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OCR for page R9
AN ASSESSMENT OF TECHNIQUES FOR REMOVING OFFSHORE STRUCTURES
Contents
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
1
1
OVERVIEW OF EXISTING OFFSHORE STRUCTURES AND REMOVAL REGULATIONS
5
Existing Platforms,
5
Construction Equipment Used in Platform Removals,
10
Regulations, Laws, and Permits,
11
References,
15
2
ASSESSMENT OF CUTTING TECHNIQUES
16
Explosive Cutting Techniques,
16
Nonexplosive Cutting Techniques,
19
Techniques Being Developed,
24
References,
29
3
TECHNICAL CONSIDERATIONS
30
Recent Removal Patterns,
30
Typical Abandonment Process,
30
Typical Platform Removal Costs,
39
References,
40
4
ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF PRESENT REMOVAL TECHNIQUES
42
Habitat and Ecosystems,
42
Nonlethal Effects of Explosive Removals,
47
Summary,
47
References,
47
5
SUMMARY ASSESSMENT OF EXPLOSIVE AND NONEXPLOSIVE TECHNOLOGIES
50
Findings,
50
6
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
55
Conclusions,
55
Recommendations,
56
APPENDICES
A Biographical Sketches of Committee Members
61
B Federal Register Notice and List of Respondents
63
C Participants in Committee Meetings
67
D Regulations Governing Removal of Offshore Structures
69