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ELI KENNERLY MARSHALL, JR.
May 2, 1889-January 10, 1966
BY THOMAS H. MAREN
TH E ~ D E A S A N D ~ D E A ~ S of the nineteenth century are
embodied in many men anc! women born in late Victo-
rian times, anc! so live on to the present. In this tradition was
Eli Kennerly Marshall, ir., who servect the Johns Hopkins
University School of Medicine for thirty-five years, first as
professor of physiology, then of pharmacology and experi-
mental therapeutics. Now near the end of our own century,
it is fitting to review and celebrate the life of a scientist who
macle giant strides towarc! the twenty-first.
Marshall was born in Charleston, South Carolina, on May
2, TSS9. His father's family came from England in the early
part of the century. His paternal grandmother, Susan, was
the daughter of Eli Kennerly, a Virginian who migrated to
South Carolina. His mother's family was more varied. One
si(le of her family was English-his merchant grandfather
(Brown) was a clescendant of the Rev. Samuel Andrew, a
founder of Yale, ant] George Treat, one-time governor of
Connecticut. His maternal grandmother (Beckmann) ap
peared more exotic; Marshall's notes say her family included
members of German, French, and Russian descent. He once
mentioned that he was part Russian-a rather incongruous
note and there was no whiff of the East in his character. He
retained throughout his life the accent and many of the at
313
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314
BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS
titudes common in Charleston, which in the days of his up-
bringing was a somewhat unique cultural enclave.
On both sickles his family was "in trade" in Charleston. His
father ran the successful shoe business built up by his moth-
er's father, and they all lived in the maternal granclparents'
pleasant home, surrounded by aunts and (mostly) female
children. Life moved in stately and routine fashion; there
were large, early breakfasts; dinners at 3:00; and late, coIc!
suppers. An isolated and shy boy, he went to private schools
and graduated first in his class from Charleston High School.
No effort seems to have been made to widen his horizons; he
was sent to the small but excellent College of Charleston. He
graduated at the age of nineteen in 190S, the only chemist
in a class of eight men. As he describes those days: "I was
cIevotec! to books, took no interest in athletics, ant! really led
a rather narrow life of the mind. College, except in an intel-
lectual way, was for me a failure. No lasting friendships were
made, and as ~ see it now, my college was a high school and
my post-gracluate years in chemistry, a poor makeshift for
college."
He embarkoct on these graduate years at Johns Hopkins
in 190X; there had been some Hopkins teachers and ac-
quaintances in the city of Charleston and at college. He lived
in a boarding house near the old University on Little Rose
Street; again he was quite isolated. It would be most agree-
able to say, from the vantage of seventy-five years, that this
unspoilect innocent found, at the golden dawn of Johns Hop-
kins, the inspiration he craved and deservecI. Alas, this first
year was "a shattering of illusions." bra Remsen, who hack
been director of the Chemistry Department, was now presi-
dent of the University ant] kept partial control of the de-
partment, with no strong successors. Marshall was assigned
to a thesis acivisor ant! a topic that he deemecl "unthinkable,"
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ELI KENNERLY MARSHALL, JR.
315
and he returned to Charleston the next summer in the fierce
indignation that was to become so characteristic. He ar-
ranged to complete his graduate work at the University of
Chicago, but his old college professor, Francis Parker, in-
terceded at Hopkins and arranged for Marshall to choose his
own thesis advisor, Associate Professor of Organic Chemistry
S. F. Acree. He returned to Baltimore, but his notes about
the time, written thirty-five years later, were full of excIama-
tion points and attacks on those "old men" who ciared
threaten his freedom.
The next two years, finally, "were extremely happy and
pleasant," despite the ebb of the department. Acree gave him
plenty of independence and he read widely in the excellent
library, including the works of Emil Fischer, Nef, and Gom-
berg. He had planned to go into industry, but unaccountably
he became interested in physiological chemistry. In 191~ he
took an assistantship in that subject in the Medical School
with Walter Jones, beginning the association in three de-
partments that was to last forty-five years.
