Below are the first 10 and last 10 pages of uncorrected machine-read text (when available) of this chapter, followed by the top 30 algorithmically extracted key phrases from the chapter as a whole.
Intended to provide our own search engines and external engines with highly rich, chapter-representative searchable text on the opening pages of each chapter.
Because it is UNCORRECTED material, please consider the following text as a useful but insufficient proxy for the authoritative book pages.
Do not use for reproduction, copying, pasting, or reading; exclusively for search engines.
OCR for page R1
Medical and Biologic Effects of Environmental Pollutants
ARSENIC
Committee on
Medical and Biologic Effects of
Environmental Pollutants
DIVISION OF MEDICAL SCIENCES
ASSEMBLY OF LIFE SCIENCES
NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL
NATIONAL ACADEMY
OF SC IENCE S
WASHINGTON, D.C. 1977
OCR for page R2
Other volumes in the Medical and Biologic Effects of Environmental Pollutants series
(formerly named Biologic Effects of Atmospheric Pollutants):
ASBESTOS (ISBN 0-309-01927-3)
CHLORINE AND HYDROGEN CHLORIDE (ISBN 0-309-02519-2)
CHROMIUM (ISBN 0-309-02217-7)
COPPER (ISBN 0-309-02536-2)
FLUORIDES (ISBN 0-309-01922-2)
LEAD (ISBN 0-309-01941-9)
MANGANESE (ISBN 0-309-02143-X)
NICKEL (ISBN 0-309-02314-9)
OZONE AND OTHER PHOTOCHEMICAL OXIDANTS (ISBN 0-309-02531-1)
PARTICULATE POLYCYCLIC ORGANIC MATTER (ISBN 0-309-62027-1)
SELENIUM (ISBN 0-309-02503-6)
VANADIUM (ISBN 0-309-02218-5)
VAPOR-PHASE ORGANIC POLLUTANTS (ISBN 0-309-02441-2)
NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing
Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the Councils
of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the
Institute of Medicine. The members of the Committee responsible for the report were
chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance.
This report has been reviewed by a group other than the authors according to
procedures approved by a Report Review Committee consisting of members of the
National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the
Institute of Medicine.
The work on which this publication is based was performed pursuant to Contract
No. 68-02-1226 with the Environmental Protection Agency.
International Standard Book Number 0-309-02604-0
Library of Congress Catalog Card No. 77-81690
Available from
Printing and Publishing Office, National Academy of Sciences
2101 Constitution Avenue, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20418
Printed in the United States of America
OCR for page R3
SUBCOMMITTEE ON ARSENIC
ORVILLE A. LEVANDER, Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, Maryland,
Chairman
ROY E. ALBERT, New York University Medical Center, New York
R. K. BOUTWELL, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
WILLIAM B. BUCK, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
ANTHONY CAEABRESE, National Marine Fisheries Service, Milford,
Connecticut
CORLETTE C. CALVERT, Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, Maryland
ALDEN S. CRAFTS, University of California, Davis, California
CYRUS FELDMAN, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
MICHAEL FEElSCHER, U.S. Geological Survey, Washington, D.C.
KURT I. IRGOLIC, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
PHILIP C. KEARNEY, Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, Maryland
LYMAN MOORE, Bureau of Land Management, Salt Lake City, Utah
S. A. PEOPLES, University of California, Davis, California
JOSEPH H. SOARES, JR., University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
WARREN E. C. WACKER, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
DOROTHY B. WINDHORST, Hoffmann-La Roche, Inc., Nutley, New Jersey
EDWIN A. WOOLSON, Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, Maryland
RALPH A. ZINGARO, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
T. D. BOAZ, JR., Division of Medical Sciences, National Research Council,
Washington, D.C., Staff Officer
· --
111
OCR for page R4
COMMITTEE ON MEDICAL AND
BIOLOGIC EFFECTS OF
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANTS
HERSCHEL E. GRIFFIN, Graduate School of Public Health, University of
Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, Chairman
RONALD F. COBURN, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine,
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
T. TIMOTHY CROCKER, University of California College of Medicine, Irvine,
California
CLEMENT A. FINCH, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle,
Washington
SHELDON K. FRIEDLANDER, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena,
California
ROBERT I. HENKIN, Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, D.C.
