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AN ASSESSMENT OF TECHNIQUES FOR REMOVING OFFSHORE STRUCTURES
Figures and Tables
FIGURES
1-1
Number of Existing Platforms, Including Caissons, by Age,
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AN ASSESSMENT OF TECHNIQUES FOR REMOVING OFFSHORE STRUCTURES
Figures and Tables
FIGURES
1-1
Number of Existing Platforms, Including Caissons, by Age,
6
1-2
Number of Existing Platforms, Including Caissons, by Water Depth,
6
1-3
Distribution of Existing Platforms in the Gulf of Mexico,
7
1-4
Examples of Caissons with Wells,
8
1-5
Well-Protector Platform,
9
1-6
Braced Caisson with Conventional Piles (MOSS I),
10
1-7
Braced Caisson with Skirt Piles (Seahorse),
11
1-8
Conventional 4-Pile Platform with Wells,
12
1-9
Conventional 6-Pile Quarters Platform,
13
1-10
Examples of Skirt-Piled Platforms,
14
1-11
Mud-Slide-Type Platform,
15
2-1
Shock-Wave Focusing,
18
2-2
Radial Hollow Charge,
19
2-3
Sketch of a Mechanical Cutter on a Pile,
21
2-4
Sketch of a Sand Cutter on a Pile,
21
2-5
Sketches of an Abrasive Jet Cutter on a Well and Pile,
22
2-6
Excavation Required for External Diver Cuts,
24
2-7
Sketches Showing Internal Diver Cut,
25
2-8
Hydraulic Shears,
26
2-9
Diamond Wire Cutter,
26
2-10
Pyrotechnic Torch,
27
3-1
Number of Platform Removals, Excluding Caissons, by Method and Water Depth (1985–1994),
31
3-2
Number of Platform Removals, Including Caissons, by Method of Removal by Year (1/1/85–11/21/94),
32
3-3
Number of Platform Removals, Including Caissons, Gulf of Mexico (1/1/53 –11/21/94),
32
3-4
Number of Platforms by Soil Type,
36
3-5
Number of Platforms by Soil Type and Water Depth,
37
4-1
Number of Fish at Platform WC 352,
46
TABLES
2-1
Explosive Cutting Techniques,
16
2-2
Assessment of Present and Future Explosive Cutting Techniques,
20
2-3
Cost of Diver Cuts in Increasing Water Depth,
23
2-4
Assessment of Nonexplosive Cutting Techniques (present applications),
28
3-1
Assessment of the Leave-in-Place Option,
33
3-2
Assessment of the Partial Removal Option,
34
3-3
Assessment of the Complete Removal Option,
35
3-4
Comparative Costs of Platform Removals Using Explosives (in dollars),
38
3-5
Cost Comparison for Alternative Removal Methods (in dollars),
39
3-6
Detailed Cost Comparison of Alternative Removal Methods (in dollars),
40
5-1
Comparison of the Effects of Disposal Options and Cutting Techniques,
52
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