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2 ***** YCTaHOB~eHHe 6a3bI,~5i,10~rOCpO~HOrO COTpy,ZlH^eCTBa B HacToHIueH r~aBe HpUBO,1HTCH OHUCaHHe ~eRTe~BHOCTH KOM~TeTa B Deploy t~HaHcosoro 1997 rota no co3~aH~o 6a3bI ~ ~o~rocpo~Horo coTpy~Hn~ecTsa c Mace yYeHbIX B 06RaCTH 060poHM, pa60Ta~MX B HaDpaBReHMM OHaCHb1X HaTOreHOB. ~p~BO~HTCH 06Cy~eHHe HOH~MaHMS, ~OCTHrHyTOrO B woe KOHCy~BTaUMM C 60~bW~M H~CROM pOCCH~CKHX CIleUHa~HCTOB, ~ ypOKOB, H3BReHeHHBIX HpH opraH~3aUn~ WeCTH 3KCHep~MeHTa~BHbIX HpOeKTOB Ha ABE BeDy~MX pOCCH~CKHX 06~eKTaX. 3aTeM, ~ BMHO~HeHM~ Knee rpaH~03HbIX HpOrpaMM, OCHOBaHHbIX Ha HORy~eHHOM Ha CerO~HHWHHM ~eHB yCHeWHOM onuTe, ~pe~araeTc~ o6ma~a cxeMa non ~ uporpaMM~I. BACKHOE 3HAHEHTIE POCCIIlICKOrO YqACTTI51 B COBMECTHOM ~AHlIPOBAHlIlI Ha upoT~eHnn ocean 1996 rota ~ secHbI 1997 rota KOM~TeT HpOBO~B Ha TeppIITOpilM Poccnn per pa6oT no OUeHKe B03MO*HOCTeH ~H HpOBe~eHMR ~ORrOCpOYHOH HpOrpaMMM COTpy~HHHeCTBa Me~y aMep~KaHCK~MM ~ pOCCH~CK~MM CHeUHa~HCTaMM, 06Ra~a~HMM CHe~Ha~bHbIMM 3HaHH~MM B 06~aCTH 3~eMHO~OrHM, HpOtHRaKT~K~, DMarHOCT~KH ~ ~eHeHHR 3a60ReBaHHM, CBH3aHHb~ C OHaCHbIMM HaTOreHaMH. 9TH pa60TbI MMe~H oco60 Ba*HOe 3HaHeHHe ,~ IlepBOHaHa~bHOH OUeHKH pe3y~bTaTOB, KOTOpbIe MO*HO O)KIIDaTb OT TaKOrO COTpy~HMMeCTBa, a TaK*e Tpy~HOCTeH ~ 3aTpaT no yCTaHOmeHHm COOTBeTCTByK)IU~X Mep. KOM~TeT y~e~ oco60e BH~MaHHe yHaCTH~ pOCCH~CKHX CHeUMa~HCTOB, KOTOphIe paHee yYaCTBOBaRM B 6bIB~eH COBeTCKOH HpOrpaMMe H0 6HoRornMecKoMy BOOpy~CeHHIO. , - Hp~B~eHeHMR pOCCH~CKHX CHe0HaRMCTOB Ha CaMOH paHHeH CTaDHM pa3pa60TKH peKOMeH~aUHM B OTHOWeHHM COBMeCTHOH HpOrpaMMbI 6b~H MCHO~b30BaHbI ~Ba s3a~Mo~orIoJIHn~o~ux rIo~xo~a: . ~b~H UpOBe~eHbI KOHCy~bTa~H C p~OM pOCCH~C~X O+~Ha~bHbIX RH~, MpeKTOpOB Hay~HO-HCCRe~OBaTe~bCKHX MHCTHTyTOB ~ y~eHHbIMM MCCRe~OBaTe=MH. ~HTepeCyeMbIe BOUpOCbI BKR~HaHH: o6~H XapaKTep ~ORrOCpO~HOH COBMeCTHOH HpOrpaMMbI, Ha~He CHe0HaRMCTOB ~ 06~eKTOB ~ BbIHO~HeHHR HpOrpaMMbI ~ BepORTHbIe pe3y~bTaTbI COTpy~HM~eCTBa. Ba*HaH Ue~b KOHCy~bTaUHM COCTO~a B 06eCHeHeHHM rapaHTHM aBTOp~TeTHOCTH HpO~e~aHHbIX KOM~TeTOM OUeHOK TeXHHHeCKOH 6a3bI ~ COTpy~HM~eCTB peaJInCTn~HOCTn IIpeWIaraeMbIX MepOnpn~Tu~i. KpOMe TOrO, TaK KaK IIO~ep*Ka p~a pOCCH~CKHX OpraHH3aUHM 6y~eT Cy~eCTBeHHbIM aCHeKTOM H0~06HoH ~O~rOCpO~HOH COBMeCTHOH HpOrpaMMbI, Hp~BReHeHMe pOCCH~C~X ~O~HOCTHbIX RHU ~ cHeuManucToB y~e Ha STaHaX H~aH~pOBaHHR 6bm0 3a~yMaHO B ue~x HpH~aHHn pOCCH~CK~M CHeUMaRMCTaM MCTHHHOrO Dyxa HapTHepCKHX OTHOmeHMM HpH pa3pa6oTKe rIpOrpaMMbI. 