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OCR for page 239
Index
A
Accounting services, 69
Air transport
cargo, 9, 160-166
Federal Express, 161- 163
regulation, 163-166
foreign access to cabotage, 230
passenger service
data base use, 37-38
international competition, 41
American Airlines, 37-38
American Express Company, 202, 208
American Productivity Center, 99-100,
104, 117
AMRIS, 38
Antitrust, 37, 111, 115, 224
ATOM, 221
Automation, 76-78
see also Computer hardware and software
Automobile industry, 34-35, 38, 216
B
Balance of trade/payments, 38-40
developing countries, 225
Japan, 188
U.S., 116, 169, 173, 217
BanCal Tristate, 201
Banking
electronic in Britain, 38
239
international, 173, 176- 177
Japanese international position, 43,
188-189, 200-203, 208
productivity measures, 150- 151
Bank for International Settlements, 225
Bank of California, 201
Bank of China, 202
Bank of Tokyo, 201
Barclays Bank, 203
Barras, R., 23-24
Bell, S., 233
Brady Commission, 224-225
Britain, see United Kingdom
Brookings Institution, 112
Budget deficit (U.S.), 112, 209
Bureau of Economic Analysis, 74
Gross product originating, 2
Bureau of Labor Statistics
employment trends, 30-31, 48-58, 61
Producer Price Index, 74
productivity measurement, 9, 23, 105,
139-158 (passim)
Business services
classification for statistics, 93-96
computer use, 132
international, 174
manufacturing industry, interrelationship,
82-91
productivity of, 153
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240
C
California First Bank, 201
Canada, 209
Capacity utilization, 107, 108, 109
Capital investment
accumulation in services sector, 119-125
computers, 132-133, 196
cost factors, 209-210, 212
government budget for, 114
information technology, general, 118- 119,
121- 125, 196; by services sector,
125-132
intensity in services sector, 21, 25, 32,
129-133
national and international markets, 36
productivity factor, 106, 107, 108
tax incentives, 111-112, 116, 219, 220,
231
Cargo, see Air transport: cargo; Freight
transport
Case study method, 1, 99- 100, 117, 231
Catalytic converters, 142
Chandler, Alfred, 5
Chips (computer memory), see
Semiconductors
Citicorp, 38, 221
Classifications
business services, captive production,
93-96
diagnostic categories, health care,
153-154
economic data bases, 232-233
financial services, 199
freight, 161
household production and purchases,
96-97
international services trade, 173-175
occupational, 61, 64, 134
services industries defined, 18, 47, 48,
70, 71-72, 74, 76-78, 140-143,
167-168, 173-175
Standard Industrial Classification, 23, 47,
66, 93, 94, 95, 145
Clearing House Automated Payment System
(CHAPS), 38
Clearing House of International Payments
(CHIPS), 35
Clerical workers, in manufacturing, 62-66,
67-68
Committee on Science, Engineering, and
Public Policy, 4-5
INDEX
Communications, 32, 160
global trade in services and, 10, 43
information technology and, 129- 131, 133
international trade and, 180
manufacturing industry, interrelationship,
82-92
productivity measures, 147
telephone industry, 147, 221
Compensation, see Salaries and wages
Competition, 6, 37
antitrust, 37, 111, 115, 224
dumping (trade), 192, 193, 196- 197,
202-203
global, 11- 12, 35-36, 38-42, 167- 184
Japanese strategy,
financial services, 203-210
general, 191-192
information technology, 192- 198
technology and, 26-27, 118- 138, 223
see also Regulation/deregulation
Computer hardware and software, 32,
135-137
capital investment by services sector,
132-133
data bases, 37-38, 232-233
economies of scale in information, 69
educational software, 113
Japanese global strategy, 192-198
securities trading via, 27, 224
