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Rights & Permissions Free Resources Display this book on your site! Related Titles Neutrinos and Beyond:New Windows on Nature An Assessment of the Science Proposed for the Deep Underground Science and Engineering Laboratory (DUSEL) Other Related Titles Neutrino Astrophysics: A Research Briefing (1995) Commission on Physical Sciences, Mathematics, and Applications (CPSMA) Citation Manager Export the bibliographic data for this book in your chosen format Web Search Builder Use this book's key terms to search within this book, across our collection, or across the Web. Skim This Chapter Skim this chapter and use this chapter's key terms to search within this book. Reference Finder Paste in your own text to find books that relate to your topic. Citation Manager . "REFERENCES." Neutrino Astrophysics: A Research Briefing. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 1995. Please select a format: Page 13   E-mail Share on facebook Facebook Share on delicious Delicious Share on stumbleupon Stumble Share on twitter Twitter More Sharing ServicesMore The following HTML text is provided to enhance online readability. Many aspects of typography translate only awkwardly to HTML. Please use the page image as the authoritative form to ensure accuracy. References [1] H.A. Bethe , Phys. Rev. 55, 434 ( 1939 ); G. Gamow , Phys. Rev. 53, 595 ( 1938 ); W. A. Fowler , Rev. Mod. Phys. 56, 149 ( 1984 ). [2] J. N. Bahcall , Neutrino Astrophysics ( Cambridge University Press , Cambridge, England , 1989 ). [3] R. Davis, Jr. , Frontiers of Neutrino Astrophysics , edited by Y. Suzuki and K. Nakamura ( Universal Academy Press, Inc. , 1993 ), p. 47 . [4] K. S. Hirata et al. , Phys. Rev. Lett. 63, 16 ( 1989 ). [5] K. S. Hirata et al. , Phys. Rev. D. 44, 2241 ( 1991 ). [6] P. Anselmann et al. , Phys. Lett. B 285, 376 ( 1992 ). [7] P. Anselmann , Phys. Lett. B 314, 445 ( 1993 ); P. Anselmann , Phys. Lett. B 327, 377 ( 1994 ). [8] A. I. Abazov et al. , Phys. Rev. Lett. 67, 3332 ( 1991 ). [9] J. N. Abdurashitov et al. , Phys. Lett. B 328, 234 ( 1994 ); J. N. Abdurashitov et al. , Proc. 16th Int. Conf. on Neutrino Physics and Astrophysics , Eilat, Israel , May 29-June 3, 1994 (to be published). [10] H. A. Bethe and G. Brown , Sci. Am. 252, 60 ( 1985 ). [11] K. S. Hirata et al. , Phys. Rev. Lett. 58 , 1490 ( 1987 ). [12] R. M. Bionta et al. , Phys. Rev. Lett. 58, 1494 ( 1987 ). [13] J. N. Bahcall , Phys. Rev. Lett. 12, 300 ( 1964 ); R. Davis, Jr. , Phys. Rev. Lett. 12, 303 ( 1964 ). [14] V. Gribov and B. Pontecorvo , Phys. Lett. B 28, 493 ( 1969 ); S. M. Bilenky and B. Pontecorvo , Phys. Rep. 41, 225 ( 1978 ). [15] L. Wolfenstein , Phys. Rev. D 17, 2369 ( 1978 ); Phys. Rev. D 20, 2634 ( 1979 ). [16] S. P. Mikheyev and A. Yu. Smirnov , Sov. J. Nucl. Phys. (Engl. Transl.) 