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Environmental Tobacco Smoke: Measuring Exposures and Assessing Health Effects (1986)
Commission on Life Sciences (CLS)

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. "3 In Vivo and In Vitro Assays to Assess the Health Effects of Environmental Tobacco Smoke." Environmental Tobacco Smoke: Measuring Exposures and Assessing Health Effects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 1986.

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Environmental Tobacco Smoke: Measuring Exposures and Assessing Health Effects

Similar work with skin painting has not been done with ETS and would be of value for assessing the differential toxicity of ETS and MS.

  1. In vitro assays are needed for estimation of the tumor promotion and cocarcinogenic effect of ETS. In vitro tests are quicker than in vivo tests, and enough material can not be collected to do in vivo tests.

REFERENCES

Alarie, Y. Sensory irritation by airborne chemicals. CRC Crit. Rev. Toxicol. 2:299–363, 1973.


Basrur, P.K., S.McClure, and B.Zilkey. A comparison of short term bioassay results with carcinogenicity of experimental cigarettes, pp. 2041–2048. In H.E.Nieburgs, Ed. Prevention and Detection of Cancer, Vol. 1. New York: Marcel Dekker, 1977.

Bos, R.P., J.L.G.Theuws, and P.Th.Henderson. Excretion of mutagens in human urine after passive smoking. Cancer Lett. 19:85–90, 1983.

Brain, J.D., D.E.Kundson, S.P.Sorokin, and M.A.Davis. Pulmonary distribution of particles given by intratracheal instillation or by aerosol inhalation. Environ. Res. 11:13–33, 1976.


DeMarini, D.M. Mutagenicity of fractions of cigarette smoke condensate in Neurospora crassa and Salmonella typhimurium. Mutat. Res. 88:363–374, 1981.


Harris, R.J., G.Negroni, S.Ludgate, C.R.Pick, F.C.Chesterman, and B.J.Maidment. The incidence of lung tumours in c5761 mice exposed to cigarette smoke: Air mixtures for prolonged periods. Int. J. Cancer 14:130–136, 1974.


International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Monographs: Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Humans, Vol. 38, pp. 163–314. Tobacco Smoking. Lyons: IARC, 1986. 421 pp.


Leuchtenberger, C., and R.Leuchtenberger. Effects of chronic inhalation of whole fresh cigarette smoke and of its gas phase on pulmonary tumorigenesis in Snell’s mice, pp. 329–346. In P.Nettesheim, M.G. Hanna, Jr., and J.W.Deatherage, Jr., Eds. Morphology of Experimental Respiratory Carcinogenesis. Proceedings of a Biology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Conference, Gatlinburg, Tenn., May 13–16, 1970. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, 1970.

Lewtas, J., S.Goto, K.Williams, J.C.Chuang, B.A.Petersen, and N.K. Wilson. The mutagenecity of indoor air particles in a residential pilot field study. Atmos. Environ., in press.

Lofröth, G., L.Nilsson, and I.Alfheim. Passive smoking and urban air pollution: Salmonella/microsome mutagenicity assay of simultaneously collected indoor and outdoor particulate matter, pp. 515–525. In M.D. Waters, S.S.Sandhu, J.Lewtas, L.Claxton, N.Chernoff, and S.Nesnow, Eds. Short-Term Bioassays in the Analysis of Complex Environmental Mixtures. III. New York: Plenum, 1983.

Page
61
Front Matter (R1-R8)
Contents (R9-R14)
Executive Summary (1-12)
1 Introduction (13-22)
Part I: Physicochemical and Toxicological Studies of Environmental Tobacco Smoke (23-24)
2 The Physicochemical Nature of Sidestream Smoke and Environmental Tobacco Smoke (25-53)
3 In Vivo and In Vitro Assays to Assess the Health Effects of Environmental Tobacco Smoke (54-62)
Part II: Assessing Exosures to Environmental Tobacco Smoke (63-64)
4 Introduction (65-68)
5 Assessubg /Exposures to Environmental Tobacco Smoke in the External Environment (69-100)
6 Assessing Exposures to Enviromental Tobacco Smoke Using Questionnaires (101-119)
7 Exposure-Dose Relationship for Environmental Tobacco Smoke (120-132)
8 Assessing Exposures to Environmental Tobacco Smoke Using Biological Markers (133-160)
Part III: Health Effects Possibly Associated with Exposure to Environmental Tobacco Smoke by Nonsmokers (161-162)
9 Introduction (163-165)
10 Sensory Reactions To and Irritation Effects of Environmental Tobacco Smoke (166-181)
11 Effects of Exposure to Environmental Tobacco Smoke on Lung Function and Respiratory Symptoms (182-222)
12 Exposure to Environmental Tobacco Smoke and Lung Cancer (223-249)
13 Cancers Other than Lung Cancer (250-256)
14 Cardiovascular System (257-268)
15 Other Health Considerations in Children (269-276)
Appendixes (277-278)
Appendix A: Guidelines for Public and Occupational Chemical Exposures to Materials that are Also Found in Environmental Tobacco Smoke (279-283)
Appendix B: Method of Combining Data From Studies of Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure and Lung Cancer (284-288)
Appendix C: Adjusments to Epidemiologic Estimates of Excess Lung Cancer in Persons Exposed to Environmental Tobacco Smoke (289-293)
Appendix D: Risk Assessment- Exposure to Environmental Tobacco Smoke and Lung Cancer (294-338)