IAN T. T. HIGGINS, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann
Arbor, Michigan
JOE W. HIGHTOWER, Rice University, Houston, Texas
HENRY KAMIN, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
ORVILLE A. LEVANDER, Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, Maryland
DWIGHT F. METZLER, Kansas State Department of Health and Environment,
Topeka, Kansas
I. HERBERT SCHEINBERG, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York,
New York
RALPH G. SMITH, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann
Arbor, Michigan
ROGER P. SMITH, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, New Hampshire
T. D. BOAZ, JR., Division of Medical Sciences, National Research Council,
Washington, D.C., Exec utive Direr tar
iv
OCR for page R5
Acknowledgments
This document represents a coordinated effort on the part of the
members of the Subcommittee on Arsenic, who reviewed and revised
each other's work. Hence, it is more than a compilation of separate
items written by separate authors. The contributions of individual
authors are shown below. The summary, conclusions, and recom-
mendations represent a consensus of the members of the Subcommit-
tee.
Chapter 1, the introduction, was written by Dr. Orville A. Levander,
chairman of the Subcommittee. Chapter 2, on the chemistry of arsenic,
was the work of Drs. Kurt J. Irgolic, Warren E. C. Wacker, and Ralph
A. Zingaro. Chapter 3, on the distribution of arsenic in the environ-
ment, contains the contributions of several authors, Dr. Edwin A.
Woolson being responsible for its development. Mr. Lyman Moore and
Drs. Michael Fleischer and Woolson prepared the section on natural
sources. Drs. Philip C. Kearney and Woolson were responsible for the
section on man-made sources, except the material on feed additives,
which was prepared by Dr. William B. Buck; that on drugs and on war
gases and riot-control agents, by Dr. S. A. Peoples; and that on dis-
posal, by Dr. Corlette C. Calvert.
The section on plants in Chapter 4, on the metabolism of arsenic,
was the responsibility of Dr. Alden S. Crafts, but the remainder of the
v
OCR for page R6
Vl
Acknowledgments
chapter was prepared by Dr. Peoples. For Chapter 5, on the biologic
effects of arsenic on plants and animals, Dr. Levander contributed the
sections on microorganisms and laboratory animals, Dr. Crafts the
section on plants, Dr. Buck that on domestic animals, Dr. Anthony
Calabrese that on aquatic organisms, and Dr. Joseph H. Soares, Jr.,
that on wildlife. In Chapter 6, on the biologic effects of arsenic on man,
the section on toxicity was written by Dr. Dorothy B. Windhorst,
except for the part dealing with occupational episodes of toxicity,
which was the work of Dr. Roy E. Albert; Dr. R. K. Boutwell
contributed the sections on teratogenesis and on mutagenesis; and Drs.
Albert and Boutwell were jointly responsible for the sections on car-
cinogenesis and evaluation.
Dr. Woolson compiled the material appearing in Appendix A, on the
arsenic content of plants and plant products, and in Appendix B. on the
arsenic content of animals. Mr. Cyrus Feldman was the author of
Appendix C, on the determination of arsenic in natural materials.
Ms. Joan Stokes checked all the bibliographic references for accu-
racy and compiled the consolidated reference list. The manuscript was
edited by Mr. Norman Grossblatt, who also compiled the glossary in
coordination with Dr. Irgolic.
Free use was made of the resources available at the National Library
of Medicine, the National Agricultural Library, the Library of Con-
gress, and the Air Pollution Technical Information Center of the
Environmental Protection Agency. Also acknowledged is the assis-
tance given to the Subcommittee by the National Research Council's
Advisory Center on Toxicology, the National Academy of Sciences
Library, the Environmental Studies Board, and various units of the
National Research Council.
OCR for page R7
Contents
Introduction
Chemistry of Arsenic
Distribution of Arsenic in the Environment
4 Metabolism of Arsenic
5 Biologic Effects of Arsenic on Plants and Animals
6 Biologic Effects of Arsenic on Man
7 Summary and Conclusions
8 Recommendations
Appendix A: Arsenic Content of Plants and Plant Products
Appendix B: Arsenic Content of Animals
Appendix C: Determining Traces of Arsenic in Natural
Materials
Glossary
References
Index
·e
V11
4
16
80
117
173
216
227
233
243
255
263
277
323
/
OCR for page R8