42, 913 ( 1986 ); Nuovo Cimento 9C, 17 ( 1986 ). [17] Tokyo Workshop on Techniques for the Study of Extremely High Energy Cosmic Rays , Tokyo, Japan , 27-30 September 1993 , edited by M. Nagano ( Tokyo , 1994 ). [18] J. N. Bahcall , Phys. Lett. B 338, 276 ( 1994 ). [19] J. N. Bahcall and M. H. Pinsonneault , Rev. Mod. Phys. 64, 885 ( 1992 ). [20] J. N. Bahcall and H. A. Bethe , Phys. Rev. Lett. 65, 18 ( 1990 ); J. N. Bahcall and H. A. Bethe , Phys. Rev. D. 47, 1298 ( 1993 ); M. Fukugita , Mod. Phys. Lett. A6, 645 ( 1991 ); S. Pakvasa in Proceedings of the 25th International Conference on High Energy Physics , edited by K. K. Phua and Y. Yamaguchi ( Physical Society of Japan , Singapore ), Vol. 1 , p. 698 ( 1991 ); S. A. Bludman et al. , Phys. Rev. D 47, 220 ( 1993 ); V. Castellani et al. , Phys. Lett. B 324, 425 ( 1994 ); V. Berezinski Commun. Nucl. Part. Phys. , ( 1994 , in press). Page 13 FRONT MATTER (R1-R8) CONTENTS (R9-R10) WHY NEUTRINO ASTROPHYSICS? (1-1) ONGOING SOLAR NEUTRINO EXPERIMENTS (2-3) SOLAR NEUTRINO EXPERIMENTS UNDER CONSTRUCTION (4-5) DEVELOPING NEW SOLAR NEUTRINO DETECTORS (6-7) HIGH-ENERGY NEUTRINOS (8-8) A KILOMETER-SCALE HIGH-ENERGY NEUTRINO TELESCOPE (9-9) WHAT NEXT? (10-11) ACKNOWLEDGMENTS (12-12) REFERENCES (13-16)

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Neutrino Astrophysics: A Research Briefing References [1] H.A. Bethe , Phys. Rev. 55, 434 ( 1939 ); G. Gamow , Phys. Rev. 53, 595 ( 1938 ); W. A. Fowler , Rev. Mod. Phys. 56, 149 ( 1984 ). [2] J. N. Bahcall , Neutrino Astrophysics ( Cambridge University Press , Cambridge, England , 1989 ). [3] R. Davis, Jr. , Frontiers of Neutrino Astrophysics , edited by Y. Suzuki and K. Nakamura ( Universal Academy Press, Inc. , 1993 ), p. 47 . [4] K. S. Hirata et al. , Phys. Rev. Lett. 63, 16 ( 1989 ). [5] K. S. Hirata et al. , Phys. Rev. D. 44, 2241 ( 1991 ). [6] P. Anselmann et al. , Phys. Lett. B 285, 376 ( 1992 ). [7] P. Anselmann , Phys. Lett. B 314, 445 ( 1993 ); P. Anselmann , Phys. Lett. B 327, 377 ( 1994 ). [8] A. I. Abazov et al. , Phys. Rev. Lett. 67, 3332 ( 1991 ). [9] J. N. Abdurashitov et al. , Phys. Lett. B 328, 234 ( 1994 ); J. N. Abdurashitov et al. , Proc. 16th Int. Conf. on Neutrino Physics and Astrophysics , Eilat, Israel , May 29-June 3, 1994 (to be published). [10] H. A. Bethe and G. Brown , Sci. Am. 252, 60 ( 1985 ). [11] K. S. Hirata et al. , Phys. Rev. Lett. 58 , 1490 ( 1987 ). [12] R. M. Bionta et al. , Phys. Rev. Lett. 58, 1494 ( 1987 ). [13] J. N. Bahcall , Phys. Rev. Lett. 12, 300 ( 1964 ); R. Davis, Jr. , Phys. Rev. Lett. 12, 303 ( 1964 ). [14] V. Gribov and B. Pontecorvo , Phys. Lett. B 28, 493 ( 1969 ); S. M. Bilenky and B. Pontecorvo , Phys. Rep. 41, 225 ( 1978 ). [15] L. Wolfenstein , Phys. Rev. D 17, 2369 ( 1978 ); Phys. Rev. D 20, 2634 ( 1979 ). [16] S. P. Mikheyev and A. Yu. Smirnov , Sov. J. Nucl. Phys. (Engl. Transl.) 