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Environmental Tobacco Smoke: Measuring Exposures and Assessing Health Effects (1986)
Commission on Life Sciences (CLS)

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. "1 Introduction." Environmental Tobacco Smoke: Measuring Exposures and Assessing Health Effects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 1986.

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Environmental Tobacco Smoke: Measuring Exposures and Assessing Health Effects

are considered in Chapters 4 through 8, including physical effects, questionnaires, and biological markers. Chapters 9 through 15 review epidemiologic studies of possible health effects of these exposures. The health consequences examined range from irritation and allergic reactions to cancer and cardiovascular disease. Only studies that assess exposures under experimental conditions or in the home are included. ETS potentially interacts with constituents of the ambient air. This makes the evaluation of possible health effects due to workplace exposure complex and specific to each situation because of the varying nature of contaminants. Each chapter concludes with a summary of what is currently known, the strength of that knowledge, and what additional information would further clarify the relationship of ETS and possible health effects. Some recommendations for additional research are also given.

REFERENCES

Griese, V.N. Market growth of reduced tar cigarettes. Recent Adv. Tob. Sci. 10:4–14, 1984.


Lee, P.N., Ed. Tobacco Consumption in Various Countries, pp. 82–84. London, England: Tobacco Research Council, 1975.


National Research Council, Committee on Airliner Cabin Air Quality. Airliner Cabin Environment: Air Quality and Safety. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press, 1986. 303 pp.

Norman, V. Changes in smoke chemistry of modern day cigarettes. Recent Adv. Tob. Sci. 8:141–177, 1982.


Shopland, D.R., and C.Brown. Changes in cigarette smoking prevalence in the U.S.: 1955–1983. Ann. Behav. Med. 7:5–8, 1985.


The Tobacco Institute. U.S. tar/nicotine levels dropping. The Tob. Observ. 6:1, 1981.

Tobacco Reporter. Cigars in the U.S.: Is the upturn real? Tob. Rep. 111:43–46, 1984.


U.S. Department of Agriculture. Tobacco: Outlook and Situation Report. DOA Publ. No. TS-129. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1985.

U.S. Department of Commerce. Statistical Abstract of the United States: 1985. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, 1984. 119 pp.

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Front Matter (R1-R8)
Contents (R9-R14)
Executive Summary (1-12)
1 Introduction (13-22)
Part I: Physicochemical and Toxicological Studies of Environmental Tobacco Smoke (23-24)
2 The Physicochemical Nature of Sidestream Smoke and Environmental Tobacco Smoke (25-53)
3 In Vivo and In Vitro Assays to Assess the Health Effects of Environmental Tobacco Smoke (54-62)
Part II: Assessing Exosures to Environmental Tobacco Smoke (63-64)
4 Introduction (65-68)
5 Assessubg /Exposures to Environmental Tobacco Smoke in the External Environment (69-100)
6 Assessing Exposures to Enviromental Tobacco Smoke Using Questionnaires (101-119)
7 Exposure-Dose Relationship for Environmental Tobacco Smoke (120-132)
8 Assessing Exposures to Environmental Tobacco Smoke Using Biological Markers (133-160)
Part III: Health Effects Possibly Associated with Exposure to Environmental Tobacco Smoke by Nonsmokers (161-162)
9 Introduction (163-165)
10 Sensory Reactions To and Irritation Effects of Environmental Tobacco Smoke (166-181)
11 Effects of Exposure to Environmental Tobacco Smoke on Lung Function and Respiratory Symptoms (182-222)
12 Exposure to Environmental Tobacco Smoke and Lung Cancer (223-249)
13 Cancers Other than Lung Cancer (250-256)
14 Cardiovascular System (257-268)
15 Other Health Considerations in Children (269-276)
Appendixes (277-278)
Appendix A: Guidelines for Public and Occupational Chemical Exposures to Materials that are Also Found in Environmental Tobacco Smoke (279-283)
Appendix B: Method of Combining Data From Studies of Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure and Lung Cancer (284-288)
Appendix C: Adjusments to Epidemiologic Estimates of Excess Lung Cancer in Persons Exposed to Environmental Tobacco Smoke (289-293)
Appendix D: Risk Assessment- Exposure to Environmental Tobacco Smoke and Lung Cancer (294-338)