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The following HTML text is provided to enhance online readability. Many aspects of typography translate only awkwardly to HTML. Please use the page image as the authoritative form to ensure accuracy. U Ultrafine structures, 129 Ultrapure materials, 126–27, 220–21 Ultrasound, 81 Undergraduate education. See Manpower and education United Kingdom competitive position, 199–202 instrumentation, 265 materials science regime, 186, 191–92 Universities funding, international comparisons, 191–92 industry-university cooperative research centers, 171, 187 instrumentation needs, 135, 153 instrument development, 137–38, 256–61 See also Manpower and education University Materials Council, 152 University of Chicago, 265 University of Illinois, 263 University of Minnesota, 157 University of Pennsylvania, 263 University Research Initiative program, DOD, 137, 178, 260 Uranium chalcogenides, 96 U.S. Scientists and Engineers: 1986 (NSF), 142, 173 V Vacuum arc melting, 127 Vacuum induction melting, 127 Vacuum melting equipment, 184 Vapor deposition, 80, 81, 123, 129–30 Varian Corporation, 264 Very large scale integrated (VLSI) circuits, 64, 197 VG Instruments (U.K.), 265 Viscoelastic behavior, 84 Visiting scientist program, 179 W Waveguides, 98 Wear mechanisms, 250 West Germany collaborative centers, 72, 183, 188 competitive position, 9, 199–202, 205 instrument development, 258, 263–68 materials science regime, 186, 189–190 Wigner, E., 272 Wilson, 265 XYZ Xerox laboratories, 261 X-Ray Optics Center, 258 X-ray spectroscopy, 182 Yagi, 265 Young, R., 262
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