42, 913 ( 1986 ); Nuovo Cimento 9C, 17 ( 1986 ). [17] Tokyo Workshop on Techniques for the Study of Extremely High Energy Cosmic Rays , Tokyo, Japan , 27-30 September 1993 , edited by M. Nagano ( Tokyo , 1994 ). [18] J. N. Bahcall , Phys. Lett. B 338, 276 ( 1994 ). [19] J. N. Bahcall and M. H. Pinsonneault , Rev. Mod. Phys. 64, 885 ( 1992 ). [20] J. N. Bahcall and H. A. Bethe , Phys. Rev. Lett. 65, 18 ( 1990 ); J. N. Bahcall and H. A. Bethe , Phys. Rev. D. 47, 1298 ( 1993 ); M. Fukugita , Mod. Phys. Lett. A6, 645 ( 1991 ); S. Pakvasa in Proceedings of the 25th International Conference on High Energy Physics , edited by K. K. Phua and Y. Yamaguchi ( Physical Society of Japan , Singapore ), Vol. 1 , p. 698 ( 1991 ); S. A. Bludman et al. , Phys. Rev. D 47, 220 ( 1993 ); V. Castellani et al. , Phys. Lett. B 324, 425 ( 1994 ); V. Berezinski Commun. Nucl. Part. Phys. , ( 1994 , in press).

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Neutrino Astrophysics: A Research Briefing [21] V. A. Kuz'min , Sov. Phys. JETP (Engl. Transl.) 22, 1059 ( 1966 ). [22] J. N. Bahcall , B. T. Cleveland , R. Davis, Jr. , et al. , Phys. Rev. Lett. 40, 1351 ( 1978 ). [23] H. Chen , Phys. Rev. Lett. 55, 1534 ( ); G. Aardsma et al. , Phys. Lett. B 194, 321 ( 1987 ); G. Ewan et al. , Sudbury Neutrino Observatory Proposal SNO-87-12 ( 1987 ). [24] Y. Totsuka , in Proceedings of the International Symposium on Underground Physics Experiments , edited by K. Nakamura ( ICRR, University of Tokyo , 1990 ), p. 129 ; A. Suzuki , in Proceedings of the Workshop on Elementary-Particle Picture of the Universe , Tsukuba, Japan , 1987 , edited by M. Yoshimura , Y. Totsuka , and K. Nakamura ( KEK Report No. 87-1 , Tsukuba , 1987 ), p. 136 ; M. Takita , in Frontiers of Neutrino Astrophysics , edited by Y. Suzuki and K. Nakamura ( Universal Academy Press, Inc. , Tokyo , 1993 ), p. 135 . [25] G. Ranucci for the Borexino Collaboration, Nucl. Phys. B (Proc. Suppl.) 32, 149 ( 1993 ); C. Arpasella et al. , in “Borexino at Gran Sasso: Proposal for a real-time detector for low energy solar neutrinos,” Vols. I and II , University of Milan , INFN report (unpublished) ; “Borexino-A Real Time Detector for Low Energy Solar Neutrinos,” proposal submitted to the NSF by Princeton University on behalf of the U.S. Borexino Collaboration, December, 1992 . [26] W. C. Haxton , Phys. Rev. Lett. 60, 768 ( 1988 ). [27] J. P. Revol , Frontiers of Neutrino Astrophysics , edited by Y. Suzuki and K. Nakamura ( Universal Academy Press, Inc. , Tokyo , 1993 ), p. 167 ; J. N. Bahcall , Mo Baldo-Ceolin , D. Cline , and C. Rubbia , Phys. Lett. B 178, 324 ( 1986 ); C. Rubbia , CERN-EP Internal Report 77-8 ( 1977 ); The ICARUS Collaboration , ICARUS II , A Second-Generation Proton Decay Experiment and Neutrino Observatory at the Gran Sasso Laboratory , Volume I ( September 1993 ), Volume II ( May 1994 ). [28] R. E. Lanou , H. J. Maris , and G. M. Seidel , Phys. Rev. Lett. 58, 2498 ( 1987 ); S. R. Bandler et al. , Phys. Rev. Lett. 68, 2429 ( 1992 ); F. S. Porter , Ph.D. Thesis , Brown University ( 1994 , unpublished); S. R. Bandler et al. , J. Low Temp. Phys. 93, 715 and 785 ( 1993 ). [29] J. Seguinot , T. Ypsilantis , and A. Zichichi , “A High Rate Solar Neutrino Detector with Energy Determination,” LPC92-31 , College de France , December 