He received the Ph.D. in chemistry and sailed to Europe
in the summer of ~ 9 ~ 2, with a letter of introduction (but with
no advance notice and no place to stay) to AbderhaIden at
the Physiology Institute at Halle. He was accepted, but again
seemed isolated: little English was spoken, his German was
weak, and he did not care for the system in which Herr Pro-
fessor gave directions each morning to the staff for the day's
work. But the loner was to triumph: "I spent time reading in
the small department library.... ~ wanted to study enzyme
action . . . ran across literature on urease and decided to work
with it when ~ returned to Baltimore in the fall." But if only
Marshall could have visited Paul Ehrlich at Frankfort-am
~ "Walter Jones," in Biographical Memoirs of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 20
(Washington, D.C.: National Academy of Sciences, 1943), pp. 79-139.
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316
BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS
Main! Did he even know then of Ehrlich, whose name was to
be coupled with his a quarter of a century later?
Back in Baltimore that winter, Marshall did just as he
planned and attacked the urease problem with great force.
It turned from a purely chemical exercise into a methodo-
logical triumph for physiology and chemistry (Section I be-
low). Marshall wrote, "It was quite worthwhile to be on the
mountaintop for a short time."
Marshall thought Jones unimaginative and not interested
in his work. Had he stayed with Jones, would he have slid off
that mountain? Jones thought there wasn't much left to do
in physiological chemistry, and he couldn't do much for Mar-
shall anyway. But there was a dens ex machine, or more ac-
curately, a godlike figure on the floor below John Jacob
~ ~ ,
Abel,2 professor of pharmacology, already a world figure.
Abe! was a gentle farmboy and school principal from Ohio
who had gone to Europe for seven years "to prepare myself
for the JOth century." There he studied medicine, chemistry,
physiology, and pathology before becoming one of the
founding chairmen at Johns Hopkins in 1893. He had iso-
lated epinephrine from the adrenal, begun work on the ar-
tificial kidney, studied chemotherapy of trypanosomiasis with
antimony compounds, crystallized insulin, pioneered work
on the posterior pituitary, and founded both the American
Society of Biological Chemists and the American Society for
Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. Most signif-
icantly, he believed that "the investigator is the
1 r r ',
inner llle IS tree.
man whose
Marshall had caught Abel's eye; indeed, the two depart-
ments lunched together, an important tradition that was to
last many years. Abe! arranged for Marshall to transfer to
pharmacology, but with the most significant and serious pro
2 ''John Jacob Abel," in Biographical Memoirs of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.
24 (Washington, D.C.: National Academy of Sciences, 1947), pp. 231-57.
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ELI KENNERLY MARSHALL, JR.
317
viso: that Marshall would study medicine. Rather compli-
catecT arrangements tract to be macle, because at that time
faculty were not permitted to study for a clegree. Marshall
ended up (loin" the basic sciences (except biochemistry, phys-
iology, and pharmacology, which he never took!) at Wisconsin
and Chicago cluring the summers, but somehow the rule was
relaxed so that he did his clinical work at the Johns Hopkins
Hospital. Marshall's medical training had profound implica-
tions for him, as well as for generations of his students; he
never ceases! to bless Abe! for this advice. He received the
Hopkins M.D. in ~ 9 ~ 7.
During those years he lived most contentecIly at the oIc!
Johns Hopkins Club at the corner of Monument and Howard
streets. Intellectually and socially, it was a rich period. There
was a host of young scholars from the medical school and the
university, who tradecl shoptalk, gossip, and beer on Saturday
nights. Much later he recalled Barnett (statistics), Mustard
(Latin), and Lovejoy (philosophy). An appealing scene is that
of Ecigerton, a Sanskrit man and later professor at Yale, react
ing Hindu stories to Marshall at midnight, over crackers and
cheese.
This episode in Marshall's life encled with three events:
his graduation from medical school, service in World War I,
and marriage to a Hopkins classmate, Berry Carroll, of Co-
Jumbus, Ohio. She later macle a career as psychiatrist to the
Children's Court in Baltimore, while raising three children.
