National Academies Press: OpenBook
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1994. Review of the U.S. Naval Medical Research Institute's Toxicology Program. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9140.
×

Review of the U.S. Naval Medical Research Institute's Toxicology Program

Subcommittee to Review the U.S. Naval Medical Research Institute's Toxicology Program

Committee on Toxicology

Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology

Commission on Life Sciences

National Research Council

NATIONAL ACADEMY PRESS
Washington, D.C.,
1994

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1994. Review of the U.S. Naval Medical Research Institute's Toxicology Program. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9140.
×

NATIONAL ACADEMY PRESS
2101 Constitution Ave., N.W., Washington, D.C.20418

NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competencies and with regard for appropriate balance.

This report has been reviewed by a group other than the authors according to procedures approved by a Report Review Committee consisting of members of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine.

The National Academy of Sciences is a private, non-profit, self-perpetuating society of distinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. Upon the authority of the charter granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on scientific and technical matters. Dr. Bruce Alberts is president of the National Academy of Sciences.

The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engineers. It is autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its members, sharing with the National Academy of Sciences the responsibility for advising the federal government. The National Academy of Engineering also sponsors engineering programs aimed at meeting national needs, encourages education and research, and recognizes the superior achievements of engineers. Dr. Robert M. White is president of the National Academy of Engineering.

The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to secure the services of eminent members of appropriate professions in the examination of policy matters pertaining to the health of the public. The Institute acts under the responsibility given to the National Academy of Sciences by its congressional charter to be an adviser to the federal government and, upon its own initiative, to identify issues of medical care, research, and education. Dr. Kenneth I. Shine is president of the Institute of Medicine.

The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy's purposes of furthering knowledge and advising the federal government. Functioning in accordance with general policies determined by the Academy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in providing services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. The Council is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Bruce Alberts and Dr. Robert M. White are chairman and vice chairman, respectively, of the National Research Council.

The project was supported by the U.S. Army under contract No. DAMD 17-89-C-9086.

Additional copies of this report are available from the Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology, 2101 Constitution Avenue, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20418

Copyright 1994 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.

Printed in the United States of America

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1994. Review of the U.S. Naval Medical Research Institute's Toxicology Program. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9140.
×

Subcommittee to Review the U.S. Naval Medical Research Institute's Toxicology Program

R. HAYS BELL (Chair),

Eastman Kodak Company, Rochester, N.Y.

MARY E. GAULDEN,

University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Tex.

WALDERICO GENEROSO,

Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tenn.

ROGENE F. HENDERSON,

Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, N.Mex.

CAROLE A. KIMMEL,

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.

LOREN D. KOLLER,

Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oreg.

ERNEST EUGENE MCCONNELL, Consultant,

Raleigh, N.C.

BERNARD M. WAGNER,

Wagner Associates, Inc., Millburn, N.J.

HANSPETER R. WITSCHI,

University of California, Davis, Calif.

GERALD N. WOGAN,

Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Mass.

GAROLD S. YOST,

University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah

Staff

KULBIR S. BAKSHI, Project Director and Program Director

RICHARD D. THOMAS, Program Director (until May 1994)

RUTH E. CROSSGROVE, Editor

CATHERINE M. KUBIK, Senior Program Assistant

NIANI SUTARDJO, Project Assistant

Sponsor: U.S. Army

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1994. Review of the U.S. Naval Medical Research Institute's Toxicology Program. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9140.
×
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1994. Review of the U.S. Naval Medical Research Institute's Toxicology Program. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9140.
×

Committee on Toxicology

ROGENE F. HENDERSON (Chair),

Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, N.Mex.

R. HAYS BELL,

Eastman Kodak Company, Rochester, N.Y.

DEAN E. CARTER,

University of Arizona, Tucson, Ariz.

DEBORAH A. CORY-SLECHTA,

University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, N.Y.

CHARLES E. FEIGLEY,

University of South Carolina, Columbia, S.C.

DONALD E. GARDNER,

ManTech Environmental Technology, Inc., Research Triangle Park, N.C.

DAVID W. GAYLOR,

U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Ark.

WALDERICO M. GENEROSO,

Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tenn.

IAN A. GREAVES,

University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minn.

SIDNEY GREEN,

U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, Md.

CAROLE A. KIMMEL,

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.

LOREN D. KOLLER,

Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oreg.

ERNEST EUGENE MCCONNELL,

Raleigh, N.C.

MICHELE A. MEDINSKY,

Chemical Industry Institute of Toxicology, Research Triangle Park, N.C.

ROBERT SNYDER,

Rutgers University, Piscataway, N.J.

BAILUS WALKER, JR.,

University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, Okla.

HANSPETER R. WITSCHI,

University of California, Davis, Calif.

GERALD N. WOGAN,

Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Mass.