software copyrights, 223-224
software productivity data, 157-158
Consumer Price Index, 151
Consumers and consumption
by services sector, 78-82
tax on, 112
Continental Illinois, 201
Contracts and contracting, unbundling of
manufacturing/services, 61, 69
Copyright, see Intellectual property
Corporate services, 69
COSMOS II, 221
Credit cards, 202
Current Employment Survey (CES), 74,
143-144
Current Population Survey (CPS), 68, 74,
143, 145
Customs formalities (trade), 165
D
Data bases, 37-38, 232-233
Defense industries, 43, 228
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INDEX
Deindustrialization, 1-5
Demand, see Supply/demand
Denison, E. F., 106- 108
Department of Commerce, 2, 74, 164
Department of Health and Human Services,
154
Department of Housing and Urban
Development, 151
Department of Justice, 111, 115
Department of Labor, 113, 114
Department of State, 164
Department of Transportation, 164
Deregulation, see Regulation/deregulation
Developing countries, 225
Dialog Information Services, 37
Doorley, Thomas L., 12- 13, 211 -234
Dresdner Bank, 202
Duchin, Faye, 6-7, 76-98, 168
Dumping (trade), 192, 193, 196-197,
202-203
E
Economies of scale, 26-27, 42, 116, 214
information services, 69
productivity factor, 107, 108, 109
Economies of scope, 26-27
Education and training
federal role, 112-113, 116
job educational content, 51-54, 73-74,
116, 145, 168, 220, 227-228, 231,
232
productivity factor, 106- 107, 112
scientific education, 111
Efficiency issues, 168
labor, 113-114
productivity factor, 107
regulation and, 223-225
small-scale operations, 37
see also Productivity and production
Employment and unemployment
clerical workers, 62-66, 67
educational requirements and content,
51-54, 73-74, 116, 145, 168, 220,
227-228, 231, 232
future trends, 28-30
GNP and, 58-60, 62, 73, 109, 112
growth and, 47-74
managerial occupations, 62-63, 66-67
manufacturing, services employment in,
28-30, 62-68
minorities, 55-56
241
by occupational category, 52, 53, 57, 63,
65
Occupational Employment Statistics
(OES), 61, 64, 74
part-time workers, 30
producer services, 6, 57-60, 74
professional and technical workers, 62-63,
65, 66-67
recession effects, 30-32
secondary workers, 226-227
by sector, 4-5, 17, 19, 49-51
technology and, 225-228
women, 55-56
see also Working conditions
Europe,
deregulation, 36, 209
Organization for Economic Cooperation
and Development, 107- 108,
169-181 (passim)
European Economic Community, 41, 209,
219
Exports/imports, see International trade
Express cargo, see Air transport: cargo
F
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, 151
Federal Express, 161-163, 164, 221, 230
Federal government, 112-- 115, 219-231
productivity of, measurement, 151 - 152
R&D role, 13, 110-111
see also International agreements; Policy
issues; Regulation/deregulation;
specific government agencies
Federal Home Loan Bank Board, 151
Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service,
114
Federal Reserve Board, 151
Federal Trade Commission, 111, 115
Final demand composition, 58-60, 62
Financial markets
foreign exchange, 44, 109, 219, 233
interest andinterest rates, 111, 112, 176,
220
international, 35-36, 217-218
savings, 111
securities trading, 27, 36, 188-189, 202,
234
see also Capital investment; Investment
Financial services
automotive marketing, 38, 216
deregulation, 36-37, 208-209
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242
information technology and, 38, 131,
132-133, 134, 193, 199, 201
international, general, 173, 176-177,
179- 180; by Japan, 42-43, 187- 192,
193, 198-210
manufacturing industry, interrelationship,
82-92
