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Current Status of
Neuiron-Scattering
Research and Facilities
in the United States
Panel on Neutron Scattering
Solid State Sciences Committee
Board on Physics and Astronomy
Commission on Physical Sciences, Mathematics,
and Resources
National Research Council
NATIONAL ACADEMY PRESS
Washington. D.C. 1984
OCR for page R2
NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report
was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research
Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the
National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of
Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members
of committee responsible for the report were chosen for
their special competences and with regard for appropriate
balance. This report has been reviewed by a group other
than the authors according to procedures approved by a Report
Review Committee consisting of members of the National Academy
of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the
Institute of Medicine.
The National Research Council was established by the
National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to -associate the broad
community of science and technology with the Academy's purposes
of furthering knowledge and of advising the federal government.
The Council operates in accordance with general policies
determined by the Academy under the authority of its
congressional charter of 1863, which establishes the Academy
as a private, nonprofit, self-governing membership corporation.
The Council has become the principal operating agency of
both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy
of Engineering in the conduct
government, the public, and the
communities. It is administered
and the Institute of Medicine.
Engineering and the Institute of
in 1964 and 1970, respectively,
National Academy of Sciences.
of their services to the
scientific and engineering
jointly by both Academies
The National Academy of
Medicine were established
under the charter of the
The work reported here has been supported by the U.S. Department
of Energy, Division of Materials Sciences, under grant No.
DE-FG01-81ER10844, and by the National Science Foundation
under grant No. DMR-8119500.
Available from
National Academy Press
2101 Constitution Avenue, N.W.
Washington, DC 20418
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PANEL TO ASSESS THE CU~R1~ STATS OF FACILITIES ~ RES ~ CH
IN NEU1KON SCATTERING
JOHN J. RUSE, National Bureau of Standards, Chairman
JOHN D. AXE, BrooLhaven National Laboratory
ROBERT J. BIRGENEAU, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
WALTER L. BROWN, AT&T Bell Laboratories
JUERGEN ECEERT, Los Alamo s National Laboratory
DONALD M. ENGELMAN, Yale University
GERARD H. LANDER, Argonne National Laboratory
RALPH M. MOON, JR., Oak Ridge National Laboratory
RAYMOND L. ORBACH, University of California, Los Angeles
ROBERT ULLMAN, Ford Motor Company
JULIA R. WEERTMAN, Northwestern University
SAMUEL A. WERNER, University of Missouri, Columbia
Consultant to the Panel
1
J. MICHAEL ROWE, National Bureau of Standards
SSSC Liaison to the Panel
MICRAEL E. WILKINSON, Oak Ridge National Laboratory
iii
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SOLID STATE SCIENCES COMMITTEE
WILLIAM F. BRINEMAN, AT&T Bell Laboratories, Chairman
ALBERT NARATH, Sandia Laboratories, Chairman Elect
MARTIN BLUME, Broothaven National Laboratory
ROBERT T. BATE, Texas Instruments, Incorporated
H. KENT BOWEN, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
JEROME B. COHEN, Northwestern University
F.REn R. GAMBLE JR., Schlumberger-Doll Research
ROY G. GORDON, Harvard University
VINCENT JACCARINO, University of California
HERBERT H. JOHNSON, Cornell University
WILLIAM D. NIX, Stanford University
S. ELAINE B. PETRIE, Eastman Kodak Company
JOHN J. QUINN, Brown University
ALBERT I. SCHINDLER, Naval Research Laboratory
ROBB M. THOMSON, National Bureau of Standards
MICHAEL E. WILKINSON, Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Consultants to the Committee
WESLEY N. MATHEWS JR., Georgetown University
CHARLES E. REED, National Research Council
Staff
DONALD C. SEAPERO, National Research Council
1V
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BOARD ON PHYSICS AND ASTRONOMY
RAN S FRADENFELDER, University of Illinois, Chairman
FELIX B. BOEHM, California Institute of Technology
RICHARD G. BREWER, IBM Corporation
DEAN E. EASTMAN, IBM Corporation
JAMES E. GUNN, Princeton University
LEO P. EADANOFF, University of Chicago
W. CARL LINEBERGER, University of Colorado
NORMAN RAMSEY, Harvard University
MARSHALL N. ROSENBLUTH, University of Texas
WILLIAM P. SLICa1ER, AT&T Bell Laboratories
SAM B. TREIMAN, Princeton University
DONALD C. SEAPERO, Staff Director
v
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COMMISSION ON PHYSICAL SCIENCES, MATHEMATICS, AND RESOURCES
HERBERT FRIEDMAN, National Research Council, Chairman
ELEAN R. BLOUT, Harvard Medical School
WILLIAM BROODER, Princeton University
BERNARD F. BURKE, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
HERMAN CHERNOFF, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
MILDRFn S. DRESSELHAUS, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
WALTER R. ECEELMANN, Sohio Petroleum Company
JOSEPH L. FISHER, Office of the Governor, State of Virginia
JAMES C. FLETCHER, Burroughs Corporation
WILLIAM A. FOULER, California Institute of Technology
GEBHART FRIEDLANDER, Broothaven National Laboratory
EDWARD A. FRIEMAN, Science Applications, Inc.
