NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance.
This report has been reviewed by a group other than the authors according to procedures approved by a Report Review Committee consisting of members of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine.
The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society of distinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. Upon the authority of the charter granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on scientific and technical matters. Dr. Bruce M. Alberts is president of the National Academy of Sciences.
The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engineers. It is autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its members, sharing with the National Academy of Sciences the responsibility for advising the federal government. The National Academy of Engineering also sponsors engineering programs aimed at meeting national needs, encourages education and research, and recognizes the superior achievements of engineers. Dr. Harold Liebowitz is president of the National Academy of Engineering.
The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to secure the services of eminent members of appropriate professions in the examination of policy matters pertaining to the health of the public. The Institute acts under the responsibility given to the National Academy of Sciences by its congressional charter to be an adviser to the federal government and, upon its own initiative, to identify issues of medical care, research, and education. Dr. Kenneth I. Shine is president of the Institute of Medicine.
The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy's purposes of furthering knowledge and advising the federal government. Functioning in accordance with general policies determined by the Academy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in providing services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. The Council is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Bruce M. Alberts and Dr. Harold Liebowitz are chairman and vice chairman, respectively, of the National Research Council.
This activity was funded by a cooperative agreement with the Office of Population of the U.S. Agency for International Development, and by grants from the Andrew F. Mellon Foundation and the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation.
Additional copies of this report are available from:
Committee on Population
National Research Council
2101 Constitution Avenue N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20418
Printed in the United States of America
Copyright 1996 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
PANEL ON REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH
AMY O. TSUI (Cochair),
Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
JUDITH WASSERHEIT (Cochair),
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta
ALAKA M. BASU,
Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University
JOSÉ-LUIS BOBADILLA,
The World Bank, Washington, D.C.
WILLARD CATES, JR.,
Family Health International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
CHRISTOPHER J. ELIAS,
The Population Council, Bangkok, Thailand
MARGE KOBLINSKY,
John Snow, Inc., Arlington, Virginia
PIERRE MERCENIER,
Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
MARK MONTGOMERY,
The Population Council, New York
SUSAN E. PICK,
Instituto Mexicano de Investigacion de Familia y Poblacion (IMIFP), Mexico City
ALLAN ROSENFIELD,
School of Public Health, Columbia University
HELEN SAXENIAN,
The World Bank, Washington, D.C.
JAMES TRUSSELL,
Office of Population Research, Princeton University
HUDA ZURAYK,
The Population Council, Cairo, Egypt
JOHN G. HAAGA, Study Director
CAROLE JOLLY, Study Director (until November 1994)
JOEL A. ROSENQUIST, Project Assistant
JOYCE WALZ, Administrative Associate
COMMITTEE ON POPULATION
RONALD D. LEE (Chair),
Department of Demography, University of California, Berkeley
CAROLINE H. BLEDSOE,
Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University
JOSÉ-LUIS BOBADILLA,
The World Bank, Washington, D.C.
JOHN BONGAARTS,
The Population Council, New York
JOHN B. CASTERLINE,
The Population Council, New York
LINDA G. MARTIN, RAND,
Santa Monica, California
ROBERT A. MOFFITT,
Department of Economics, Brown University
MARK R. MONTGOMERY,
Department of Economics, State University of New York, Stony Brook
ANNE R. PEBLEY, RAND,
Santa Monica, California
RONALD R. RINDFUSS,
Department of Sociology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
JAMES P. SMITH, RAND,
Santa Monica, California
BETH SOLDO,
Department of Demography, Georgetown University
MARTA TIENDA,
Population Research Center, University of Chicago
AMY O. TSUI,
Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
JOHN G. HAAGA, Director
BARNEY COHEN, Program Officer
TRISH DeFRISCO, Senior Project Assistant
BARRY EDMONSTON, Senior Program Officer
KAREN A. FOOTE, Program Officer
JOEL A. ROSENQUIST, Project Assistant
JOYCE WALZ, Administrative Associate
PARTICIPANTS MEETING ON REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH INTERVENTIONS
SIGRID ANDERSON,
U.S. Agency for International Development
SUE ANTHONY,
U.S. Agency for International Development
ALAKA M. BASU,
Cornell University
RHONA BIRRELL WEISEN,
World Health Organization (Geneva)
JOSÉ-LUIS BOBADILLA,
The World Bank
JEANINE BUZY,
U.S. Agency for International Development
WILLARD CATES, JR.,
Family Health International
ROBERT CLAY, U.S.