productivity measures, 150- 151
securities trading, 27, 36, 188- 189, 202,
234
see also Banking
Foreign exchange, 44, 109, 233
Foreign investment in U.S., 41-42, 173,
197, 201-202, 203-204, 208, 230
Foreign trade, see International trade
Fourastie, J., 76
Franchising, 181
Freight transport
air cargo, 9, 160- 166
productivity measures, 146
Fuji Bank, 201
Functional cost analysis, 151
G
General Accounting Office, 114
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
(GATT), 10, 39, 213, 230
General Motors, 38, 215
Goldman Sachs, 201, 208
Gonen~c, Rauf, 10-11, 38, 167-186, 230-
231
Government
federal, 13, 110-113, 150-152, 219-231,
see also specific government agencies
state and local, 114, 152, 164
see also Policy issues; Regulation/
deregulation
Gross Domestic Product
input-output analysis, 100- 104
international trade in services as portion,
41
Gross National Product (GNP)
employment and, 58-60, 62, 73, 109, 112
international trade in services as portion,
41
R&D and, 108, 110
sectoral, 17, 19, 100-104
Gross Product Originating series, 2-4
Group of Ten, 219
Guile, Bruce R., 1- 15
INDEX
H
Health care
manufacturing industry, interrelationship,
82-91
productivity of hospitals, 153-154
technology and, 113
Health Systems Management Group,
153-154
Hirfendahl indices, 21-22
Honda, 34-35
Hospitals, productivity measures, 153- 154
Household activities
production and purchase of services,
96-97
I
Imports/exports, see International trade
Inflation, 109, 110
Information technologies, 160
capital investment, general, 118- 119,
121-125; by services sector, 125-132
data bases, 37-38, 232-233
economies of scale in information, 69
financial services and, 38, 131, 132- 133,
134, 193, 199, 201
Japan's international strategy, 192- 198
manufacturing and, 215, 219
productivity and, 133- 137
unfair competition via, 224
value added, 209
see also Computer hardware and software
Infrastructure, 12, 174, 219, 222, 224, 231
Japanese global strategy, 192, 193, 196,
201, 202
Innovation and technology, 6, 16-44,
76-78, 168, 213, 214
air express cargo, 162, 166
catalytic converters, 142
communications, 129- 130
competitive structures and, 26-27, 35-36,
118-137
computers, 132- 133
information industry, 118- 119, 122- 129
intensity measures, 129- 133
policy and, 110- 116
productivity, value added, and, 30,
105-108, 133-137
regulations and, 114- 115, 182, 220,
223-225, 231-232
resistance to, 69-70
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INDEX
time factors, 220-221
see also Research and development
Input-output analysis, 6-7, 8, 57-61, 74,
78-98, 100-108, 232-233
definitional issues, 70, 71-73, 93-96,
141-145
measurement issues, general, 139- 145,
155-158; by sector, 145-155
technology as factor, 99
Institute for Economic Analysis, 98
Insurance
manufacturing industry, interrelationship,
82-92
Nippon Life Insurance Company, 202,
208
United Kingdom, 38
Intellectual property, l l, 43, 110, 223-224
Interest and interest rates, ill, 112, 176,
220
International agreements
Air transport treaties, 164- 166
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade,
10, 39, 213, 230
with Japanese, semiconductor dumping,
197; financial services, 203
International Balance of Payments Annual,
169
International Classification of Diseases, 153
International Monetary Fund, 38-39, 169
International organizations
Bank for International Settlements, 225
European Economic Community, 41, 209,
219
Group of Ten, 219
International Monetary Fund, 38-39, 169
Organization for Economic Cooperation
and Development, 107- 108, 169- 181
(passim)
Society for World Interbank Financial
Telecommunications, 38
International trade, 9- 12, 38-44, 116,
