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NOTICE: This volume was produced as part of a project approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the expert committee were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance. This report has been reviewed by a group other than the authors according to procedures approved by the NRC and the Report Review Committee.
The National Academy of Sciences (NAS) is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society of distinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. Under the authority of the charter granted to it by Congress in 1863, the Academy has a working mandate that calls on it to advise the federal government on scientific and technical matters. Dr. Bruce M. Alberts is president of NAS.
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The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy's purposes of furthering knowledge and advising the federal government. Functioning in accordance with general policies determined by the Academy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in providing services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. The Council is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Bruce M. Alberts and Dr. William A. Wulf are chairman and vice chairman, respectively, of the National Research Council.
Financial Support: The development of this report was supported by the Carnegie Corporation of New York and the Kellogg Endowment Fund of the National Research Council. The Carnegie Corporation does not take responsibility for any statements or views expressed. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the view of the organizations that provided support for this project.
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Copyright 1999 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. This document may be reproduced solely for educational purposes without the written permission of the National Academy of Sciences.
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Policy Division Office of Special Projects
Committee On Harnessing Science and Technology for America's Economic Future
Dick Thornburgh (Co-chair), Counsel,
Kirkpatrick & Lockhart LLP, Washington. D.C.
William J. Spencer (Co-chair), Chairman,
SEMATECH, Austin, Texas
Dennis W. Archer, Mayor,
City of Detroit
Richard C. Atkinson, President,
University of California System, Oakland
Dorothy Baunach, Deputy Director,
Cleveland Tomorrow
Charles M. Geschke, President,
Adobe Systems, San Jose, California
Mary L. Good, Managing Member,
Venture Capital, Little Rock, Arkansas
Phillip A. Griffiths, Director,
Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, New Jersey
Harold Shapiro, President,
Princeton University
John F. Shoch, General Partner,
Asset Management Associates, Palo Alto, California
H. Guyford Stever, President Emeritus,
Carnegie-Mellon University, Gaithersburg, Maryland
Principal Project Staff
Deborah Stine, Director,
Office of Special Projects
Thomas Arrison, Study Director
Carrie Langner, Research Assistant (until August 1998)
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ACKNOWLEDGMENT
This report has been reviewed by persons chosen for their diverse perspectives and technical expertise in accordance with procedures approved by the National Research Council's Report Review Committee. The purposes of this independent review are to provide candid and critical comments that will assist the institution in making the published report as sound as possible and to ensure that the report meets institutional standards of objectivity, evidence, and responsiveness to the study charge. The review comments and draft manuscript remain confidential to protect the integrity of the deliberative process. We wish to thank the following individuals for their participation in the review of this report: Elizabeth Baldwin, Optical Society of America; Christopher Coburn, Battelle Memorial Institute; Paul E. Gray, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Dean Kamen, DEKA Research and Development Corp.; Robert C. Lanphier III, AGMED Inc.; John S. Mayo, Bell Laboratories, Lucent Technologies, retired; and Morris Tanenbaum, AT&T, retired.
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Part II: |
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Keynote Address |
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Keynote Address |
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Technological Advance and Economic Growth |
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Sustaining American Innovation: Where Will Technology Come From? |
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The Global Environment of U.S. Science and Technology Policies |
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The U.S. Environment for Venture Capital and Technology-Based Start-Ups |
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The U.S. Environment for Venture Capital and Technology-Based Start-Ups |
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The Education Challenge |
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Meeting the Education Challenge |
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The Northeast Ohio Experience |
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