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Rights & Permissions Free Resources PDF EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Display this book on your site! Related Titles Spacecraft Water Exposure Guidelines for Selected Contaminants: Volume 2 Gulf War and Health: Volume 3. Fuels, Combustion Products, and Propellants Other Related Titles Permissible Exposure Levels for Selected Military Fuel Vapors (1996) Commission on Life Sciences (CLS) Web Search Builder Use this book's key terms to search within this book, across our collection, or across the Web. Skim This Chapter Skim this chapter and use this chapter's key terms to search within this book. Reference Finder Paste in your own text to find books that relate to your topic. Page XV   E-mail  Facebook  Digg  Stumble  Twitter More The following HTML text is provided to enhance online readability. Many aspects of typography translate only awkwardly to HTML. Please use the page image as the authoritative form to ensure accuracy. Contents     EXECUTIVE SUMMARY   1  1   INTRODUCTION   9  2   PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF MILITARY FUELS   13      Jet-Propulsion Fuel 5   15      Jet-Propulsion Fuel 8   16      Diesel Fuel Marine   17  3   TOXICOKINETICS OF MILITARY FUELS   18      General Determinants of Hydrocarbon Toxicokinetics   19      Toxicokinetics of Specific Military Fuel Hydrocarbons   22      Simulated Tissue Concentrations After Exposure to Components of Military Fuels   27 Page XV Front Matter (R1-R14) Table of Contents (R15-R20) Executive Summary (1-8) 1 Introduction (9-12) 2 Physical and Chemical Properties of Military Fuels (13-17) 3 Toxicokinetics of Military Fuels (18-35) 4 Fuel Exposures, Toxicity Testing, and Air Monitoring in Naval Operations (36-43) 5 Effects of Military Fuel Vapors on the Kidney (44-50) 6 Effects of Military Fuel Vapors on the Hematopoietic System (51-55) 7 Effects of Military Fuel Vapors on the Central Nervous System (56-68) 8 Effects of Military Fuel Vapors on the Liver (69-81) 9 Effects of Military Fuel Vapors on the Cardiovascular System (82-83) 10 Carcinogenic Effects of Military Fuel Vapors (84-100) 11 Genotoxic Effects of Military Fuel Vapors (101-103) 12 Effects of Military Fuels on the Eyes and Skin (104-108) 13 Conclusions and Recommendations (109-111) References (112-122) Appendix A: Program: Model for Two Volatile Organics (123-128)

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Permissible Exposure Levels for Selected Military Fuel Vapors Contents     EXECUTIVE SUMMARY   1  1   INTRODUCTION   9  2   PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF MILITARY FUELS   13      Jet-Propulsion Fuel 5   15      Jet-Propulsion Fuel 8   16      Diesel Fuel Marine   17  3   TOXICOKINETICS OF MILITARY FUELS   18      General Determinants of Hydrocarbon Toxicokinetics   19      Toxicokinetics of Specific Military Fuel Hydrocarbons   22      Simulated Tissue Concentrations After Exposure to Components of Military Fuels   27

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Permissible Exposure Levels for Selected Military Fuel Vapors  4   FUEL EXPOSURES, TOXICITY TESTING, AND AIR MONITORING IN NAVAL OPERATIONS   36      Vapor Composition   37      Setting PELs for Mixtures   39      Implications for Toxicity Testing   40      Implications for Air Monitoring   40  5   EFFECTS OF MILITARY FUEL VAPORS ON THE KIDNEY   44      Effects of Acute Exposures to Fuel Vapors   44      Effects of Subchronic Exposures to Fuel Vapors   45      Conclusions   49  6   EFFECTS OF MILITARY FUEL VAPORS ON THEHEMATOPOIETIC SYSTEM   51      Hematological Effects of JP-5 Fuel Vapors   51      Hematological Effects of JP-8 Fuel Vapors   53      Hematological Effects of DFM Fuel Vapors   54      Conclusions   55  7   EFFECTS OF MILITARY FUEL VAPORS ON THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM   56      Neurophysiological and Psychological Effects of Fuel Vapors   57      Relationship Between STEL and Minimum Alveolar Concentrations   65      Conclusions   66  8   EFFECTS OF MILITARY FUEL VAPORS ON THE LIVER   69      Hepatic Effects of JP-5 Fuel Vapors   69      Hepatic Effects of JP-8 Fuel Vapors   72      Hepatic Effects of DFM Fuel Vapors   73      Hepatic Effects of JP-4 Fuel Vapors   75      Conclusions   77  9   EFFECTS OF MILITARY FUEL VAPORS ON THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM   82