167- 184, 228-230, 232
agreements, 10, 39, 164-166, 197, 203,
213
air transport, 164- 166
balance of trade/payments, 38-40, 116,
169, 173, 188, 217, 225
capital market, 36
classification of services, 173- 175
competitive structures, 35-36
computer hardware, Japanese strategy,
192-198, 220
243
dumping, 192, 193, 196- 197, 202-203
financial and banking services, general,
173, 176-177, 179-180; by
infrastructure and, general, 12, 174,
219, 222, 224, 231; by Japan, 192,
193, 196, 201, 202
Japan, 42-43, 187- 192, 193, 196, 201,
202, 198-210, 230-231
manufacturing services, 216-217
policy of U.S., 109
producer services industries growth, 69
protectionism, 192, 197, 205, 209, 230
social services and utilities, 181- 182
statistical overview, 169- 173
telecommunications and, 180
utilities, 181 - 182
Interstate Commerce Commission, 146- 147
Inventory, just-in-time, 34, 61, 160- 161,
162, 230
Investment
foreign by U.S., 39-42
foreign in U.S., 41-42, 173, 197,
201-202, 203-204, 208, 230
in infrastructure, 12
services, 23
tax incentives, 111-112, 116, 219, 220,
231
trade deficit and, 116, 173
see also Capital investment
J
Japan
banking and communications, 42-43
financial services, 42-43, 187- 192, 193,
198-210
Honda manufacturing/services interface,
34-35
information technology, 192- 198
international trade position, 11-12,
187-210, 220-221, 230-231
Job training, see Education and training
Job Training Partnership Act, 113, 116
Just-in-time inventory, 34, 61, 160- 161,
162, 230
K
Kendrick, John W., 7-8, 9, 23, 99-117,
223
Kettell, B., 233
Kutscher, Ronald E., 6, 7, 30, 47-75, 168
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244
L
Labor costs and efficiency, 113-114
measurement, 134-135, 143-145
Laws, see Legal services; Statutes
Leasing services, 202
Legal services, 37, 69
LEXIS, 37
Loans, 150-151
international, by Japan, 189, 200
Local government, 114, 152
Lockheed, 37
London Stock Exchange, 193
M
Macroeconomics, 220-222, 231
services role in U.S. economy, 76-97
Management
occupations in manufacturing, 62-63,
66-67
participatory, 113-114
Managing Innovation: Cases from the
Services Industries, 1, 213
Manpower
international movement of skilled
professionals, 11
Occupational Employment Statistics
(OES), 61, 64, 74
productivity and, 134
see also Education and training;
Employment and unemployment
Manufacturing costs, 216
Manufacturing industries
clerical workers, 62-66, 67
deindustrialization, 1-5
employment trends, 28-30, 62-64
growth, 16
interdependence with services industries,
6-7, 19-20, 32-35, 60-68, 76-77,
82-98, 167, 211-212, 214-219, 220
macroeconomic and tax supports, 220-222
managerial occupations, 62-63, 66-67
professional and technical workers, 62-63,
65, 66-67
staffing patterns, 66-67
unbundling of manufacturing/services,
60-68, 73
Mark, Jerome A., 7, 8-9, 23, 139-159
Marketing, 24
Mead Data Central, 37
Measurement issues
INDEX
government productivity, 151- 152
international trade, 39, 44, 177, 228-229
labor input, 143- 145
productivity, general, 6-7, 8-9, 22-23,
105, 134, 135, 139-143, 155-158,
213; by sector, 145-155
technology intensity measures (TIMs),
129-133
see also Bureau of Labor Statistics;
Classifications; Statistics
Military, see Defense industries
Minorities, 54-56
Mitsubishi Bank, 201
N
National Academy of Engineering, 113
National Center for Health Statistics, 154
National Cooperative Research Act of 1984,
111
National Institutes of Education, 113
National Science Foundation, 110, 113, 116,
228
National Study on Trade in Services, 41
Newspapers, 37
New York Stock Exchange, 188, 192
NEXIS, 37
Nippon Life Insurance Company, 202, 208