Marshall was assigned, with the rank of captain, to the Chem-
ical Warfare Service in Washington, where he worked until
the enct of the war.
In this unlikely setting, Marshall macle a motion indenen
~ ~ - ~ --- -- -A
dent discovery Homer W. Smith,3 who was clestinect to be
3 "Homer W. Smith," in Biographical Memoirs of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.
39 (New York: Columbia University Press for the National Academy of Sciences,
1967), pp. 445-70.
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318
BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS
come the world leader in renal physiology. But in 1918, Smith
was an enlisted man from Cripple Creek, Colorado, where
he had sold vacuum cleaners. Marshall noticed that a light
always burned late in the back laboratory; investigation one
night revealed a tall skinny young man (not unlike the cap-
tain himself) who stuttered and had a passion for chemistry,
literature, and music. If the captain was burdened with two
doctorates, the sergeant had none at all, and Marshall re-
solved to repair this. Meanwhile, they published three excel-
lent papers on mustard gas, prepared in the quantitative and
chemical spirit that was to characterize the work of both in
the years ahead. There was some effort to get Smith into
medical school after the war, but he ended with the D.Sc.
from the Johns Hopkins School of Hygiene and Public
Health, where he worked on the pharmacology of arsenic.
Seven years later, when both were involved in the study of
renal physiology, they met again in Maine, where they collab-
orated briefly in a pioneering study of vertebrate evolution
in light of the development of the glomerulus. They were
neighbors, friends, antagonists, colleagues, and rivals at the
Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory for thirty-five
years. To ask for more would be unrealistic, in view of their
very different characters.
Back at Hopkins in early 1919, Marshall and his new fam-
ily happily faced a gas-lit apartment on West Baltimore
Street, a low budget, and some interesting decisions. He
thought of going with a drug company as research director,
but there were no offers and Abel was unsympathetic to this.
He was offered a professorship in the Peking Union Medical
School, with responsibility for the combined departments of
physiological chemistry, physiology, and pharmacology (the
curriculum of the twenty-first century?), but turned it down
with little thought. Only at the close of his life did he speak
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ELI KENNERLY MARSHALL, JR.
319
sadly of this quite out of character for him as a great
missecI opportunity. He took the more conventional way and
accepted the chair of pharmacology at Washington Univer-
sity in St. Louis. But in less than two years, too little time for
lasting impressions on Marshall or Washington, the offer
came from Hopkins, through Abel, to succeed Howell in the
chair of physiology. His single, short journey outside Hop-
kins was over. His only reservation in returning was that
somehow he had never taken a course in physiology, but he
reasoned that he had never taken physiological chemistry or
pharmacology either and had aIrea(ly taught both.
There must have been a very special quality in Marshall
that brought him to this ctistinguished chair at age thirty-two
and led Hopkins to pass over the more orthodox cancliclates.
His papers up to that time were surely of good quality, but
there were no outstanding contributions to physiology. Of
course, his training was remarkable; it may be notect that he
was not an M.D.-Ph.D. in the modern sense of a combined
degree. He tract two separate anti significant tracks to a career
in pharmacology: chemistry and medicine. His scholarship,
vigor, singleness of purpose, and forthright honesty couIcI
not have failer! to impress.
His bibliography from 1910 to 1920 charts his gradual
transition from pure chemistry to physiology and pharma-
cology. The urea method! hack opened the cloor to these later
studies, notably on the effects of adrenalectomy on the kid-
ney (Section I). It was not long before this promise and these
gifts came to fruition. In October 1922 he react to the Johns
Hopkins Medical Society the "Proof of Secretion by the Con-
voluted Tubules": he had discovered active transport! Some
details of this fincting and the ensuing controversy are given
below (Section Il). In the published paper (1923) he seems
to have leapt fifty years over the heads of his contemporaries
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BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS
to bring an entire new field into focus. It was to be another
twenty-five years before it gathered the great impetus that it
has now.
