NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competencies and with regard for appropriate balance.
This report has been reviewed by a group other than the authors according to procedures approved by a Report Review Committee consisting of members of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine.
The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society of distinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. Upon the authority of the charter granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on scientific and technical matters. Dr. Bruce Alberts is president of the National Academy of Sciences.
The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engineers. It is autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its members, sharing with the National Academy of Sciences the responsibility for advising the federal government. The National Academy of Engineering also sponsors engineering programs aimed at meeting national needs, encourages education and research, and recognizes the superior achievements of engineers. Dr. William A. Wulf is interim president of the National Academy of Engineering.
The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to secure the services of eminent members of appropriate professions in the examination of policy matters pertaining to the health of the public. The Institute acts under the responsibility given to the National Academy of Sciences by its congressional charter to be an adviser to the federal government and, upon its own initiative, to identify issues of medical care, research, and education. Dr. Kenneth I. Shine is president of the Institute of Medicine.
The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy's purposes of furthering knowledge and advising the federal government. Functioning in accordance with general policies determined by the Academy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in providing services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. The Council is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Bruce Alberts and Dr. William A. Wulf are chairman and interim vice chairman, respectively, of the National Research Council.
This study was supported by Contract No. 50-DGNW-5-00004 between the National Academy of Sciences and the U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
Copyright 1996 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
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NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE MODERNIZATION COMMITTEE
ROBERT J. SERAFIN (chair),
NAE, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado
RICHARD A. ANTHES,
University Corporation for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado
DAVID ATLAS,
NAE, Atlas Concepts, Bethesda, Maryland
WILLIAM BONNER,
National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado
ROBERT BRAMMER,
TASC, Reading, Massachusetts
KENNETH C. CRAWFORD,
Oklahoma Climatological Survey, Norman
DARA ENTEKHABI,
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge
GEORGE J. GLEGHORN,
NAE, TRW Space and Technology Group (retired), Rancho Palos Verdes, California
WILLIAM E. GORDON,
NAE, NAS, Rice University (retired), Houston, Texas
ALBERT J. KAEHN, JR.,
U.S. Air Force (retired), Burke, Virginia
JENANNE L. MURPHY,
Hughes Information Technology Corporation, Vienna, Virginia
VERONICA F. NIEVA,
WESTAT, Inc., Rockville, Maryland
DOROTHY C. PERKINS,
National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Greenbelt, Maryland
ARTHUR I. ZYGIELBAUM
(until February 1996), California Institute of Technology, Pasadena
Advanced Weather Interactive Processing System Panel
JENANNE L. MURPHY, chair
WILLIAM BONNER
KENNETH C. CRAWFORD
ALBERT J. KAEHN, JR.
DOROTHY C. PERKINS
GEORGE J. GLEGHORN,
NAE,
advisor
ARTHUR I. ZYGIELBAUM, advisor
VERONICA F. NIEVA, advisor
ROBERT J. KATT, technical writer
Staff
FLOYD F. HAUTH, study director
MERCEDES ILAGAN, study associate
WANDA PRIESTLY, project assistant