Noruma Securities Company, 202
o
Occupational Employment Statistics (OES),
61, 64, 74
Office of Management and Budget, 114
Office of Technology Assessment, 39, 173
Oil crises, 108
Organizational frameworks and structures
37-38
infrastructure development, 12, 174, 192,
193, 196, 201, 202
Japanese global strategy, 191 -210
manufacturing/services interdependence,
6-7, 19-20, 32-35, 60-68, 76-77,
82-98, 167, 211-212, 214-219, 220
unbundling of manufacturing/services, 6,
60-68, 73
Organization for Economic Cooperation and
Development (OECD), 107- 108,
169-181 (passim)
OCR for page 245
INDEX
p
Parts, see Repair and parts services
Part-time employment, 30
Passenger transport, airlines, 37-38, 41
Patents, see Intellectual property
Pauli, Gunter A., 11 - 12, 187-210, 229
Personal services, productivity, 153- 154
Policy issues, 1-14, 211-233
financial services, 208-210
human resources, 225-228
productivity and technological advance,
108-116
research, 12- 14
Postal services
electronic banking in Britain and, 38
manufacturing industry, interrelationship,
88-92
Poverty, 113
Presidential Task Force on Market
Mechanisms, 224-225
President's Commission on Industrial
Competitiveness, 112- 113, 228
President's Competitiveness Initiative, 111,
113
Prices, 60, 74, 142-143
dumping (trade), 192, 193, 196- 197,
202-203
in Japanese global strategy, 192, 193,
195, 196-197, 202-203, 205
Privatization, 38
Producer Price Index, 74
Producer services, employment, 6, 57-60,
67-69, 74
Productivity and production
business services, captive production,
93-96
by economic sector/industry group, 2-3,
18, 24, 25
Gross Domestic Product, 41, 100-104
Gross National Product, 17, 19, 41, 58-
60, 62, 73, 100-104, 108-110, 112
Gross Product Originating series, 2-4
growth in services, 7-9, 23
household production and purchases of
services, 96-97
input-output analysis, 6-7, 8, 57-61, 74,
78-98, 99-108
measurement of, general, 6-7, 8-9,
22-23, 105, 134, 135, 139-143,
155-158, 213; by sector, 145-155
personal services, 153- 154
245
policies to promote, 108-116, 212-213
real gross product, 100
services, factors in, 99-117
technology and, 30, 105- 108, 133- 137
total factor productivity, 100- 104
Professional and technical workers
government regulation and, 69
in manufacturing, 62-63, 65, 66-67
Profit Impact of Market Strategy (PIMS),
20, 22
Protectionism, 192, 197, 205, 209, 230
Public services
recession effects, 32
Public utilities, see Utilities
Q
Quality of services, 142
disintermediation and, 37
Quinn, James Brian, 6-7, 12- 13, 16-46,
211-234
R
Reagan administration, 111, 112- 113, 197,
224-225, 228
Real gross product, 100-104
Recession, services sector effects, 120
on employment, 30-32
Regression analysis, 105- 108
Regulation/deregulation
air cargo, 163- 166
antitrust, 37, 111, 115, 224
catalytic converters, 142
Europe, 36, 41, 209, 219
financial services, 36-37, 208-209
innovation and, 36-38
intellectual property, 11, 43, 110,
223-224
international, 10, 11, 39, 43, 163-166,
197, 200, 203, 213, 225
legal services, 69
as productivity factor, 107, 108, 114- 115
services associated with proliferation of,
69
small businesses, 116
technological change and, 114-115, 182,
220, 223-225, 231-232
transportation, 163-166, 219
Repair and parts services, 153
Research and development, 232
academic, 111, 116
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246
case study method, 1, 99- 100, 117, 213
federal role, 13, 110-111, 113, 116
international competition and, 43
on policy, 12- 14, 108- 109
private investment in, 22, 111- 112, 116
productivity and, 105- 106, 108, 110- 111
regression analysis, 105- 108
