NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance.
This report has been reviewed by a group other than the authors according to procedures approved by a Report Review Committee consisting of members of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine.
The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society of distinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. Upon the authority of the charter granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on scientific and technical matters. Dr. Bruce M. Alberts is president of the National Academy of Sciences.
The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engineers. It is autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its members, sharing with the National Academy of Sciences the responsibility for advising the federal government. The National Academy of Engineering also sponsors engineering programs aimed at meeting national needs, encourages education and research, and recognizes the superior achievements of engineers. Dr. Robert M. White is president of the National Academy of Engineering.
The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to secure the services of eminent members of appropriate professions in the examination of policy matters pertaining to the health of the public. The Institute acts under the responsibility given to the National Academy of Sciences by its congressional charter to be an adviser to the federal government and, upon its own initiative, to identify issues of medical care, research, and education. Dr. Kenneth I. Shine is president of the Institute of Medicine.
The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy's purposes of furthering knowledge and advising the federal government. Functioning in accordance with general policies determined by the Academy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in providing services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. The Council is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Bruce M. Alberts and Dr. Robert M. White are chairman and vice chairman, respectively, of the National Research Council.
Additional copies of this report are available from:
Committee on Population
National Research Council
2101 Constitution Avenue N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20418
Printed in the United States of America
COMMITTEE ON POPULATION
RONALD D. LEE (Chair),
Department of Demography, University of California, Berkeley
CAROLINE H. BLEDSOE,
Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University
JOSE-LUIS BOBADILLA,
The World Bank, Washington, DC
JOHN B. CASTERLINE,
Department of Sociology, Brown University
KENNETH H. HILL,
Department of Population Dynamics, Johns Hopkins University
DEAN T. JAMISON,
School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles
LINDA G. MARTIN,
The RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, California
MARK R. MONTGOMERY,
Department of Economics, State University of New York, Stony Brook
ANNE R. PEBLEY,
The RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, California
SAMUEL H. PRESTON,
Population Studies Center, University of Pennsylvania
RONALD R. RINDFUSS,
Department of Sociology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
BETH J. SOLDO,
Department of Demography, Georgetown University
MARTA TIENDA,
Population Research Center, University of Chicago
AMY O. TSUI,
Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
JOHN G. HAAGA, Director
BARNEY COHEN, Research Associate
CHRISTINE A. COSTELLO, Program Officer
KAREN A. FOOTE, Research Associate
CAROLE L. JOLLY, Senior Program Officer
PAULA J. MELVILLE, Senior Project Assistant
SUSAN SHUTTLEWORTH, Senior Project Assistant
EXPERT MEETING PARTICIPANTS
Joan Aron,
Johns Hopkins University
Christine Bachrach,
National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Md.
Connie Blumenthal,
Child Trends, Inc., Washington, D.C.
Lisanne Brown,
Tulane University
Bates Buckner,
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
John Casterline,
Brown University
Richard Cornelius,
Agency for International Development, Washington, D.C.
Marvin Eisen,
Johnson, Bassin, and Shaw, Silver Spring, Md.
Joseph Ferri,
Support Services International, Washington, D.C.
Karen Foote,
Committee on Population, National Research Council
Brant Fries,
University of Michigan
Carolyn Hart,
John Snow, Inc., Arlington, Va.
Sawon Hong,
Agency for International Development, Washington, D.C.
James Knowles,
The Futures Group, Washington, D.C.
Ruth Levine,
The Urban Institute, Washington, D.C.
Barbara Mensch,
The Population Council, New York, N.Y.
Thomas Merrick,
The World Bank, Washington, D.C.
Tim Miner,
Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, Ga.
Mark Mitchell,
Management Sciences for Health, Boston, Mass.
Susan Newcomer,
National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Md.
John Newman,
The World Bank, Washington, D.C.
Gabriel Ojeda,
PROFAMILIA, Bogota, Colombia
Mary Overpeck,
National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Md.
James Palmore,
East-West Center, Honolulu, Hawaii
Susan Palmore,
Family Health International, Research Triangle Park, N.C.
Scott Radloff,
Agency for International Development, Washington, D.C.
Roger Rochat,
Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, Ga.
Luis Rosero-Bixby,
University of Costa Rica
John Ross,
The Population Council, New York, N.Y.
Naomi Rutenberg,
The Futures Group, Washington, D.C.
Shea Rutstein,
Institute for Resource Development/Macro Systems, Inc., Columbia, Md.
Krista Stewart,
Agency for International Development, Washington, D.C.
Douglas Storey,
Johns Hopkins University
Barbara Boyle Torrey,
Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, National Research Council
Amy Tsui,
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Rex Warland,
Pennsylvania State University