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Rights & Permissions Free PDF Access Sign in to download PDF book and chapters Free Resources Display this book on your site! Related Titles Toxicological Risks of Selected Flame-Retardant Chemicals Spacecraft Water Exposure Guidelines for Selected Contaminants: Volume 1 Other Related Titles Health Effects of Permethrin-Impregnated Army Battle-Dress Uniforms (1994) Commission on Life Sciences (CLS) Citation Manager Export the bibliographic data for this book in your chosen format Web Search Builder Use this book's key terms to search within this book, across our collection, or across the Web. Skim This Chapter Skim this chapter and use this chapter's key terms to search within this book. Reference Finder Paste in your own text to find books that relate to your topic. Citation Manager . "8 Immunotoxicity of Permethrin." Health Effects of Permethrin-Impregnated Army Battle-Dress Uniforms. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 1994. Please select a format: Page 77   E-mail Share on facebook Facebook Share on delicious Delicious Share on stumbleupon Stumble Share on twitter Twitter More Sharing ServicesMore The following HTML text is provided to enhance online readability. Many aspects of typography translate only awkwardly to HTML. Please use the page image as the authoritative form to ensure accuracy. 8 Immunotoxicity of Permethrin The immune system is the first line of defense to protect animals and humans from disease. Suppression of the immune response can result in an increase in susceptibility to infectious and carcinogenic agents, and an increased response can provoke allergies and autoimmunity. In some instances, the immune system can be the primary target organ of toxic chemicals. No data are available in the literature on the immunotoxic potential of permethrin in humans. Two immunotoxicity studies have been conducted with permethrin. In an in vitro study (Stelzer and Gordon, 1984), permethrin at a concentration of approximately 10−5 to 10−6 M inhibited the mitogenic response of murine immune lymphocytes. Although permethrin inhibited the mitogenic response of murine lymphocytes in vitro, mitogenic responses in in vitro exposures do not represent functional immunity, nor do they simulate in vivo reactions. McCorkle et al. (1980) fed 1-day-old chicks permethrin at 0.01, 0.1, or 1 ppm for 6 weeks. The antibody titers to a T-cell-dependent antigen (sheep red blood cells) were elevated, and titers to a T-cell-independent antigen (Brucella abortus) were depressed. The contrasting, elevated and suppressed, antibody responses to antigen do not reflect a consistent immunotoxicological effect. Immunotoxicological data for most chemicals have been acquired in laboratory mice and rats; therefore, additional studies need to be performed in those species to determine the immuno- Page 77 Front Matter (R1-R17) Summary (1-16) 1 Introduction (17-22) 2 Exposure Assessment (23-26) 3 Pharmacokinetics of Permethrin (27-42) 4 Acute and Short-Term Toxicity of Permethrin (43-56) 5 Dermal and Ocular Toxicity of Permethrin (57-66) 6 Neurotoxicity of Permethrin (67-72) 7 Liver and Other Organ Toxicity of Permethrin (73-76) 8 Immunotoxicity of Permethrin (77-78) 9 Reproductive and Developmental Toxicity Of Permethrin (79-86) 10 Genotoxicity of Permethrin (87-92) 11 Carcinogenicity of Permethrin (93-106) 12 Summary of Recommendations (107-112) References (113-128) Appendix A (129-137)

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Health Effects of Permethrin-Impregnated Army Battle-Dress Uniforms 8 Immunotoxicity of Permethrin The immune system is the first line of defense to protect animals and humans from disease. Suppression of the immune response can result in an increase in susceptibility to infectious and carcinogenic agents, and an increased response can provoke allergies and autoimmunity. In some instances, the immune system can be the primary target organ of toxic chemicals. No data are available in the literature on the immunotoxic potential of permethrin in humans. Two immunotoxicity studies have been conducted with permethrin. In an in vitro study (Stelzer and Gordon, 1984), permethrin at a concentration of approximately 10−5 to 10−6 M inhibited the mitogenic response of murine immune lymphocytes. Although permethrin inhibited the mitogenic response of murine lymphocytes in vitro, mitogenic responses in in vitro exposures do not represent functional immunity, nor do they simulate in vivo reactions. McCorkle et al. (1980) fed 1-day-old chicks permethrin at 0.01, 0.1, or 1 ppm for 6 weeks. The antibody titers to a T-cell-dependent antigen (sheep red blood cells) were elevated, and titers to a T-cell-independent antigen (Brucella abortus) were depressed. The contrasting, elevated and suppressed, antibody responses to antigen do not reflect a consistent immunotoxicological effect. Immunotoxicological data for most chemicals have been acquired in laboratory mice and rats; therefore, additional studies need to be performed in those species to determine the immuno-

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Health Effects of Permethrin-Impregnated Army Battle-Dress Uniforms toxic potential of permethrin. Few immunotoxicological data from laboratory animal exposures are available for permethrin or other pyrethroids. CONCLUSIONS No human data are available to evaluate the immunotoxic potential of permethrin in humans. The two laboratory studies (an in vitro study with lymphocytes and a study in chicks) are inconclusive to assess the immunotoxicological effects of permethrin. RECOMMENDATIONS Little immunotoxicological information is available for permethrin. Immunotoxicological investigations need to be performed in laboratory animals to ascertain the immunotoxic properties, if any, of permethrin in mammalian species. These studies should follow the guidelines presented in the National Research Council's report Biologic Markers inImmunotoxicology (NRC, 1992).

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mitogenic response