. "Appendix F: The Demographics of Ground-based Solar Research." Ground-Based Solar Research: An Assessment and Strategy for the Future. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 1998.
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GROUND-BASED SOLAR RESEARCH: AN ASSESSMENT AND STRATEGY FOR THE FUTURE
Appendix F
The Demographics of Ground-based Solar Research
At the end of 1997, the Solar Physics Division (SPD) had 379 full members, 51 student members, and 74 affiliate members. (Affiliate members belong to the SPD, but not the American Astronomical Society (AAS); total AAS membership in 1998 was approximately 6,500.) Some full and affiliate SPD members are not U.S. citizens or residents; it is estimated that there are approximately 30 foreign members.
Using members' addresses, the SPD provided a rough breakdown of members' work locations. The categories are shown below; note that “Home/Unknown” likely reflects retirees or students, but in some cases might be people who belong in one of the other categories. Also note that some members of the solar community who are not SPD members, especially students, are likely underrepresented; therefore, these totals should be taken as lower limits.
College or University 220
Government Laboratory 181
Private Institution 40
Home/Unknown 71
Total512
The breakdown into Student and Nonstudent is:
Nonstudents: 442
Students: 70
A breakdown from the SPD list by university is shown below. The total number of students listed is less than the total above because some of the students entered their home address, or an affiliation with a laboratory, and so were not included in this university-only list. The number reported above (70) is thought to be more accurate. The SPD list is known to undercount students. For example, at a time when the New Jersey Institute of Technology had eight graduate students associated with the Big Bear Solar Observatory and the Owens Valley Radio Observatory, only one was listed as a member.
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GROUND-BASED SOLAR RESEARCH: AN ASSESSMENT AND STRATEGY FOR THE FUTURE
Appendix F
The Demographics of Ground-based Solar Research
At the end of 1997, the Solar Physics Division (SPD) had 379 full members, 51 student members, and 74 affiliate members. (Affiliate members belong to the SPD, but not the American Astronomical Society (AAS); total AAS membership in 1998 was approximately 6,500.) Some full and affiliate SPD members are not U.S. citizens or residents; it is estimated that there are approximately 30 foreign members.
Using members' addresses, the SPD provided a rough breakdown of members' work locations. The categories are shown below; note that “Home/Unknown” likely reflects retirees or students, but in some cases might be people who belong in one of the other categories. Also note that some members of the solar community who are not SPD members, especially students, are likely underrepresented; therefore, these totals should be taken as lower limits.
College or University 220
Government Laboratory 181
Private Institution 40
Home/Unknown 71
Total 512
The breakdown into Student and Nonstudent is:
Nonstudents: 442
Students: 70
A breakdown from the SPD list by university is shown below. The total number of students listed is less than the total above because some of the students entered their home address, or an affiliation with a laboratory, and so were not included in this university-only list. The number reported above (70) is thought to be more accurate. The SPD list is known to undercount students. For example, at a time when the New Jersey Institute of Technology had eight graduate students associated with the Big Bear Solar Observatory and the Owens Valley Radio Observatory, only one was listed as a member.
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GROUND-BASED SOLAR RESEARCH: AN ASSESSMENT AND STRATEGY FOR THE FUTURE
Universities
Members
Students
The University of Calgary
2
0
University of Alaska
1
0
Auburn University
1
0
Birmingham-Southern College
1
0
The University of Alabama at Huntsville
5
1
The University of Arizona
1
0
University of California, Berkeley
9
4
California State University Domingue
1
0
University of California, Irvine
2
0
University of California, San Diego
3
1
University of California, Los Angeles
2
1
California State University, Northridge
3
0
California Institute of Technology
6
2
Stanford University
12
0
Chiba University, Japan
1
0
University of Colorado
11
2
Yale University
2
2
University of Delaware
3
0
The University of St. Andrews
1
0
Florida Institute of Technology
1
1
Oglethorpe University
1
1
Kennesaw State College
1
0
University of Hawaii
4
0
University of Iowa
2
0
University of Chicago
3
1
University of Illinois
1
0
University of Kansas
1
1
Harvard-Smithsonian
26
6
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
1
1
Tufts University
2
0
Smith College
1
0
Williams College
1
0
University of Maryland
11
2
Johns Hopkins University
3
1
University of Michigan
1
0
Michigan State University
6
3
Montana State University
9
5
University of Nebraska
2
0
The University of New Brunswick
1
0
University of New Hampshire
10
4
New Jersey Institute of Technology
4
1
Princeton University
2
1
The University of New Mexico
1
0
University of Sydney
2
0
Cornell University
3
2
Columbia University
2
1
University of Rochester
4
3
Cleveland
1
0
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GROUND-BASED SOLAR RESEARCH: AN ASSESSMENT AND STRATEGY FOR THE FUTURE
Oberlin College
1
0
Lewis and Clark College
1
0
Edinboro University
1
0
Temple University
1
1
University of Pennsylvania
1
0
Pennsylvania State University
2
0
Tongmyong University of Information
1
0
College of Charleston
1
0
University College London
1
0
University of Tasmania
1
0
Rhodes College
1
0
University of Memphis
1
0
The University of the South
1
0
The University of Texas at Austin
2
1
University of North Texas
1
0
University of Texas at El Paso
1
1
Prairie View A&M University
1
0
University of Virginia
1
1
Middlebury College
1
0
Norwich University
1
0
The Evergreen State College
1
0
Whitman College
1
0
University of Wisconsin
2
1
Sterrekundig Instituut
1
0
Center for Plasma Astrophysics
1
1
University of Birmingham
1
0
University of Oslo
1
0
Cambridge University
1
0
ETH Zentrum
2
0
Aarhus University
1
1
Universitat de les Illes Balears
1
0
University of Ioannina
1
0
Indian Institute of Astrophysics
1
0
Imperial College
1
0
Moscow State University
1
0
University of Central Lancashire
1
0
University of Tokyo
2
0
University of Torino
2
1
University of Tsukuba
1
0
Total
219
55
Another indication of where most solar research within academia is occurring is given by counting papers presented at the 1998 AGU/SPD meeting in Boston, Massachusetts. Although the counts are not very accurate, SPD head Steven Kahler, who performed the work, believes that they should include all universities with sizable solar research groups. Kahler did not count papers he considered interplanetary research, which therefore discriminated against institutions such as Massachusetts Institute of Technology and California Institute of Technology. Further, students represented only a small fraction of the authors on the abstracts counted.
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GROUND-BASED SOLAR RESEARCH: AN ASSESSMENT AND STRATEGY FOR THE FUTURE
Institution
Citations
Stanford University
33
Harvard Smithsonian
21
University of Maryland
15
University of Colorado
15
Montana State University
14
New Jersey Institute of Technology
13
University of California, Berkeley
11
University of New Hampshire
8
University of Alabama at Huntsville
4
University of Hawaii
4
California State University, Northridge
4
Complicating the counting in the list above is that institutes attached to or associated with universities may or may not have much to do with students and their education. At the University of Colorado, for example, students might be working at the Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, the Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, or the nearby High Altitude Observatory. Other examples include Stanford University, which may have students working at Lockheed Martin's institute or the Johns Hopkins University, which operates the Applied Physics Laboratory.
