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The following HTML text is provided to enhance online readability. Many aspects of typography translate only awkwardly to HTML. Please use the page image as the authoritative form to ensure accuracy. 
Figure 1-3 Comparison of actual (dotted lines) and meteorologically adjusted (solid lines) ozone trends in 1-hr and 8-hr 99th percentile ozone concentrations for the period of 1986-1997 across 41 metropolitan areas. Source: Adapted from EPA 1998. and lead to widespread nonattainment in rural as well as urban areas of the eastern United States (Wolff 1996; Chameides et al. 1997). With the persistence of the ozone-pollution problem comes the need to develop new and innovative approaches to lowering ozone-precursor emissions. The federal RFG program is but one example of a new approach that is being promulgated to address this need. In the formulation and testing of various blends of RFG, it became apparent that these blends could affect motor-vehicle emissions in various and subtle ways (AQIRP 1990; OTA 1990). In addition to affecting the total mass of VOC emissions, different RFGs could have different effects on the amounts of NOx and CO emitted by motor vehicles. They
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