton, New Jersey 08625
31. NEW MEXICO R - ulations
Game and Fish Department, State Capitol, Santa Fe, New Mexico 87501
Species Rana catesbeiana
Season August 1-August 31
Commercial A valid fishing license is required.
Research A scientific collector's permit is available.
Take 8/day
Possession 8
Reference NMSA, Title 53, Ch. 2, § 4, 18, 23 (1970)
32. NEW YORK R - ulations
New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, Albany,
New York 12201
Species Frogs
Season June 16-September 30
Commercial A valid fishing or hunting license is required.
Techniques With a fishing license, one may use hand, spear, club, hook and
line. With a hunting license, one may use gun or long bow.
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139
Comment No person shall use any device that prevents frogs from having free
access to and egress from the water.
Reference 10 CLNYA, Article 4, § 181, 210, 225, 228, 332, 387 (1967)
33. NORTH CAROLINA Regulations
Wildlife Resources Commission, Box 2919, Raleigh, North Carolina 27602
Comment A collector's permit is required.
Reference 3~SNC, Ch. 1 13.91 ( 196 3)
34. NORTH DAKOTA Regulations
Game and Fish Department, Bismarck, North Dakota 58501
Species Frogs
Season June 1-March 31 (May hunt Tom April 1-May 31 if for angling pur
poses, academic study, or with a commercial frog license.)
Possession 12 dozen for bait. There is no limit for persons with commercial
license.
Violation Guilty of misdemeanor
Comment The state has extensive populations of salamanders and scattered
mudpuppies.
Reference 4-NDCCA, Ch. 20.12 (1970)
35. OHIO R - ulations
Natural Resources Department, Wildlife Division, Columbus, Ohio 43212
Species Frogs
Season June lS-May 1
Commercial A valid fishing license is required.
Take 10/day
Possession 1 0
Techniques May use bow and arrow, but not shooting guns.
Comment Field observation indicates that there is no overhar`'esting.
Reference ORCA, Title IS, Ch. 1533.32 (1964)
36. OKLAHOMA R - ulations
Wildlife Conservation Department, 1801 No. Lincoln, Oklahoma City,
Oklahoma 73 105
Commercial Production of fish and frogs
Reference OSA, Title 29, Ch. 1765 (1968)
37. OR EGON R - ulations
State Game Commission, 1634 S.W. Alder Street, Portland, Oregon 97208
Species Rana catesbeiana
Season Ad year
Commercial A valid fishing license is required.
Possession 1 2
Techniques Day or night; one can not use firearms, air- or gas-operated guns,
or explosives.
Comment There is one live fish bait supplier with bullfrogs.
Reference BARS, Cal. 496.185, 496.190, 497.010, 497.020, 497.040, 497.050,
498.030, 498.095 (1953)
38. PENNSYLVANIA R - ulations
Pennsylvania Game Commission, P.O. Box 1567, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania 17120
Species Frogs and tadpoles
Season July 1-November 1
Commercial A valid fishing license is required.
Research A scientific collector's permit is available.
Take 1 S/day (frogs or tadpoles)
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140
Possession 15 (frogs or tadpoles)
Violation $10.00 for every frog or tadpole over 15
Techniques No lights at night ($25.00 fine)
Reference PSA, Title 30, Ch. 2, § 321-329 (1958)
39. RHODE ISLAND No regulations
Department of Natural Resources, Veterans Memorial Building, Providence,
Rhode Island 02903
40. SOUTH CAROLINA No regulations
Division of Game, Box 360, Columbia, South Carolina 29202
41. SOUTH DAKOTA R - ulations
Department of Game, Fish, and Parks, Pierre, South Dakota 57501
Species Frogs
Season May October 15
Commercial Frog farm and dealer licenses are available.
1967 19,544 lb wholesale; 5,242 dozen for bait
1968 5,175 lb wholesale; 507 dozen for bait
Techniques Cannot use firearms.
Comment Cannot export frogs less than 3 in. long.
Reference 1 2-SDCLA, Title 41, Ch. 6, § 46~8, and Ch. 14, § 31 (1967)
42. TENNESSEE Regulations
Game and Fish Commission, 706 Church Street, Nashville, Tennessee 37203
Species Rana catesbeiana
Season All year
Commercial A collector's or dealer's permit is available. One can sell only raised
or imported bullfrogs.
Research A scientific collecting permit is available.
Take 1 0/day
Possession 20
Techniques No firearms may be used in wildlife management and refuge areas
defined as hunting.
Reference Tennessee Game and Fish Commission, Proclamation No. 215.
43. TEXAS No regulations
Parks and Wildlife Department, Austin, Texas 78701
Comment Rana pipiens, Rana catesbeiana, and Necturus may be taken in any
numbers and at any time.
44. UTAH No regulations
Fish and Game Division, 1596 West North Temple, Salt Lake City, Utah 84116
45. VERMONT No regulations
Fish and Game Department, Montpellier, Vermont 05602
Comment There is one commercial dealer.
46. Vl RGINIA R - ulations
Commission of Game and Inland Fisheries, Box 1642, Richmond, Virginia
23213
Comment A valid hunting license is required.
