Below are the first 10 and last 10 pages of uncorrected machine-read text (when available) of this chapter, followed by the top 30 algorithmically extracted key phrases from the chapter as a whole.
Intended to provide our own search engines and external engines with highly rich, chapter-representative searchable text on the opening pages of each chapter.
Because it is UNCORRECTED material, please consider the following text as a useful but insufficient proxy for the authoritative book pages.
Do not use for reproduction, copying, pasting, or reading; exclusively for search engines.
OCR for page 45
Committee on Military Nutrition Research: Activity Report
Nutritional Requirements for Work in Cold and High Altitude Environments
The Committee on Military Nutrition Research (CMNR) was asked by the Division of Military Nutrition, U.S. Army Institute of Environmental Medicine (USARIEM), to review current research pertaining to nutrient requirements for working in cold and high altitude environments and to comment on how this information may be applied to military nutrient standards and military rations. The Committee was thus tasked with providing a thorough review of the literature in this area and interpreting these diverse data in terms of military applications. In addition to a focus on specific nutrient needs in cold environments, the Committee was asked to include consideration of factors that might change food intake patterns and therefore overall energy intake. The Army has conducted extensive research in this area and the CMNR has previously discussed both specific ration items (Ration, Cold Weather [RCW]) and Alaska -based cold weather experimental studies that compared soldier intake and performance between several versions of the Meal, Ready-to-Eat (MRE) and the RCW (Marriott, and Earl, 1992). This project also parallelled and earlier CMNR study of the nutrient requirements for hot environments (Marriott, 1993; see page XX and Appendix G).
The principal questions that the CMNR was asked to address were:
Aside from increased energy demands, do cold or high altitude environments elicit an increased demand or requirement for specific nutrients?
OCR for page 46
Committee on Military Nutrition Research: Activity Report
Can performance be enhanced in cold or high altitude environments by the provision of increased amounts of specific nutrients?
To assist the CMNR in developing a response to these questions, a workshop was convened on January 31-February 2, 1994 in Washington, D.C., that included presentations from individuals familiar with or having expertise in digestive physiology, energetics, macronutrients, vitamins, minerals, appetite, psychology, exercise physiology, and high altitude physiology. The titles of the presented papers are listed below:
Scenarios of Cold Exposure in Military Settings
William D. Strauss
COL Russell W. Schumacher, Jr.
How the Army Feeds Soldiers in the Cold
LTC Nancy King
CW4 Thomas J. Lange
The Physiology of Cold Exposure
Andrew J. Young
Central Nervous System Function, Sleep, and Cold Stress
Robert S. Pozos
The Influence of Cold Exposure on Body Fluid Balance
Major Beau Freund
Muscle Metabolism and Shivering During Cold Stress
Ira Jacobs
Macronutrient Requirements for Work in Cold Environments
Peter J.H. Jones
Cold Exposure, Appetite, and Energy Balance
Jacques LeBlanc
Influence of Cold and Altitude on Vitamin and Mineral Requirements
Robert D. Reynolds
Micronutrient Deficiency States and Thermoregulation in the Cold
John L. Beard
Drug-Induced Delay of Hypothermia
Andre Vallerand
Food and Ice
Robert E. Feeney
The Physiology of High Altitude Exposure
Allen Cymerman
The Effects of High Altitude on Physical Performance and Well-Being
Robert B. Schoene
Fluid Metabolism at High Altitude
Inder S. Anand
OCR for page 47
Committee on Military Nutrition Research: Activity Report
Effects of High Altitude on Basal Energy Requirement, Body Composition Maintenance and Fuel Source When Energy Intake is Adequate
Gail E. Butterfield
Energy and Macronutrient Requirements for Work at High Altitude
Reed W. Hoyt
Vitamin E and Antioxidants
Irene Simon-Schnass
Effects of Altitude on Cognitive Performance and Mood States
Barbara Shukitt-Hale
Environmental Stress Management by Adaptogens
Kaushal Kishore Srivastava
Food Components and other Treatments that may Enhance Mental Performance at High Altitude and in the Cold
Harris Lieberman
A panel discussion was held at the end of the workshop to summarize the findings and discuss specific issues raised during the two-day workshop. The six invited panelists, Robert B. Schoene, Robert S. Pozos, Murray Hamlet, Bill Strauss, Irwin Taub, and COL Russell Schumacher, had either contributed presentations to the workshop or brought additional expertise in food development, cold physiology, high altitude research, and military operations at high altitude.
The invited speakers discussed their presentations with the Committee members at the workshop and submitted the content of their verbal presentations as written reports. The committee met in executive session after the workshop to discuss the issues raised and the information provided. The members of the committee will draw upon their expertise and the scientific literature to develop a summary, conclusions, and recommendations based on this workshop. The CMNR is currently in the process of completing this report for submission to the U.S. Army Medical Research, Development, Acquisition, and Logistics Command (Provisional) [USAMRDALC (PROV)]. The completed report will also include the written papers by invited speakers and will be submitted in early spring, 1995 in the CMNR workshop report series format.
OCR for page 48
Committee on Military Nutrition Research: Activity Report
This page in the original is blank.
Representative terms from entire chapter:
altitude environments