In January 1923, just as his great paper with Vickers on
the proof of secretion was published, Marshall sailecI to Eu
rope "carefree and happy" with his family. In this mem-
orable year he met most of the scientists who had been only
names to him. "E. H. Starling of University College was par-
ticularly nice to me . . . we sat in his little office in front of a
small fire . . . we discussed Physiology . . . my going into it
without orthodox training. Starling said 'we need men bring-
ing gifts, a new point of view.' I then felt that maybe I could
do something."
The next few months were spent in Cambridge. "Here, I
worked with Joseph Barcroft (with whom I tract had much
correspondence, cluring the war, on gas warfare). This was a
clelightful time. We took a furnished hole se had a 'general'
and excellent nurse for the children. 1 enjoyed dining in Col-
lece at the high table. My wife says that if I had not been
~ ~ .
· ~ T ~ 1 ~ ~ 1 1 _1 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 1 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ A
married, 1 snoulcl nave pulled eVeI y sr~-~g, ~v~ an t~J~V111~
a Fellow of one of the Cambridge Colleges anti live the (le-
lightfu! life there."
He went to Edinburgh to confront Arthur R. Cushny,
whose book, The Secretion of Urine, and "modern theory" were
wi(lely accepted. The theory embraced filtration and reab-
sorption only, even though Bowman and Heidenhain had
spoken of secretion much earlier. Cushny was unmoved by
.
Marshall's visit, or his papers, and still rejectee! secretion in
the 1926 edition of his book. It is clear that Cushny could not
accept the idea that cells reabsorbed and secretes] or that clif-
ferent substances could be handled in different ways.
Marshall spent "several delightful weeks" in the reacting
physiology laboratory of Europe August Krogh's in Copen-
hagen. "This was his old laboratory, an old house machine
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ELI KENNERLY MARSHALL, JR.
321
shop and 'diener's' quarters on the ground floor, laboratory
on the second floor, and Krogh's living arrangements on the
top floor. There were no cupboards in the laboratory and
one could roam around and see all the apparatus Krogh had
made and used on high shelves. Krogh used to say that if one
could theorize and reason correctly for five or ten minutes
in physiology without doing an experiment, one was very
lucky."
He returned to Baltimore greatly invigorated and no
longer worried about his lack of training. The secretion prob-
lem occupied and stimulated him. The Physiology Depart-
ment at Hopkins under Marshall was small and appears to
have taken social as well as midday nourishment from Abel's
pharmacology group. Like Abel, Marshall gave relatively
little time or energy to medical school teaching. Their idea
of curricular reform was probably to move toward the small-
est number of class hours possible; at one time Abel was run-
ning about eighty hours for the entire course. Both anon
made their influence felt by force of character and example
in subtle ways. In those far-out and very active days, Marshall
appeared intense and somewhat remote to his colleagues; he
is said to have changed little between 1925 and 1955. He
enjoyed reading, and in younger days, walking, but had no
hobbies. He liked good company in small doses and looked
forward to lunches and dinners at the Hamilton Street Club
in downtown Baltimore with a small and select group of law-
yers, writers, businessmen, and Hopkins professors. He was
something of an ascetic; the life of an English don would have
been eminently suitable for him.
His physical presence matched his cast of mind. Tall, thin,
handsome, well-groomed, and formal, with a strident voice
bearing the accent of Charleston, he was uninhibited in giv-
ing opinions or criticism of scientific peers. He was famous
for his (well-placed) profanity, but this too was selective and
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322
BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS
emphatic. Three old-fashioned staples were user! with such
skill (clamp, hell, anti bastard) that he never needec! or even
hinted at the sexual expletives. He had the social graces of
his "caste," but no social ambitions or "snobbery." He was a
very private person and wouIcl not share personal or family
. . .
adversities.
As he grew older, his photophobia and intermittent cIau-
dication worsened, so he die! not enjoy the outdoors. As we
shall see, his scientific world expandecl, but his private intel-
lectual world continued to be less than that of the usual aca-
demic. In the 1920s and after he seemed to revert to the
isolates! ways of his boyhood. He hac! little interest in litera-
ture, art, religion, music, sports, or philosophy; thus he re-
mainect at a distance from most of us. The key was science,
and to realize that despite his austere and (to some) fright-
ening presence, he was fundamentally kind, supportive, and
optimistic about himself and his close colleagues.