EDWARD D. GOLDBERG, University of California
CEARLES L. HOSLER JR., Pennsylvania State University
CONRAD B. ERAUSEOPF, Stanford University
CHARLES J. MANKIN, Oklahoma Geological Survey
WALTER H. MANE, University of California
GEORGE E. PARE, Xerox Research Center
ROBERT E. SIEVERS, University of Colorado
HOWARD E. SIMMONS JR., E.I. do Pant de Nemours and Company,
Inc.
JOHN D. SPENGLER, Harvard School of Public Bealth
RATTEN S. YODER JR., Carnegie Institution of Washington
RAPHAEL G. EASPER, Executive Director
LAWRENCE E. McCRAY, Associate Executive Director
vi
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PREFACE
In the spring of 1983, the Solid State Sciences Committee,
in implementing one of a series of studies addressing the
health of this discipline, called together a group of experts
to assess the present status of U.S. facilities and capabilities
in the field of neutron-scattering research. The Panel
was also asked to review recent trends in the D.S. neutron-
scattering user community and to identify critical gaps
in U.S. capabilities in this field with respect to those
abroad. The Panel was charged to address primarily applications
of neutron-scattering techniques in the condensed-matter,
chemical, and biological sciences. It should be noted that
a number of other critical scientific and technological
areas (some of which are listed in Chapter 3 of the report)
require the use of high-performance neutron sources. It
is clear that these applications will have important implications
in any discussion of the design and utilization of neutron
sources in the future.
The Panel concluded that the United States has fallen
behind Western Europe in the use of cold neutron beams and
high-resolution spectroscopy. U.S. reactors remain world
class in terms of neutron-beam intensities, but the United
States lags in the development of new instrumentation on
the reactors. An additional problem is that they are aging.
Existing sources will be 20 to 25 years old by 1990. The
long-range implications are serious with respect to many
fundamental new applications of neutron-scattering research
~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~ those of
In the materials-related disciplines, including
technological importance.
The Panel's report stresses the need for an immediate
U.S. commitment to the development and installation of state-
of-the-art instrumentation at our present research reactors;
for support to permit full investigation and development
of pulsed sources; and to begin planning for the next generation
of neutron sources. The Panel emphasized the importance
of involvement of the user community in all stages of planning
of new facilities.
The Solid State Sciences Committee unanimously endorses
the Panel's conclusions and recommendations. We urge the
federal research agencies to move as quickly as possible
to strengthen U.S. capabilities in this highly competitive
and technologically promising field of research.
William F. Brinkman, Chairman
Solid State Sciences Committee
vii
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CONTENTS
1. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
2. INTRODUCTION
3. CURRENT STATUS OF NEUTRON-SCATTERING
FACILITIES IN THE UNITED STATES
4.
1
4
6
Facility Descriptions 7
The User Community 17
Comparison With the European Community 22
OVERSEAS NEUTRON-SCATTERING FACILITIES
Research Reactors
Pulsed Neutron Sources
RECENT NED'l'KON-SCArlERING RESEARCH IN LEE
UNITED STATES; COMPARISONS WITH EUROPE
Condensed-Matter Physics
Neutron Optics
Chemistry
Biology
Polymer and Colloid Science
Materials Science and Engineering
6. FUTURE OPPORTUNITIES: FACILITIES AND
RESEARCH
Condensed-Matter Physics
Chemistry
Biology
Polymers
Materials Science
Neutron Optics
APPENDIX A. INSTITUTIONAL SPONSORS OF USERS OF
MAJOR NEUTRON-SCATTERING FACILITIES IN THE
UNITED STATES (JULY 1982-JUNE 1983)
ix
26
26
31
34
34
56
59
69
77
83
90
91
93
94
96
97
98
103
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