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Permissible Exposure Levels for Selected Military Fuel Vapors  10   CARCINOGENIC EFFECTS OF MILITARY FUEL VAPORS   84      Epidemiological Studies   84      Experimental Animal Studies   96      Conclusions   100  11   GENOTOXIC EFFECTS OF MILITARY FUEL VAPORS   101      Assay Testing for Genotoxicity   101      Conclusions   103  12   EFFECTS OF MILITARY FUELS ON THE EYES AND SKIN   104      Dermal and Ocular Effects of JP-4 Fuel   104      Dermal and Ocular Effects of Diesel Fuel   105      Dermal and Ocular Effects of JP-8 Fuel   106      Dermal and Ocular Effects of DFM Fuel   107      Dermal and Ocular Effects of JP-5 Fuel   107      Conclusions   108  13   CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS   109     REFERENCES   112     APPENDIX A Program: Model for Two Volatile Organics   123 TABLES  3-1   Partition Coefficients for Some Volatile Hydrocarbons Found in JP-5, JP-8, and DFM   20  4-1   Personal Air Sampling Results for Work with JP-5 Fuel   38  5-1   Kidney Toxicity of Military Fuel Vapors in Experimental Animals   50  7-1   Percentages of MACs of Known Anesthetics   67  8-1   Liver Toxicity of Military Fuel Vapors in Experimental Animals   78  10-1   Kidney Cancer in Employees of the Petrochemical Industry   90

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Permissible Exposure Levels for Selected Military Fuel Vapors FIGURES  3-1   Predicted blood concentrations after repeated exposure to n-hexane or toluene. Simulated exposures were for 15 min per day for 10 days to binary mixtures of each chemical at 900 mg/m3.   29  3-2   Predicted fat concentrations after repeated exposure to n-hexane or toluene. Simulated exposures were for 15 min per day for 10 days to binary mixtures of each chemical at 900 mg/m3.   29  3-3   Predicted blood concentrations after repeated exposure to n-hexane or toluene. Simulated exposures were for 8 hr per day for 10 days to binary mixtures of each chemical at 150 mg/m3.   31  3-4   Predicted fat concentrations after repeated exposure to n-hexane or toluene. Simulated exposures were for 8 hr per day for 10 days to binary mixtures of each chemical at 150 mg/m3.   31  3-5   Predicted blood concentrations after repeated exposure to n-hexane. Simulated exposures were for 8 hr per day for 10 days to binary mixtures of n-hexane and toluene at 150 mg/m3 (TWA) or for 15 min per day for 10 days to binary mixtures of each chemical at 900 mg/m3 (STEL).   32  3-6   Predicted blood concentrations after repeated exposure to toluene. Simulated exposures were for 8 hr per day for 10 days to binary mixtures of n-hexane and toluene at 150 mg/m3 (TWA) or for 15 min per day for 10 days to binary mixtures of each chemical at 900 mg/m3 (STEL).   33  3-7   Predicted fat concentrations after repeated exposure to n-hexane. Simulated exposures were for 8 hr per day for 10 days to binary mixtures of n-hexane and toluene at 150 mg/m3 (TWA) or for 15 min per day for 10 days to binary mixtures of each chemical at 900 mg/m3 (STEL).   34  3-8   Predicted fat concentrations after repeated exposure to toluene. Simulated exposures were for 8 hr per day for 10 days to binary mixtures of n-hexane and toluene at 150 mg/m3 (TWA) or for 15 min per day for 10 days to binary mixtures of each chemical at 900 mg/m3 (STEL).   34

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Permissible Exposure Levels for Selected Military Fuel Vapors Permissible Exposure Levels for Selected Military Fuel Vapors

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Permissible Exposure Levels for Selected Military Fuel Vapors This page in the original is blank.