In 1932 Abe! retired and Marshall was appointee! to his
chair, which was renamed Pharmacology and Experimental
Therapeutics. There were several reasons for this rather un-
usual academic shift; dominant were the desire "to be the oIct
man's successor," and the feeling, strong in Marshall at age
forty-three, that his destiny lay closer to chemistry than to
physiology.
There followed an unusual time, for at the peak of his
intellectual power and prestige Marshall idled, waiting for
chance or observation to point to the future. He was finisher!
with the kidney; secretion was proved and accepted by all,
and it interested him no longer. In this time of waiting, he
die! make an important observation in a different area from
all his other major work: that in respiratory depression an-
oxia provides a major ventilatory drive mediated through the
sino-aortic mechanism (Section III). This tract the mark of
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ELI KENNERLY MARSHALL, JR.
343
With A. C. Kolls. The effect of nicotin on the two kidneys after
unilateral section of the splanchnic nerve. I. Pharmacol. Exp.
Ther., 9:347.
1918
With Vernon Lynch and H. W. Smith. On dichlorethylsulphide
(mustard gas). I. The systemic effects and mechanism of action.
I. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 12:265-90.
With Vernon Lynch and Homer W. Smith. On dichlorethylsulphide
(mustard gas). II. Variations in susceptibility of the skin to di-
chlorethylsulphide. I. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 12:291-301.
1919
With A. C. Kolls. An apparatus for the administration of gases and
vapors to animals. i. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 12: 385-91.
With Homer W. Smith and George H. A. Clowes. On dichloro-
ethylsulfide (mustard gas). IV. The mechanism of absorption by
the skin. }. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 13: 1-30.
An Institute for Cooperative Research as an aid to the American
drug industry. I. Ind. Eng. Chem., 11 :64.
With A. C. Kolls. Studies on the nervous control of the kidney in
relation to diuresis and urinary secretion. I to V, inclusive. Am.
J. Physiol., 49:302-43.
Mustard gas. }. Am. Med. Assoc., 73:684-86.
1920
The influence of diuresis on the elimination of urea, creatinine
and chlorides. }. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 16: 141-54.
With John W. Williams. The toxicity and skin irritant effect of cer-
tain derivatives of dichloroethyl sulfide. }. Pharmacol. Exp.
Ther., 16:259-72.
1921
With Marian M. Crane. A separation of substances eliminated by
the kidney into groups on the basis of the effects of changes in
blood flow and temporary anemia. Am. }. Physiol., 55:278-79.
1922
The effect of loss of carbon dioxide on the hydrogen ion concen-
tration of urine. I. Biol. Chem., 51:3-10.
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344
BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS
With B. S. Neuhausen. An electrochemical study of the condition
of several electrolytes in the blood. }. Biol. Chem., 53:365-72.
With Marian M. Crane. Studies on the nervous control of the kid-
ney in relation to diuresis and urinary secretion. VI. The effect
of unilateral section of the splanchnic nerve on the elimination
of certain substances by the kidney. Am. J. Physiol., 62:330-40.
1923
With I. L. Vickers. The mechanism of the elimination of phenol-
sulphonephthalein by the kidney. A proof of secretion by the
convoluted tubules. The Johns Hopkins Hosp. Bull., 34: 1-7.
With Marian M. Crane. The influence of temporary closure of the
renal artery on the amount and composition of urine. Am. I.
Physiol., 64:387-403.
With Joseph Barcroft. The effect of external temperatures on the
minute volume in man. Q. J. Exp. Physiol., Suppl.: 180-81.
With Joseph Barcroft. Note on the effect of external temperature
on the circulation in man. l. Physiol., 58:145-56.
1924
With Marian M. Crane. The secretory function of the renal tu-
bules. Am. I. Physiol., 70:465-88.
With i. G. Edwards. Microscopic observations of the living kidney
after the injection of phenolsulphonephthalein. Am. I. Physiol.,
70:489-95.