8, 1992. [30] P. D. Barnes et al. , J. Low Temp. Phys. 93, 791 ( 1993 ); W. Seidel et al. , ibid., 797 ; A. Alessandrello et al. , ibid., 815 . [31] A. Alessandrello et al. , Report No. INFN/SAE-92/28 ( 1992 , unpublished). [32] R. S. Raghavan , P. Raghavan , and T. Kovacs , Phys. Rev. Lett. 71, 4295 ( 1993 ). [33] I. R. Barabanov , G. V. Domagatsky , and G. T. Zatsepin , , edited by J. Schneps , T. Kafka , W. A. Mann , and P. Nath (World Scientific, Singapore , 1989 ), p. 331. [34] A. Kopylov , Frontiers of Neutrino Astrophysics , edited by Y. Suzuki and K. Nakamura ( Universal Academy Press, Inc. , Tokyo , 1993 ), p. 157. [35] J. N. Bahcall , Phys. Rev. Lett. 23, 251 ( 1969 ).

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Neutrino Astrophysics: A Research Briefing [36] J. G. Learned , “Detection of cosmic high energy neutrinos,” Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London A 346 ( 1994 ). [37] Y. Fukuda et al. , Phys. Lett. B 335, 237 ( 1994 ). [38] Proceedings of the Workshop on High Energy Neutrino Astronomy , University of Hawaii , March 1992 , edited by V. Stenger et al. (World Scientific, Singapore , 1992 ); S. Barwick et al. , Neutrino Astronomy on the 1 km2 scale, J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys. 18, 225 ( 1992 ). [39] BAIKAL Collaboration , “The BAIKAL Neutrino Telescope NT-200,” Proceedings of the 1994 Venice Workshop , edited by M. Baldo-Ceollin ( Universita Degli Studi Di Padova , 1994 ). [40] P. K. Grieder et al. , “DUMAND Stage II Progress Report,” Proceedings of the NESTOR Workshop at Pylos , Greece , October 1993 , edited by L. K. Resvanis ( University of Athens , 1994 ). [41] T. Miller et al. , Proceedings of the 23rd International Cosmic Ray Conference , Calgary, Canada ( 1993 ); S. Tilav et al. , Proceedings of the 23rd International Cosmic Ray Conference , Calgary, Canada ( 1993 ). [42] Proceedings of the NESTOR Workshop at Pylos , Greece , October 1993 , edited by L. K. Resvanis , ( University of Athens , 1994 ). [43] J. G. Learned and S. Pakvasa , Astroparticle Physics (submitted, 1994 ). [44] See the Proceedings of the Venice Workshops on Neutrino Telescopes, edited by M. Baldo-Ceolin , Universita Degli Studi di Padova , Venice, Italy ( 1989-1994 ). [45] J. N. Bahcall , Phys. Rev. D 44, 1644 ( 1991 ).

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Neutrino Astrophysics: A Research Briefing FIGURE 1. Solar neutrino spectrum. The figure shows the energy spectrum of neutrinos predicted by the standard solar model [2]. The neutrino fluxes from continuum sources (like pp and 8B) are given in the units of number per cm2 per second per MeV at 1 astronomical unit. The line fluxes (pep and 7Be) are given in number per cm2 per second. The spectra from the pp chain are drawn with solid lines; the CNO spectra are drawn with dotted lines. The arrows at the top of the figure indicate the energy thresholds for the ongoing neutrino experiments. `

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