. "Appendix B: The Burden of Disease Resulting from Acute Respiratory Illness." New Vaccine Development: Establishing Priorities: Volume II, Diseases of Importance in Developing Countries. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 1986.
The following HTML text is provided to enhance online
readability. Many aspects of typography translate only awkwardly to HTML.
Please use the page image
as the authoritative form to ensure accuracy.
New Vaccine Development: Establishing Priorities, Volume II, Diseases of Importance in Developing Countries
TABLE B.1 Population Distribution in Regions Where Developing Countries Predominate (thousands)
Age Group (years)
Region
Under 1
1–4
Total Under 5
5–14
15–59
60 and Over
Africa
23,040
73,762
96,802
141,459
265,451
27,288
Asia
73,400
270,300
343,700
666,402
1,472,242
179,656
Latin America
12,736
44,499
57,235
100,220
214,415
25,130
Oceania
187
635
822
1,285
2,620
273
Total
109,363
389,196
498,559
909,366
1,954,728
232,347
TABLE B.2 Estimated Mortality in Developing Countries Due to Acute Respiratory Infections (deaths/100,000 population/yeara)
aModified from Bulla and Hitze (1978). Rates in some categories are based on a small number of reporting countries.
bNot calculated.
Pio et al. (1985) reviewed the results of bacteriological studies on lung aspirates from children (birth to 8 years of age) in developing countries who had pneumonia and no previous antimicrobial treatment. About 55 percent of these aspirates were culture positive for bacteria. Of these, 22.5 percent contained S. pneumoniae, and 11.5 percent contained H. influenzae. Staphylococcus aureus (4.4 percent), mixed infections, or other bacteria accounted for the balance of positive cultures. These proportions may be underestimates because the appropriate lung lesion may not have been reached with the aspiration needle or because laboratory methods may have been inadequate. Lung aspirate sampling may overestimate the significance of bacterial pathogens because of the kinds of patients selected for testing (see above). However, it is not possible to estimate how much these considerations affect the accuracy of available data.
