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Human Factors in Automated and Robotic Space Systems: Proceedings of a Symposium (1987)
Board on Human-Systems Integration (BOHSI)

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. "Synopsis of General Audience Discussion." Human Factors in Automated and Robotic Space Systems: Proceedings of a Symposium. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 1987.

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Page
87
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Page
87
Front Matter (R1-R14)
Symposium Summary (1-10)
Opening Session (11-12)
Welcome (13-14)
Introduction (15-16)
Keynote Address: Human Factors Research for the NASA Space Station (17-28)
Session I: System Productivity: People and Machines (29-30)
Productivity in the Space Station (31-81)
Discussion: Comments on System Productivity: People and Machines (82-86)
Synopsis of General Audience Discussion (87-88)
Session II: Expert Systems and Their Use (89-90)
AI Systems in the Space Station (91-112)
Expert Systems: Applications in Space (113-141)
Discussion: Comments on Expert Systems and Their Use (142-146)
Synopsis of General Audience Discussion (147-148)
Session III: Language and Displays for Human-Computer Interaction (149-150)
Change in Human-Computer Interfaces on the Space Station: Why it Needs to Happen and How to Plan for It (151-175)
Cognitive Factors in the Design and Development of Software in the Space Station (176-200)
Discussion: Designing for the Face of the Future: Research Issues in Human-Computer Interaction (201-207)
Synopsis of General Audience Discussion (208-208)
Session IV: Computer-Aided Monitoring and Decision Making (209-210)
Robustness and Transparency in Intelligent Systems (211-233)
Decision Making-Aided and Unaided (234-262)
Discussion: Issues in Design and Uncertainty (263-274)
Synopsis of General Audience Discussion (275-276)
Session V: Telepresence and Supervisory Control (277-278)
Teleoperation, Telepresence, and Telorobotics: Research Needs for Space (279-291)
Telerobotics for the Evolving Space Station: Research Needs and Outstanding Problems (292-319)
Discussion: Comments on Telepresence and Supervisory Control (320-322)
Synopsis of General Audience Discussion (323-326)
Session VI: Social Factors in Productivity and Performance (327-328)
Social Stress, Computer-Mediated Communication Systems, and Human Productivity in Space Stations: A Research Agenda (329-355)
Control, Conflict, and Crisis Management in the Space Station (356-389)
Discussion: Conflict and Stress in the Space Station (390-401)
Synopsis of General Audience Discussion (402-402)
Session VII: The Human Role in Space Systems (403-404)
The Roles of Humans and Machines in Space (405-417)
Sharing Cognitive Tasks Between People and Computers in Space Systems (418-443)
Discussion: Comments on the Human Role in Space Systems (444-450)
Synopsis of General Audience Discussion (451-452)
Conclusion (453-454)
Concluding Remarks by Allen Newell (455-456)
Concluding Remarks by Thomas B. Sheridan (457-462)
Appendix: Symposium Program (463-464)

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OCR for page 87
SYNOPSIS OF (~AL AUDIENCE DISCUSSION Areas of Concern loo ads of the space station provide different concerns for eval~tir~ human prc~uctivit~r. Houselmepir~g activities may prove to be an important candidate for pr~uctivit~r improvement in terms of rec~cir~ Me aground of time required to perform these functions. Another major component of the space station is the conduct of scientific activities. Improving productivity related to space research activities appear to be more difficult to measure. In addition to 'on orbit' space station concerns, the integration of groun5-control and on-boar] activities is a prime candidate for productivity improvement studies. Productivity Metrics Several of the components related to human productivity in space will be difficult to quantify. Consequently, the accuracy and viability of these measures may be somewhat questionable at certain units of analysis. This underscores the appropriate choice of the unit of analysis. In addition, qualitative measures may need to be substituted for quantitative measures In certain instan~--c. Treasons T-=rned Analysis of other isolated, long duration missions such as early warning systems and sea lab may be useful in making assumptions and generating initial models of key parameters related to productivity for space-related missions. For example, isolations may be a catalyst to trigger stress factors affecting productivity. Caution, needs to be exercised in extrapolating from these analogs, because city differences exist. Nonetheless, evaluation of these relate] systems may be useful In isolating a common thread of critical variables affecting human productivity. 87

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