With }. Leonard Vickers. Permeability of the urinary bladder to
urea and sodium chloride. Am. i. Physiol., 70:607-12.
1925
Cardiac output. Am. I. Physiol., 72:192.
1926
Studies on the cardiac output of the dog. Am. I. Physiol., 76:178-
79.
Studies on the cardiac output of the dog. I. The cardiac output of
the normal unanesthetized dog. Am. J. Physiol., 77:459-73.
The secretion of urine. Physiol. Rev., 6:440-84.
American contemporaries. John Jacob Abel. Ind. Eng. Chem.,
18:984.
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ELI KENNERLY MARSHALL, JR.
345
Studies on the cardiac output of the dog. II. The influence of atro-
pine and carbon dioxide on the circulation of the unanesthe-
tized dog. I. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 29:167-75.
1928
With Geo. A. Harrop, Jr., and Arthur Grollman. The use of nitro-
gen for determining the circulatory minute volume. Am. }.
Physiol., 86:99-109.
With Arthur Grollman. The time necessary for rebreathing in a
lung-bag system to attain homogeneous mixture. Am. I. Phys-
iol., 86:110-16.
With Arthur Grollman. A method for the determination of the
circulatory minute volume in man. Am. I. Physiol., 86:117-37.
With Allan L. Grafflin. Structure and function of kidney in Lophius
piscatorius. Am. I. Physiol., 85:391.
With Allan L. Grafflin. The structure and function of the kidney
of Lophius p~scatorius. Bull. Johns Hopkins Hosp., 43:205 -35.
1929
The secretion of urine by the aglomerular kidney. Am. }. Physiol.,
90:446-47.
The aglomerular kidney of the toadfish (Opsanus taut. Bull. Johns
Hopkins Hosp., 45:95 - 101.
1930
The cardiac output of man. Medicine, 9:175-94.
A comparison of the function of the glomerular and aglomerular
kidney. Am. J. Physiol., 94:1-10.
With Homer W. Smith. The glomerular development of the ver-
tebrate kidney in relation to habitat. Biol. Bull., 59:135-53.
1931
Physiology of today. In: Biology in Human Affairs, ed. Edward M.
East, pp. 272-91. New York: Whittlesey House-McGraw-Hill.
The secretion of phenol red by the mammalian kidney. Am. I.
Physiol., 99:77-86.
1932
With Allan Lyle Grafflin. The function of the proximal convoluted
segment of the renal tubule. I. Cell. Comp. Physiol., 1: 161-76.
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346
BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS
Kidney secretion in reptiles. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med., 29:971-
73.
The secretion of urea in the frog. }. Cell. Comp. Physiol., 2:349-
53.
1933
With Allan L. Grafflin. Excretion of inorganic phosphate by the
aglomerular kidney. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med., 31:44-46.
With W. hi. Burgess and A. M. Harvey. The site of the antidiuretic
action of pituitary extract. }. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 49:237-
49.
1934
The comparative physiology of the kidney in relation to theories
of renal secretion. Physiol. Rev., 14: 133-59.
With Morris Rosenfeld. Control of cyanide action: Cyanohydrin
equilibria in vivo and in vitro. i. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 51: 134.
With Morris Rosenfeld. Control of cyanide action: Cyanohydrin
equilibria in viva and in vitro. }. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther.,
52:445-61.
1935
With Morris Rosenfeld. Depression of respiration by oxygen. ,.
Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 54:155.
1936
With Morris Rosenfeld. Depression of respiration by oxygen. }.
Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 57:437-57.
1937
With Morris Rosenfeld. Pyruvic acid cyanohydrin as a respiratory
stimulant. A study of cyanide action. i. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther.,
59:222-40.
With W. C. Cutting and Kendall Emerson, fir. Acetylation of para-
aminobenzenesulfonamide in the animal organism. Science,
85: 202~3.
With Kendall Emerson, fir., and W. C. Cutting. Para-amino-
benzenesulfonamide. Absorption and excretion: Method of de-
termination in urine and blood. }. Am. Med. Assoc., 103:953-
57.
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ELI KENNERLY MARSHALL, JR.
