hr, 1 day, 2 days, 3 days, and 7 days following application of 0.5 mL of JP-4 to the abraded skin of six female New Zealand White rabbits. Based on the Draize measures, the primary dermal-irritation index was determined to be 1.04—slightly irritating.

Dermal sensitization was assessed following topical application of 0.1 mL of JP-4 to the clipped flanks of 10 Hartley male albino guinea pigs four times over a 10-day period. The challenge dose was applied 2 weeks later. The skin site was scored using the Draize technique for edema and erythema 24 hr and 48 hr following challenge of the clipped flanks with 0.1 mL of JP-4. JP-4 was not found to be a skin sensitizer in guinea pigs.

Ocular irritation was examined using the Draize scoring technique 20 to 30 sec after instillation of 0.1 mL of JP-4 in the conjunctival sacs of nine New Zealand White rabbits. The results showed no ocular irritation following the JP-4 exposure.

Vernot et al. (1990) investigated lethality resulting from exposure to diesel fuel. Diesel fuel (5 mL/kg of body weight) was applied to approximately 10% of the total body surface of two abraded and two nonabraded male and female New Zealand White rabbits. Following exposure for 24 hr, the animals were observed for 14 days. No deaths occurred.

In studies performed on rabbits and guinea pigs, Vernot et al. (1990) investigated dermal irritation, dermal sensitization, and ocular irritation resulting from exposure to diesel fuel. Dermal irritation was evaluated using the Draize scoring technique 3 days following application of 0.5 mL of diesel fuel to abraded and nonabraded skin of three male and three female New Zealand White rabbits. Based on the Draize scoring measures, the primary dermal-irritation index was 6.8—extremely irritating.

Front Matter (R1-R14)

Table of Contents (R15-R20)

Executive Summary (1-8)

1 Introduction (9-12)

2 Physical and Chemical Properties of Military Fuels (13-17)

3 Toxicokinetics of Military Fuels (18-35)

4 Fuel Exposures, Toxicity Testing, and Air Monitoring in Naval Operations (36-43)

5 Effects of Military Fuel Vapors on the Kidney (44-50)

6 Effects of Military Fuel Vapors on the Hematopoietic System (51-55)

7 Effects of Military Fuel Vapors on the Central Nervous System (56-68)

8 Effects of Military Fuel Vapors on the Liver (69-81)

9 Effects of Military Fuel Vapors on the Cardiovascular System (82-83)

10 Carcinogenic Effects of Military Fuel Vapors (84-100)

11 Genotoxic Effects of Military Fuel Vapors (101-103)

12 Effects of Military Fuels on the Eyes and Skin (104-108)

13 Conclusions and Recommendations (109-111)

References (112-122)

Appendix A: Program: Model for Two Volatile Organics (123-128)