GAROLD S. YOST,

University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1994. Review of the U.S. Naval Medical Research Institute's Toxicology Program. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9140.
×

Staff of Committee on Toxicology

KULBIR S. BAKSHI, Program Director

RICHARD D. THOMAS, Program Director (until May 1994)

MARVIN A. SCHNEIDERMAN, Senior Staff Scientist

RUTH E. CROSSGROVE, Editor

CATHERINE M. KUBIK, Senior Program Assistant

RUTH P. DANOFF, Project Assistant (until November 1993)

NIANI SUTARDJO, Project Assistant

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1994. Review of the U.S. Naval Medical Research Institute's Toxicology Program. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9140.
×

Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology

PAUL G. RISSER (Chair),

Miami University, Oxford, Ohio

MICHAEL J. BEAN,

Environmental Defense Fund, Washington, D.C.

EULA BINGHAM,

University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio

EDWIN H. CLARK,

Clean Sites, Inc., Alexandria, Va.

ALLAN H. CONNEY,

Rutgers University, Piscataway, N.J.

ELLIS COWLING,

North Carolina State University, Raleigh, N.C.

JOHN L. EMMERSON,

Eli Lilly & Company, Greenfield, Ind.

ROBERT C. FORNEY,

Unionville, Pa.

ROBERT A. FROSCH,

Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass.

KAI LEE,

Williams College, Williamstown, Mass.

JANE LUBCHENCO,

Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oreg.

GORDON ORIANS,

University of Washington, Seattle, Wash.

FRANK L. PARKER,

Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tenn., and Clemson University, Anderson, S.C.

GEOFFREY PLACE,

Hilton Head, S.C.

DAVID P. RALL,

Washington, D.C.

LESLIE A. REAL,

Indiana University, Bloomington, Ind.

KRISTIN SHRADER-FRECHETTE,

University of South Florida, Tampa, Fla.

BURTON H. SINGER,

Princeton University, Princeton, N.J.

MARGARET STRAND,

Eckert Seamans Cerin & Mellot, Washington, D.C.

GERALD VAN BELLE,

University of Washington, Seattle, Wash.

BAILUS WALKER, JR.,

Washington, D.C.

Page viii Cite
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1994. Review of the U.S. Naval Medical Research Institute's Toxicology Program. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9140.
×

Staff of Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology

JAMES J. REISA, Director

DAVID J. POLICANSKY, Associate Director and Program Director for

Natural Resources and Applied Ecology

GAIL CHARNLEY, Acting Program Director for

Human Toxicology and Risk Assessment (since May 1994)

RICHARD D. THOMAS, Associate Director and Program Director for

Human Toxicology and Risk Assessment (until May 1994)

LEE R. PAULSON, Program Director for

Information Systems and Statistics

RAYMOND A. WASSEL, Program Director for

Environmental Sciences and Engineering

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1994. Review of the U.S. Naval Medical Research Institute's Toxicology Program. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9140.
×

Commission on Life Sciences

THOMAS D. POLLARD (Chair),

Johns Hopkins Medical School, Baltimore, Md.

BRUCE N. AMES,

University of California, Berkeley, Calif.

JOHN C. BAILAR, III,

McGill University, Montreal, Quebec

MICHAEL BISHOP,

Hooper Research Foundation, University of California Medical Center, San Francisco, Calif.

JOHN E. BURRIS,

Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Mass.

MICHAEL T. CLEGG,

University of California, Riverside, Calif.

GLENN A. CROSBY,

Washington State University, Pullman, Wash.

MARIAN E. KOSHLAND,

University of California, Berkeley, Calif.

RICHARD E. LENSKI,

Michigan State University, East Lansing, Mich.

EMIL A. PFITZER,

Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., Nutley, N.J.

MALCOLM C. PIKE,

University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles, Calif.

HENRY C. PITOT, III,

University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisc.

JOHNATHAN M. SAMET,

Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md.

HAROLD M. SCHMECK, JR.,

Armonk, N.Y.

CARLA J. SHATZ,

University of California, Berkeley, Calif.

SUSAN S. TAYLOR,

University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, Calif.

P. ROY VAGELOS,

Merck & Company, Whitehouse Station, N.J.

JOHN L. VANDEBERG,

Southwestern Foundation for Biomedical Research, San Antonio, Tex.