47. WASHINGTON R - ulations
Department of Game, 600 N. Capitol Way, Olympia, Washington 98502
Species Rana catesbeiana
Season At tunes and in waters that are open for the taking of fish.
Commercial A valid hunting or fishing license is required.
Take 10/day
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141
Possession 10
Comment Waterdogs are prohibited in Silverlake and Cowlitz counties.
Referral 1971 Game Fish Seasons and Catch Limits
48. WEST VIRGINIA R - ulations
Department of Natural Resources, Charleston, West Virginia 25305
Species Frogs
Season June 13-luly 31
Commercial A license is available to raise and sell frogs.
Research A permit is issued with a written application explaining details,
methods, and purpose. No charge.
Take 10/day
Possession 20 with no size limitations, cannot have more than 100 total
aquatic animals.
A survey of licensed fishermen on gigging showed that in 1968: 113,222
frogs were gigged.
Comment In state: salamanders, 25 species; toads, 3 species; frogs, 11 species.
These species are the property of the state, except on private land.
Reference 8-WVC, 20.2.11, 20.2.48 (1966)
49. WISCONSIN Regulations
Conservation Department, Box 450, Madison, Wisconsin 53701
Species Frogs
Season May 2-December 31
Commercial May sell out of season if caught in season or raised.
Techniques No firearms may be used.
Reference Wisconsin Fishing Summary of I 9 70 Regulations
50. WYOMING No regulations
Game and Fish Commission, Box 1589, Cheyenne, Wyoming 82001
Comment Frogs are included in wildlife, which is the property of the state.
CANADIAN PROVINCES
1. ALBERTA No regulations
Fish and Wildlife Division, Department of Lands and Forests, Edmonton,
Alberta
Reference 1 Statutes of Alberta, Ch. 1 13 (1970)
2. BRITISH COLUMBIA No regulations
Fish and Wildlife Branch, Department of Recreation and Conservation, Vic-
toria, British Columbia
Reference 2-Revised Statutes of British Columbia, "The Game Act," Ch. 160
(1960)
3. MANITOBA R - ulations
Department of Mines, Resources, and Environmental Management, Box 11,
Building 15, 139 Tuxedo Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3C OV8
Species Tiger salamander (Ambystoma tigrinum), leopard frog (Rana pipiens),
Plains spadefoot toad (Scaphiophus bombifrons), green frog (Rana clamitans),
mink frog (Rana septentrionalis)
Season Leopard frogs may be caught and sold from June 1 to September 30,
1973, or until 100,000 lb have been sold, whichever comes first.
Tiger salamanders may be caught from June 1 to September 30, 1973, with
no limit on numbers taken.
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142
Plains spadefoot toad, green frog, and mink frog may be taken for scien-
tific or educational purposes only under authority of a scientific collecting
permit. They may be taken by others, e.g., fanciers, without a permit but
may not be sold.
Commercial Special licenses are required for "pickers" and "dealers."
Take A report of amounts bought and sold is required from each dealer on the
15th and 30th of each month.
Comment "The Wildlife Act" amended in 1970 to include amphibians in the
definition of wildlife.
Reference Manitoba Regulation 134/71 authorized under "The Wildlife Act,"
Statutes of Manitoba, Ch. W140; also Manitoba Regulations 81/73, 82/72,
and 76/73.
4. NEW BRUNSWICK No regulations
Fish and Wildlife Branch, Natural Resources Department, Fredericton, New
Brunswick
Reference 2-Revised Statutes of New Brunswick, 6'The Game Act," Gh. 95
(1952)
5. NEWFOUNDLAND No regulations
Federal Department of Fisheries, Box 5667, St. Johns, Newfoundland
Director of Wildlife, Department of Mines, Agriculture and Resources, St.
Johns, Newfoundland
Comment Rana clamitans are present on the Island of Newfoundland. Also,
frogs and toads exist in Labrador.
Reference 4-Revised Statutes of Newfoundland, Ch. 197, Title XX, "The
Wildlife Act" (1952)
6. NOVA SCOTIA No regulations
Conservation Division, Department of Lands, and Forests, Box 516, Kentville,
Nova Scotia
7. ONTARIO Regulations
Department of Lands and Forests, Parliament Buildings, Toronto, Ontario
Species Rana catesbeiana
Season July October 15
Commercial A valid license is required at a fee of $5.00.
Take No person other than the holder of a license shall take more than 25
bullfrogs/day.
Possession No person other than the holder of a license shall possess more than
25 bullfrogs at one time.
Comment The regulations are in force only in the counties of Lanark and Leeds.
Reference Regulation 359 under '`The Game and Fish Act," 2-Revised Statutes
of Ontario, 186:1, 73, 74, 75, 91, 92 (1970)
8. PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND Nor~ulations
Fish and Wildlife Division, Department of Fisheries, Charlottetown, Prince
Edward Island
9. QUEBEC No regulations
Department of Tourism, Fish and Game, Quebec City, Quebec
Reference Statutes of Quebec, "Wildlife Conservation Act," Ch. 58 (1969)
1Q SASKATCHEWAN No regulations
Department of Natural Resources, Regina, Saskatchewan
Reference Statutes of Saskatchewan, "The Animal Protection Act," Ch. 5
(1972)
Representative terms from entire chapter:
species frogs
