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New Vaccine Development: Establishing Priorities: Volume II, Diseases of Importance in Developing Countries (1986)
Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice (BPH)

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. "Appendix D-7: The Prospects for Immunizing Against Mycobacterium leprae." New Vaccine Development: Establishing Priorities: Volume II, Diseases of Importance in Developing Countries. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 1986.

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New Vaccine Development: Establishing Priorities, Volume II, Diseases of Importance in Developing Countries

Problems to be Overcome

Major economic, political, and social problems may hamper efforts to evaluate potential vaccine candidates for leprosy. Research and field studies to determine which vaccines are most appropriate for specific populations will be expensive. Some areas of the developing world that possess the field and clinical expertise to participate in vaccine trials and evaluations lack the national political commitment to initiate and carry out essential background work. The most significant social question will be whether the identification of an effective vaccine for leprosy and the development of suitable delivery systems can overcome the universal stigma associated with the disease.

REFERENCES

Bloom, B.R. 1985. Personal communication, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, N.Y.

Bloom, B.R., and T.Godal. 1983. Selective primary health care: strategies for control of disease in the developing world. V. Leprosy. Rev. Infect. Dis. 5(4):765–780.

Bloom, B.R., and V.Mehra. 1984. Vaccine strategies for the eradication of leprosy. Pp. 368–389 in New Approaches to Vaccine Development, R.Bell and G.Torrigiani, eds. Basel, Switzerland: Schwabe and Co. AG.


Convit, J., M.Aranzazu, M.Pinardi, and M.Ulrich. 1979. Immunological changes observed in indeterminate and lepromatous leprosy patients and Mitsuda-negative contacts after the inoculation of a mixture of Mycobacterium leprae and BCG. Clin. Exp. Immuno. 36:214,

Convit, J., M.Aranzazu, M.Ulrich, M.Zuniga, M.E. De Aragon, J.Alvarado, and O.Reyes. 1983. Investigations related to the development of a leprosy vaccine. Int. J. Lepr. 51:531–539.


Deo, M.G., C.V.Bapt, V.Bhalerao, R.M.Chaturvedi, W.S.Bhatki, and R.G.Chulawala. 1983. Antileprosy potential of ICRC vaccine: A study in patients and healthy volunteers. Int. J.Lepr. 51:540–549.


Fine, P.E.M. 1982. Leprosy: The epidemiology of a slow bacterium. Epidemiol. Rev. 4:161–188.

Fine, P.E.M. 1985. The role of BCG in the control of leprosy. The Kellersberger Memorial Lecture. Ethiopian Med. J. 23:179–188.


Gill, H.K., A.S.Mustafa, and T.Godal. In press. Sensitization of normal human volunteers with a candidate vaccine against leprosy. Bull. WHO.


Irgens, L.M. 1980. Leprosy in Norway. An epidemiological study based on a national patient registry. Lepr. Rev. 51(suppl. 1): 1–130.


Mehra, V., and B.R.Bloom. 1979. Induction of cell mediated immunity to Mycobacterium leprae in guinea pigs. Infect. Immun. 23:787–794.


Noordeen, S.K. 1984. Personal communication, World Health Organization, Geneva.


Samuel, N.M., K.Neupani, R.J.W.Rees, J.L.Stanford, and R.B.Adiga. 1984. Vaccination of contacts, normals, and leprosy patients.

Page
249
Front Matter (R1-R16)
1. Summary (1-18)
2. Priority Setting for Health-Related Investments: A Review of Methods (19-29)
3. Overview of the Analytic Approach (30-43)
4. Comparison of Disease Burdens (44-62)
5. Predictions of Vaccine Development (63-75)
6. Assessing the Likely Utilization of New Vaccines (76-81)
7. Calculation and Comparison of the Health Benefits and Differential Costs Associated with Candidate Vaccines (82-105)
8. Additional Issues in the Selection of Priorities for Accelerated Vaccine Development (106-120)
9. Findings, Conclusions, and Recommendations (121-142)
Appendix A: Selection of Vaccine Candidates for Accelerated Development (143-148)
Appendix B: The Burden of Disease Resulting from Acute Respiratory Illness (149-158)
Appendix C: The Burden of Disease Resulting from Diarrhea (159-169)
Appendix D-1: The Prospects for Immunizing Against Dengue Virus (170-177)
Appendix D-2: The Prospects for Immunizing Against Escherichia coli (178-185)
Appendix D-3: The Prospects for Immunizing Against Hemophilus influenzae Type b (186-196)
Appendix D-4: The Prospects for Immunizing Against Hepatitis A Virus (197-207)
Appendix D-5: The Prospects for Immunizing Against Hepatitis B Virus (208-222)
Appendix D-6: The Prospects for Immunizing Against Japanese Encephalitis Virus (223-240)
Appendix D-7: The Prospects for Immunizing Against Mycobacterium leprae (241-250)
Appendix D-8: The Prospects for Immunizing Against Neisseria meningitidis (251-266)
Appendix D-9: The Prospects for Immunizing Against Parainfluenza Viruses (267-274)
Appendix D-10: The Prospects for Immunizing Against Plasmodium spp. (275-286)
Appendix D-11: The Prospects for Immunizing Against Rabies Virus (287-298)
Appendix D-12: The Prospects for Immunizing Against Respiratory Syncytial Virus (299-307)
Appendix D-13: The Prospects for Immunizing Against Rotavirus (308-318)
Appendix D-14: The Prospects for Immunizing Against Salmonella typhi (319-328)
Appendix D-15: The Prospects for Immunizing Against Shigella spp. (329-337)
Appendix D-16: The Prospects for Immunizing Against Streptococcus Group A (338-356)
Appendix D-17: The Prospects for Immunizing Against Streptococcus pneumoniae (357-375)
Appendix D-18: The Prospects for Immunizing Against Vibrio cholerae (376-389)
Appendix D-19: The Prospects for Immunizing Against Yellow Fever (390-402)
Appendix E: Questionnaire for Assessing Morbidity-Mortality Trade-Offs (403-411)
Appendix F: Technical Notes (412-412)
Appendix G: Biographical Notes on Committee Members (413-417)
Appendix H: Additional Sources of Advice to the Committee (418-419)
Appendix I: Contents of Supplement to Volume II (420-420)
Appendix J: Preface to Volume I (421-422)
Appendix K: Contents to Volume I (423-423)
Index (424-432)