347
Determination of sulfanilamide in blood and urine. Proc. Soc. Exp.
Biol. Med., 36:422-24.
With Edward M. Walzl and D. H. LeMessurier. Picrotoxin as a res-
piratory stimulant. I. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 60:472-86.
With E. M. Walzl. On the cyanosis from sulfanilamide. Bull. Johns
Hopkins Hosp., 61:140 - 44.
With Kendall Emerson, Jr., and W. C. Cutting. The renal excretion
of sulfanilamide. }. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 61: 191-95.
With Kendall Emerson, tr., and W. C. Cutting. The distribution of
sulfanilamide in the organism. }. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther.,
61:196-204.
Determination of sulfanilamide in blood and urine. I. Biol. Chem..
122:263-73.
1938
Certain phases of the pharmacologic properties of sulfanilamide.
Med. Ann. D.C., 7:5-7.
With W. C. Cutting and Kendall Emerson, Jr. The toxicity of sul-
fanilamide. I. Am. Med. Assoc., 110:252-57.
John Jacob Abel. Science, 87:566-69.
With I. T. Litchfield, Jr. The determination of sulfanilamide. Sci-
ence, 88:85-86.
With W. C. Cutting and W. L. Cover. The absorption and excretion
of certain sulfanilamide derivatives. Bull. Johns Hopkins Hosp.,
63:318-27.
With W. C. Cutting. Absorption and excretion of sulfanilamide in
the mouse and rat. Bull. Johns Hopkins Hosp., 63:328-36.
With A. C. Bratton and I T. Litchfield, Jr. The toxicity and ab-
sorption of 2-sulfanilamidopyridine and its soluble sodium salt.
Science, 88: 597-99.
1939
Pharmacology of sulfanilamide. I. Urol., 4 1: 8-1 3.
An unfortunate situation in the field of bacterial chemotherapy. l.
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With l. T. Litchfield, Jr. Some aspects of the pharmacology of sul-
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With I. T. Litchfield, Jr., and H. I. White. The comparative thera-
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With A. Calvin Bratton, Lydia B. Edwards, and Ethel Walker. Sul-
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With Chester Keefer, Rene Dubos, and John S. Lockwood. Sym-
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1946
With }. T. Litchfield, Jr., and H. J. White. The antimalarial action
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With Earl H. Dearborn. A comparison of drug-diet therapy with
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With Earl H. Dearborn. The susceptibility of different species of
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The absorption, distribution and excretion of streptomycin. I.
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Distribution of 3,4-dimethyl-5-sulfanilamidoisoxazole in the body.
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With Kenneth C. Blanchard, Earl H. Dearborn, and Thomas H.
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With K. C. Blanchard, A. M. Harvey, J. E. Howard, A. Kattus, E. V.
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phenylcinchoninic acid upon rheumatic fever. Bull. Johns Hop-
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With C. Gordon Zubrod and Earl H. Dearborn. Effect of 3-
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With A. M. Harvey, and I. E. Howard, and (by invitation) K. E.
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man. The effect of 3-hydroxy-2-phenylcinchoninic acid upon
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1951
With Kenneth C. Blanchard and Earl H. Dearborn. Certain aspects
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The dosage schedule of chemotherapeutic agents. Pharmacol.
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With Earl H. Dearborn and Louis Lasagna. On the mechanism of
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1953
With William F. Fritz. The metabolism of ethyl alcohol. T. Phar-
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1954
With Albert H. Owens, in Absorption, excretion and metabolic
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With Albert H. Owens, Jr. A comparative evaluation of the hyp-
notic potency of chloral hydrate and trichloroethanol. l. Studies
at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. II. and
III. Bull. Johns Hopkins Hosp., 96:71-83.
With Albert H. Owens, Jr. Inhibition of the oxidation of trichlo-
roethanol to tricholoracetic acid both in viva and in vitro by
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The revolution in drug therapy. Johns Hopkins Mag., 6:2.
With Albert H. Owens, Jr. Rate of metabolism of ethyl alcohol in
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Representative terms from entire chapter:
eli kennerly