PAUL GILMAN, Executive Director

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1994. Review of the U.S. Naval Medical Research Institute's Toxicology Program. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9140.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1994. Review of the U.S. Naval Medical Research Institute's Toxicology Program. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9140.
×

Recent Reports of the Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology

Science and Judgment in Risk Assessment (1994)

Environmental Information for Outer Continental Shelf Oil and Gas Decisions (1994)

Measuring Lead Exposure in Infants, Children, and Other Sensitive Populations (1993)

Pesticides in the Diets of Infants and Children (1993)

Issues in Risk Assessment (1993)

Setting Priorities for Land Conservation (1993)

Protecting Visibility in National Parks and Wilderness Areas (1993)

Biologic Markers in Immunotoxicology (1992)

Dolphins and the Tuna Industry (1992)

Environmental Neurotoxicology (1992)

Hazardous Materials on the Public Lands (1992)

Science and the National Parks (1992)

Animals as Sentinels of Environmental Health Hazards (1991)

Assessment of the U.S. Outer Continental Shelf Environmental Studies Program, Volumes I-IV (1991-1993)

Human Exposure Assessment for Airborne Pollutants (1991)

Monitoring Human Tissues for Toxic Substances (1991)

Rethinking the Ozone Problem in Urban and Regional Air Pollution (1991)

Decline of the Sea Turtles (1990)

Tracking Toxic Substances at Industrial Facilities (1990)

Biologic Markers in Pulmonary Toxicology (1989)

Biologic Markers in Reproductive Toxicology (1989)

These reports may be ordered from the National Academy Press

(800) 624-6242 or (202) 334-3313

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1994. Review of the U.S. Naval Medical Research Institute's Toxicology Program. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9140.
×

Recent Reports of the Committee on Toxicology

Health Effects of Permethrin-Impregnated Army Battle-Dress Uniforms (1994)

Spacecraft Maximum Allowable Concentrations for Selected Airborne Contaminants, Volume 1 (1994)

Health Effects of Ingested Fluoride (1993)

Guidelines for Developing Community Emergency Exposure Levels for Hazardous Substances (1993)

Guidelines for Developing Spacecraft Maximum Allowable Concentrations for Space Station Contaminants (1992)

Review of the U.S. Army Environmental Hygeine Agency Toxicology Division (1991)

Permissible Exposure Levels and Emergency Exposure Guidance Levels for Selected Airborne Contaminants (1991)

Page xiii Cite
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1994. Review of the U.S. Naval Medical Research Institute's Toxicology Program. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9140.
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Preface

Because of budget reductions, the U.S. Navy, as well as other parts of the U.S. Department of Defense (DOD), will be reducing in size during the next several years. The budget reduction will affect various research programs conducted and sponsored by the three armed services. Therefore, the Naval Medical Research and Development Command is conducting a strategic planning effort to determine the best approach to support the health-related research needs of the Navy and Marine Corps. Among the many decisions to be made are those concerning the amount and type of toxicological research to be conducted to support the Navy's operational requirements.

In this report, the Committee on Toxicology's Subcommittee to Review the U.S. Naval Medical Research Institute 's Toxicology Program evaluates the Navy's current toxicology program and Ten-Year Strategic Plan and makes recommendations for their improvement. We hope that the report will be useful to the Navy in deciding what research in the area of toxicology should be funded to support naval operations. The report calls for the formation of a cost-effective triservice toxicology program that would eliminate unnecessary research and duplication of effort within DOD.

We gratefully acknowledge Captain David Macys and Lieutenant Commander Paul Gillooly of the U.S. Navy for their interest and support of the project.

We also thank other persons who provided information for the subcommittee, including Dr. Robert Carpenter, Commander Nathan Lacy, Commander David von Minden, Dr. Tanjore Narayanan, Lieutenant Commander John Rossi, Lieutenant Commander John Wyman (all from the U.S. Navy), Lieutenant Colonel John Latendresse, Major Daniel Caldwell (U.S. Army), Colonel James Cooper (U.S. Air Force), Dr. Hugh Barton, Dr. Edward Kimmel, Dr. Jeff Gearhart, Dr. S. Gordon,

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1994. Review of the U.S. Naval Medical Research Institute's Toxicology Program. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9140.
×

and Mr. Edward Kinkead (all from ManTech). We gratefully acknowledge the helpful comments provided by Dr. Philip G. Brown, Mr. William L. Hart, Dr. Daland R. Juberg, and Mr. Ralph C. Reynolds, of Eastman Kodak Company, during the preparation of this report.

We are thankful to the anonymous reviewers for their many helpful comments and suggestions that have resulted in improvements in the presentation of the subcommittee's findings.

This report could not have been produced without the untiring efforts of the NRC staff, including James J. Reisa, director, Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology; Richard D. Thomas, former program director, Committee on Toxicology; Ruth E. Crossgrove, editor; Niani Sutardjo, project assistant; and Catherine Kubik, senior program assistant. We gratefully acknowledge the persistence, patience, and expertise of Kulbir S. Bakshi, project director of the subcommittee, in bringing this report to its final form. Finally, we would like to thank all members of the subcommittee for their expertise, input, and support throughout our deliberations.

R. Hays Bell, Chair

Subcommittee to Review the

U.S. Naval Medical Research Institute's

Toxicology Program

Rogene F. Henderson, Chair

Committee on Toxicology

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