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Emergency and Continuous Exposure Limits for Selected Airborne Contaminants: Volume 2
EMERGENCY AND CONTINUOUS EXPOSURE LIMITS FOR SELECTED AIRBORNE CONTAMINANTS
Volume 2
COMMITTEE ON TOXICOLOGY
Board on Toxicology and Environmental Health Hazards
Commission on Life Sciences
National Research Council
National Academy Press
Washington, D.C.
October 1984
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Emergency and Continuous Exposure Limits for Selected Airborne Contaminants: Volume 2
NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance.
This report has been reviewed by a group other than the authors according to procedures approved by a Report Review Committee consisting of members of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine.
The National Research Council was established by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy’s purposes of furthering knowledge and of advising the federal government. The Council operates in accordance with general policies determined by the Academy under the authority of its congressional charter of 1863, which establishes the Academy as a private, nonprofit, self-governing membership corporation. The Council has become the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in the conduct of their services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. It is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. The National Academy of Engineering and the Institute of Medicine were established in 1964 and 1970, respectively, under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences.
This study was prepared under Contract N00014–80-C-0161 between the National Academy of Sciences and the Office of Naval Research and Contract DAMD-17–82-C-3028 between the National Academy of Sciences and the Department of the Army.
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Emergency and Continuous Exposure Limits for Selected Airborne Contaminants: Volume 2
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
This document reflects a continuing effort by the Committee on Toxicology to review and update earlier recommendations that were made with regard to exposure to a variety of airborne contaminants primarily of concern to the Department of Defense and to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The preparation of this document has been possible only because of the dedicated efforts of the current and many past members of the Committee on Toxicology.
The document has been evaluated in total by the current members of the Committee; however, much of the work was initially done by former members. The contributions of the following are particularly noted: Richard R.Bates, Health Effects Institute, Cambridge, Mass.; Donald Ecobichon, McGill University; Lawrence Fishbein, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Ark.; Peter Greenwald, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Md.; Ian Higgins, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich.; Wendell Kilgore, University of California, Davis, Cal.; Leonard T.Kurland, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn.; Howard Maibach, University of California, San Francisco, Cal.; H.George Mandel, The George Washington University, Washington, D.C.; Robert E. Menzer, University of Maryland, College Park, Md.; Charles Reinhardt, E.I.duPont de Nemours and Company, Newark, Del.; Joseph Rodricks, Environ Corporation, Washington, D.C.; Ronald C.Shank, University of California, Irvine, Cal.; Edward A.Smuckler, University of California, San Francisco, Cal.; Robert Snyder, Rutgers University, Piscataway, N.J.; Peter Spencer, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, N.Y.; and Philip Watanabe, Dow Chemical USA, Midland, Mich.
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Emergency and Continuous Exposure Limits for Selected Airborne Contaminants: Volume 2
COMMITTEE ON TOXICOLOGY
Roger O.McClellan,
Lovelace Inhalation Toxicology Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico,
Chairman
Rose Dagirmanjian,
University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
David W.Gaylor,
National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas
Richard Griesemer,
Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
William Halperin,
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio
Clark W.Heath, Jr.,
Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
Meryl Karol,
Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Ronald J.Spanggord,
SRI International, Menlo Park, California
Thomas R.Tephly,
The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
Lloyd B.Tepper,
Air Products & Chemicals, Inc., Allentown, Pennsylvania
Clarence J.Terhaar,
Eastman Kodak Company, Rochester, New York
National Research Council Staff
Francis N.Marzulli, Project Director
Gary R.Keilson, Project Director, until September 1983
Kulbir S.Bakshi, Staff Officer
Catherine L.St. Hilaire, Staff Officer, until May 1983
Norman Grossblatt, Editor
Beulah S.Bresler, Administrative Secretary
BOARD ON TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH HAZARDS
Gerald N.Wogan,
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts,
Chairman
Donald Hornig,
Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts,
Co-Vice-Chairman
Philip Landrigan,
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio,
Co-Vice-Chairman
John Doull,
University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
Herman N.Eisen,
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
Emmanuel Farber,
University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
David G.Hoel,
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
Richard Merrill,
University of Virginia Law School, Charlottesville, Virginia
Vaun A.Newill,
Exxon Corporation, New York, New York
Emil Pfitzer,
Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., Nutley, New Jersey
Joseph V.Rodricks,
Environ Corporation, Washington, D.C.
Liane B.Russell,
Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
Ellen Silbergeld,
Environmental Defense Fund, Washington, D.C.
Peter Spencer,
Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
National Research Council Staff
Devra Lee Davis, Executive Director
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Emergency and Continuous Exposure Limits for Selected Airborne Contaminants: Volume 2
CONTENTS
Introduction
1
Summary
3
Chlorine
5
Chlorine trifluoride
12
Ethanolamine
17
Fluorocarbon 11
26
Fluorocarbon 12
34
Fluorocarbon 21
41
Fluorocarbon 113
46
Fluorocarbon 114
51
Isopropyl Alcohol
56
Phosgene
69
Sodium Hydroxide
87
Sulfur Dioxide
95
Vinylidene Chloride
103
Xylene
113
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Emergency and Continuous Exposure Limits for Selected Airborne Contaminants: Volume 2
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