Summary Report 1993
Doctorate Recipients from United States Universities
The Survey of Earned Doctorates is conducted for the following agencies of the U.S. government:
National Science Foundation
U.S. Department of Education
National Institutes of Health
National Endowment for the Humanities
U.S. Department of Agriculture
NATIONAL ACADEMY PRESS
Washington, D.C.
1995
NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The survey project is part of the program of the Office of Scientific and Engineering Personnel (OSEP).
This report has been reviewed by a group of persons other than the authors according to procedures approved by a Report Review Committee consisting of members of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine.
The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society of distinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. Upon the authority of the charter granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on scientific and technical matters. Dr. Bruce M.Alberts is president of the National Academy of Sciences.
The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engineers. It is autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its members, sharing with the National Academy of Sciences the responsibility for advising the federal government. The National Academy of Engineering sponsors engineering programs aimed at meeting national needs, encourages education and research, and recognizes the superior achievements of engineers. Dr. Robert M.White is the president of the National Academy of Engineering.
The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to secure the services of eminent members of appropriate professions in the examination of policy matters pertaining to the health of the public. The Institute acts under the responsibility given to the National Academy of Sciences by its congressional charter to be an adviser to the federal government and, upon its own initiative, to identify issues of medical care, areas of research, and topics for education. Dr. Kenneth I.Shine is president of the Institute of Medicine.
The National Research Council (NRC) was organized by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy's purposes of furthering knowledge and of advising the federal government. Functioning in accordance with general policies determined by the Academy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in providing services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. The Council is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Bruce M.Alberts and Dr. Robert M.White are the chairman and vice-chairman, respectively, of the National Research Council.
This report is based on research conducted by OSEP with the support of the National Science Foundation (NSF), the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH), the U.S. Department of Education (U.S. Dept. of Ed.), and the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) under NSF Contract No. SRS-9309720. Opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of OSEP and do not necessarily reflect the views of the sponsoring agencies.
Recommended Citation:
Thurgood, D.H., and J.E.Clarke. 1995. Summary Report 1993: Doctorate Recipients from United States Universities. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press. (The report gives the results of data collected in the Survey of Earned Doctorates, sponsored by five federal agencies: NSF, NIH, NEH, U.S. Dept. of Ed., and USDA, and conducted by the NRC.)
Available from: Doctorate Records Project
National Research Council
OSEP—Room TJ 2006
2101 Constitution Avenue, N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20418
Material in this publication is in the public domain and, with appropriate credit, may be reproduced without permission.
Printed in the United States of America
OFFICE OF SCIENTIFIC AND ENGINEERING PERSONNEL ADVISORY COMMITTEE
Linda S.Wilson (Chair),
Radcliffe College
Betsy Ancker-Johnson,
General Motors
David Breneman,
Harvard University
David L.Goodstein,
California Institute of Technology
Lester A.Hoel,
University of Virginia
Ernest Jaworski,
Monsanto Company
Juanita M.Kreps,
Duke University
Donald Langenberg,
University of Maryland System
Judith S.Liebman,
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Barry Munitz,
The California State University
Kenneth Olden,
National Institutes of Health
Ewart A.C.Thomas,
Stanford University
Annette B.Weiner,
New York University
DOCTORATE RECORDS PROJECT TECHNICAL PANEL
Michael S.McPherson (Chair),
Williams College
Georgine Pion (Chair-Elect),
Vanderbilt University
Brenda G.Cox,
Mathematica Policy Research
Manuel De la Puente,
U.S. Census Bureau
PREFACE AND ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
This report presents a summary of the results of the 1992–93 Survey of Earned Doctorates (SED), which has been conducted each year since 1958 by the National Research Council's (NRC's) Office of Scientific and Engineering Personnel (OSEP) and its predecessor organizations. Questionnaires, distributed with the cooperation of the graduate deans of U.S. universities, are filled in by graduates as they complete requirements for their doctoral degrees. The doctorates are reported by academic year (from July 1 of one year through June 30 of the following year) and include research and applied-research doctorates in all fields.1 Doctoral degrees such as the Ph.D., D.Sc., and Ed.D. are covered by this survey; professional degrees (e.g., M.D., D.D.S., J.D., Psy.D.) are not covered. A full list of included degrees can be found inside the back cover. For convenience throughout this report, “Ph.D.” is used to represent any of the doctoral degrees covered by the survey.
