leaders in the operational exercises of the fleet, providing an opportunity for ONR staff to gain a better understanding of the needs of their primary customers. This is also facilitated by teaming the federal funding category 6.3 (advanced development) managers with the 6.1 (basic and applied research) and 6.2 (exploratory development) managers.

ONR develops many products for the Navy that have potential nonmilitary application. These products include tangible technology as well as information contained in databases and interpreted through models. ONR-supported research and development activities have resulted in a large amount of tangible technology and information, including instruments and sensors, platforms, systems engineering methods, information technology, algorithms, models and simulations, and databases, developed by ONR 32 (Steve Ramberg, ONR, personal communication, 1995; see Table D1 Table D2 Table D3 Table D4 Table D5 in Appendix D).

A number of key areas with high potential for dual-use applications are described in more detail in subsequent sections. These include areas such as remote sensing, computer modeling, deep-sea technology, salvage and construction methodologies, and coatings and materials development.

Remote sensing R&D at ONR 32 is housed mainly in the Sensing and Systems Division (321), but aspects are also addressed in the Modeling and Prediction Division (322). “Sensing” includes detection of an acoustical, optical, chemical, physical, or biological parameter of interest. “Remote” sensing is often associated with satellites or aircraft, but also includes the use of underwater acoustics. Remote sensing refers to the technology that detects the signal, as well as the methodology that processes and models the signal.

The Sensing and Systems Division (321) focuses on technology development in the following areas:

• Ocean acoustics

• Space and remote sensing

• Sensing-information dominance

• Coastal dynamics

• Sensors, sources, and arrays

• Ocean engineering and marine systems

• Undersea signal processing

• Littoral surveillance and systems

• Tactical sensing support

The Modeling and Prediction Division (322) also supports a broad agenda of scientific inquiry and technology development in areas of environmental optics, physical oceanography, biological and chemical oceanography, ocean modeling