Agency for International Development
PETER COWLEY,
The World Bank
BARBARA CRANE,
U.S. Agency for International Development
CAROL DABBS,
U.S. Agency for International Development
NILS DAULAIRE,
U.S. Agency for International Development
PAUL DELAY,
U.S. Agency for International Development
CHRISTOPHER J. ELIAS,
The Population Council (Thailand)
BARBARA FERINGA,
U.S. Agency for International Development
PHYLLIS GESTRIN,
U.S. Agency for International Development
CATHERINE GORDON,
U.S. Agency for International Development
JOHN HAAGA,
National Research Council
DEBRA HAFFNER,
Sexuality Information and Education Council of the United States (SIECUS)
LORI HEISE,
Pacific Institute for Women's Health
MARGARET HEMPEL,
The Ford Foundation
JOYCE HOLFELD,
U.S. Agency for International Development
JANE HUGHES,
The Rockefeller Foundation
JODI JACOBSON,
Pacific Institute for Women's Health
BARBARA JANOWITZ,
Family Health International
CATE JOHNSON, U.S.
Agency for International Development
SANDRA MOSTAFA KABIR,
Bangladesh Women's Health Coalition
LAWRENCE KINCAID,
Population Communication Services, Johns Hopkins University
DOUGLAS KIRBY,
ETR Associates
MARGE KOBLINSKY,
John Snow, Inc.
DAWN LIBERI,
U.S. Agency for International Development
ASHLEY MADDOX,
U.S. Agency for International Development
ELIZABETH MAGUIRE,
U.S. Agency for International Development
CAROLYN MAKINSON,
The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation
PIERRE MERCENIER,
Institute of Tropical Medicine (Antwerp, Belgium)
LISA MESSERSMITH,
U.S. Agency for International Development
FAITH MITCHELL,
National Research Council
MICHELE MOLONEY,
U.S. Agency for International Development
MARK MONTGOMERY,
The Population Council (New York)
MARJORIE MUECKE,
The Ford Foundation
MARGARET NEUSE,
U.S. Agency for International Development
DAVID OOT,
U.S. Agency for International Development
BONNIE PEDERSEN,
U.S. Agency for International Development
SUSAN E. PICK,
Instituto Mexicano de Investigacion de Familia y Poblacion (IMIFP) (Mexico City)
WILLA PRESSMAN,
U.S. Agency for International Development
ESTELLE QUAIN,
U.S. Agency for International Development
ELIZABETH RALSTON,
U.S. Agency for International Development
CAROL RICE,
U.S. Agency for International Development
ALLAN ROSENFIELD,
Columbia University School of Public Health
JOEL ROSENQUIST,
National Research Council
MARTHA SACCOCIO,
International Women's Health Coalition
HELEN SAXENIAN,
The World Bank
WILLIAM SCHELLSTEDE,
Family Health International
JAMES SHELTON,
U.S. Agency for International Development
RUTH SIMMONS,
University of Michigan
WILLIAM SMITH,
Academy for Educational Development
MARY ELLEN STANTON,
U.S. Agency for International Development
KRISTA STEWART,
U.S. Agency for International Development
WAYNE STINSON,
University Research Corporation
BARBARA TORREY,
National Research Council
JAMES TRUSSELL,
Princeton University
AMY TSUI,
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
JOYCE WALZ,
National Research Council
JUDITH WASSERHEIT,
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
ANNE WILSON,
U.S. Agency for International Development
BEVERLY WINIKOFF,
Population Council (New York)
BARBARA DE ZALDUONDO,
U.S. Agency for International Development
HUDA ZURAYK,
The Population Council (Egypt)