This Summary Report is the 27th in an annual series of reports that began in 1967.2 All survey responses become part of the Doctorate Records File (DRF), a virtually complete database on doctorate recipients from 1920 to 1993. More than 88 percent of the 1,103,196 records now in the DRF were created from results of the 1958–1993 surveys. For doctorates granted during the 1920–1957 period, information was compiled from commencement bulletins, registrars' records, and other published material.
The conduct of the SED, the maintenance of the resulting data file, and the publication of this report are funded jointly by the National Science Foundation (NSF), the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH), the U.S. Department of Education (U.S. Dept. of Ed.), and the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA). Susan Hill (NSF) serves as the project officer for the agencies. In addition, constructive reviews of the design and analysis of the survey by Mary Golladay (NSF), David Chananie (NIH), Jeffrey Thomas (NEH), Nancy Schantz (U.S. Dept. of Ed.), and Jay Jackman (USDA) have increased the survey's relevance to national policy issues. We would also like to acknowledge the graduate deans and their assistants in the doctorate-granting institutions for their interest and assistance. It is through their cooperation that the DRF continues to serve as a useful resource for monitoring developments in graduate education in the country. Finally, we would like to thank all of the doctorate recipients who have completed the SED over the years.
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1 |
The Survey of Earned Doctorates collects information on research doctorates only. This differs from the institutional collection of numbers of degrees that is done by the U.S. Department of Education on all doctorates. For an evaluation of the differences, see: National Science Foundation. 1993. Science and Engineering Doctorates 1960–1991. NSF 93–301. Detailed Statistical Tables. Washington, D.C. Pp. 2–6. |
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2 |
Trend data from earlier periods can be found in Harmon, Lindsey R. 1978. A Century of Doctorates: Data Analysis of Growth and Change. Washington, D.C. National Academy of Sciences. |
The 1992–93 Survey of Earned Doctorates was conducted under the administrative supervision of Paula Ries. The production of this year's report was supervised by Delores Thurgood, Senior Research Associate. She and Julie Clarke collaborated on the development of the report and shared the responsibility of analyzing the data and drafting the text. George Orvis and Ms. Thurgood generated the data from the Doctorate Records File, and Ms. Thurgood drafted the technical notes. Martha Bohman, Ms. Clarke, and Mr. Orvis prepared the final tables and figures for the report.
Special appreciation is also expressed to the following people: Eileen Milner, manager of the unit responsible for collecting and processing the survey forms; John Hines, coding supervisor and institutional liaison; Gedamu Abraha and Daniel Fulwiler, coordinators of the follow-up effort; Frann Bell, Joyce Hendrickson, and Kevin Williams, full-time coders; Mary Wanyoike, senior administrative assistant; and the many hourly coders who contributed to the survey's processing. Thanks are also expressed to Maren Herman for her able service as project programmer, to Joseph Finan for his programming assistance, and to George Boyce for his supervision of computer operations.
The work of this project was overseen by the Advisory Committee of the Office of Scientific and Engineering Personnel, which is concerned with those activities of the NRC that contribute to the effective development and utilization of the nation's scholars and research personnel. In addition, an advisory panel made recommendations on the improvement of this important survey. Alan E.Fechter, Executive Director of OSEP, and Marilyn Baker, Associate Executive Director, also provided helpful guidance. Suggestions for improvement of the content or format of the report, other comments, and questions are welcome and may be directed to the authors of this report.
Linda Wilson, Chair
Office of Scientific and Engineering Personnel
Advisory Committee