2. ~b~H OpraHH30BaHb! 3KCHepUMeHTa~bHbIe HpOeKTbI Ha ~ByX pOCCH~CKHX 06~eKTaX. 3TH WeCTb HpOeKTOB Hpe0OCTaB=~T OUbIT H0 HpaKTHHeCK~M aCHeKTaM HpOBe~eHMR COBMeCTHbIX rIpOeKTOB, rIpe'~rIoJIaralo~nx IIpOBeDeHHe 6oJIbIlIeH 'IaCTH HayqHO MCC~e~OBaTeRbCKOH pa60TbI Ha Tepp~TOpHM PoccHM (CM. Bpe3Ky E-! ~ Hpmo~eHne J). B TO ~e BpeMB, OHM Hp~HOCHT pe3y~bTaTbI, KOTOpbIe CaMM H0 ce6e MMe~T B~Hoe 3HaHeHMe. KpOMe TOrO, OHlI ~eRa~T CBOeBpeMeHHbIM BKRa~ Ha ypOBHe HeHOCpe~CTBeHHOrO B3aHMO~eNCTBMR Me~y ~eHbIMM B DeRo o6ecHeHeHHn noH~MaHHn B OTHO~eHHM v B03MO*HOCTeII 3T~X DByX CTpaH HpOBO~HTb Ha~HbIe MCCRe~OBaHHN B 06RaCTH OHaCHbIX . HaTOreHOB - HOH~MaHH~, KOTOpOe HMeeT peWa~ee 3HaHeHHe ~ CTa6~RBHOrO BbIHORHeHHR 06IIIIlpHOlI ~ORrOCpO~HOM HpOPpaMMbI COTpy~HM~eCTBa. HaKOHeU' tHHaHCHpOBaHMe M~H~CTepCTBOM 060pOHbI C~ 3KCHep~MeHTaRbHbIX HpOeKTOB, peKOMeH8OBaHHbIX 29
KOM~TeTOB, HOMOr~O y6eD~Tb pOCCHUCKHX Kosher, YTO HpeDUpH~THe KOMUTeTa RBRHeTCH CepbeSH~M HaM~HaHHeM C CH~bHOH HO=ep*KOH CO CTOpOHM HpaB~Te~bCTBa CWA, a, TeM CaMBIM, CTlIMyRMpyR AX aKTHBHOe y~aCTHe B HRaH~pOBaHMM ~ORrOCpOMHOM HpOrpaMMM. IIocpe,qcTsoM 3Toro ,qso~iHoro napame~Horo IIo,rxo,~a KoMuTeT 6nCTpo IIp~sJIeK per Ba)KHb1X pOCCH~CKHX OtHUMaREHb[X ~U ~ y~eHb1X B 06RaCTH 060poHM K CBOeH pa60Te. II~AHUPOBAHHE CT~bHOrO COTPY~H~ECTBA HA SHOE BPE~ ~pH COCTaB~eHHM peKOMeHDaUMM B OTHOWeHMM DO~rOCpO~HOrO COTpy~HHHeCTBa 66~H lICIIORB30BaHM KOHCy~bTaUHM C pOCCH~CK~MM KO=eraMM Ha pax MeCT. ~eB~TB aMepilKaHCKlIX II IlIeCTHa,QUaTh pOCCH~CKHX CHeUH~HCTOB Hp~H=H yqaCTHM B 3aCeDaHHM Kpyr~OrO CTO~a , OpraHM30BaHHOrO 6HOUpeHapaTOM B ampere 1997 rosa B MOCKOBCKOM r~p~ropo he HeTposo-p;anBHee B Sex paccMoTpeHn~ often OCHOBM ,D;= COTpy~H~HeCTBa. CHeUHa~MCTM H3 ~HOUpeHapaTa ~ MeD~UHHCKOrO HayqHO-HCCRe~OBaTenbCKOrO MHCTHTyTa MH+eKUMOHHbIX 3a60JIeBaHMII APMHM CIIIA BCTPeTHJIMCB C HaYYH~MM COTPY~H~KaMM, SaH~Ma~MM~CH MCCReDOBaHM~MM B HaDpaBReHMM 06~eCTBeHHOrO 3DpaBOOXpaHeHH~, HpOqHMM cneU~anucTaM~ =H o6cy~eH~n opraHn3aU~oHHux paMOK, tHHaHCOBb1X aCHeKTOB, TeXH~YeCKHX n3MepeHn~ ~ TeM MCC~e~OBaHH~ ~ COBMeCTHOM HpOrpaMMbl. COBMeCTHMM KpaTKHM OTqeT 3aKn~qeHHM HO STOMy 3aCeDaHM~ Hp~Be~eH B ~p~RO*eHMM *. 