Retail trade, 34, 37, 131
financial services, 179
productivity measures, 148- 149
Roach, Stephen S., 8, 9, 21, 118-138
S
Salaries and wages, 232
future trends, 29-30,
R&D and, 110
by sector, 4-5
see also Labor costs and efficiency
Sanwa Bank, 201, 202
Savings, 111
Securities trading, 27, 224
global, 36
Japanese, 188- 189, 202
taxes, 221
Semiconductors, 195- 198, 199, 209
Services industries
definitional issues, 18, 47, 48, 70, 71-72,
74, 77-78, 93-96, 140-143,
167-168, 173-175
development and role of in U.S., 5-6, 16,
76-98
goods economy vs services economy,
70-73, 76-77
interdependence with manufacturing, 6-7,
19-20, 32-35, 60-68, 76-77,
82-98, 167, 211-212, 214-219, 220
macroeconomics, 5-6, 16, 76-98,
220-222, 231
organizational frameworks and structures,
12, 37-38, 174, 192, 193, 196, 201,
202
policy issues, 1 - 14, 108- 116, 211 -233
unbundling of manufacturing/services, 6,
60-68, 73
see also specific industries
Shearson Lehman Brothers, 202, 208
Singapore, 38
Small Business Administration, 116
Small-scale operations, 21, 37
Smith, Frederick W., 9, 160-166, 230
Social services
INDEX
internationalization, 182
privatization, 38
Society for World Interbank Financial
Telecommunications, 38
Standard Industrial Classification (SIC), 23,
47, 66, 93, 94, 95, 145
State government, 114, 152
deregulation, 164
Statistics
business services, captive production,
93-96
household production and purchases.
96-97
international trade, 169- 173, 177
national data collection efforts, 8
Occupational Employment Statistics
(OES), 61, 64, 74
output definitions, 70, 71-73, 93-96, 141
regression analysis, 105- 108
Standard Industrial Classification (SIC).
Statutes
23, 47, 66, 93, 94, 95, 145
see also Bureau of Labor Statistics;
Classifications; Measurement issues
Job Training Partnership Act, 113, 116
National Cooperative Research Act of
1984, 111
Tax Act of 1986, 112
see also Regulation/deregulation
Sumitomo Bank, 201, 208
Supply/demand, 34
GNP, employment growth, and, 58-60,
62, 73
for international services, 174- 176,
177-180
T
Tax Act of 1986, 112
Taxes
investment and other credits, 111- 112,
116, 219, 220, 231
R&D credits, 110
tuition credits, 113
Taxonomies, see Classifications
Technology, see Innovation and technology;
Research and development
Technology intensity measures, 129-133
Telecommunications, see Communications
Telephone industry, 147, 221
Tokyo Stock Exchange, 188
Total factor productivity, 100- 104
OCR for page 247
INDEX
Trade, see International trade
Training, see Education and training
Transportation industries
deregulation, 37
manufacturing industry, interrelationship,
82-91
productivity measures, 146- 147
see also Air transport; Freight transport
U
Unbundling of manufacturing/services, 6,
60-68, 73
Unemployment, see Employment and
unemployment
United Kingdom, 23-24, 32, 38, 224
Universities, 111, 115- 116, 228
Utilities
internationalization, 181- 182
manufacturing industry, interrelationship,
88-91
privatization, 38
productivity measures, 148
V
Value added
information technology, 209
247
international trade and, 231
Japanese global strategy, 192, 193,
197-198
manufacturing vs services, 18-20, 25,
33-34, 216
tax on, 112
technology and, 30
W
Wages, see Salaries and wages
Walter E. Heller, 201
Washington Business Group on Health, 233
Wasserstein Perella, 202
Wholesale trade, 37
information technology dependence, 131,
132
manufacturing industry, interrelationship,
88-91
productivity measures, 149-150
Women, 30
Working conditions, 32
Wright, Richard W., 11 - 12, 187-210, 229
y
Yale University, 153
Representative terms from entire chapter:
international trade