06Cy~eHHR 66mH HpODO~KeHM Ha MeHee Kpyr1HOM HOCneDyX)lUeM SaCeDaHHM, KOTOpOe 6-hIno OpraHU30BaHO KOM~TeTOM HaUMOHaR-hHOU aKaDeMUU HayK B -u-mHe 1997 roDa B MOCkBe. Ha HeM HpucyTcTBoBanH Hpe,lcTaBUTenH "[iHonpenapaTa" -u- ,~HpeKTopa ero HecKonbKHx Be'Qy~-u-x Hay~Ho-uccne'~oBaTenbcKHx UHCTHTyToB. Ha 3TOM 3aCeDaHUU 6bInU 60~ee TO~HO 06DUCOBaHh! HanDaBneHuH 6vnv~ux nnoeKToR U nOnYonhT K CORM~CTHO~ HRaHUpOBaHU~ ~ pa3pa00TKe KOHKpeTHh~ MepOUpURTUH B paMKaX HpOeKTOB. B 3TO BpeMR "~HOUpeHapaT ' OCBe~OM~ KOMUTeT O HpOBODUMOH UM opraHH3au-u--u- pOCCHUCKOU pa60Heu [pyHUhI, KOTOpaH 6y~eT ~B=TbCH KOHTaKTH-hIM 3BeHOM ~ 6y~y~Mx o6cy~eHHM ~syxcTopoHHero coTpy~Hn~ecTsa. Bo Bpe3Ke 2- ~ up~se~eH CH~COK OpraHM3aUHM, HpHr~aWeHHbIX ~ yHaCTHR B KaHeCTBe ~eHOB rpyHUbl. Ec~n sce upurnameHHbIe ~eHb! pa60HeH rp~Hb! peWaT yHaCTBOBaTb B pa6oTe rpynnu, rpynna 6y~eT MMeTh OTRH~HMM COCTaB ,];JI~ 3TOM uenH. Bpe3Ka 2-1 C~e~om~e opraHM3a~ 6~ IIp~r~ameHb! ``liMorlpenapaToM" ,~ topMBpoBaHm pa60qeM rpymm ,~ 6y,~nx o6cy~eH~ ~ByxcTopoHHero coTpy~qecTBa: "~nor~peIIapaT" ~pe3~eHTCKHM KOM~TeT n0 KOHBeHUMOHHbIM upo6~eMaM X~MM~eCKOrO ~ 6no~orn~ecKoro opy~cHn M~H~CTepCTBO 060pOHb! M~H~CTepCTBO 3DpaBOOXpaHeHHR M~H~CTepCTBO HayKH ~ TeXHO~OrMM Poccn~cKan aKa~eMun HayK poccH~cKan aKa~qeMun Me~UUMHCKHX HayK OT~e~bHbIe ~pur~ameHHbIe UHCTUTyTbI B=IOHa~T H~ec~e~ymmne: . . Focy~apcTseHHb~u HawHbIu ueHTo suPYCoJIornu u 6uoTexHoJIornu ' BEKTOP (Ko~buoso) ~ . , [OCy~apCTBeHHbIU Hay~HbI~ HeHTp HpU=a~HOU MUKpO6UOROrUU (060ReHCK) ~HCTUTyT UH*eHepHOU UMMyHO~OrUU (~6yHaHbI) [OCy~apCTBeHHbIM Hay~HO-UCCRe~OBaTeRbCKUH UHCTUTyT 6uo~oru~ecKoro HpU60pOCTpOeHUR (MOCKBa) Hay~HO-UCCRe~OBaTe~bCKUU HpOTUBO~yMHbI~ UHCTUTyT "MUKPO6 (CaPaTOB) ~eHTpa~bHbIU HayYHO-UCCRe~OBaTeRbCKUU UHCTUTyT 3HU4eMUOROrUU (MOCKBa) 3AME~IAHIIE: OtU~UaRbHbIe Ru~a "5UOUpeHapaTa" yKa3a~U, HTO upyrue opraHu3aunu 6y~yT 3aDeUCTBOBaHb! COOTBeTCTBy~UM 06pa30M. 30
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. MOCKBe, HpO6ReMbI C TaMO*HeM ~ HaROrM, B3MMaeMMe Ha MeCTHOM ypOBHe. B TO Me BpeMS, HepeCb~Ka Ha 3arpaHHUM 060pyD0BaHH~, BCHOMOraTeRbH~X MaTepHa~OB ~ 06pa3UoB B Ha~HO-HCCRe~OBaTe~BCKHe MHCTHTyTM B PoccHM, Dame Hepe3 KaHaRM MHT0, 6y~eT IIpO6~eMaTH~HOM. XOTH y IBEX MHCTHTyTOB HMe~TCH Stable CBH3H C MHCTHTyTaMM M~H~CTepCTBa 060pOHBI PoccHM ~ MHCTHTyTaMM ~ HpOH~MM OpraHM3aUH~MM B rpa~aHCKOM CeKTOpe, OHM pe~KO upe~aramT HpOeKTBI C yHaCTHeM pa3HBIX MHCTHTyTOB ~n MHOCTpaHHOrO tHHaHCHpOBaHHR, TaK KaK 3TO OCRO*HReTCH DOHOnH~Te~BHbIMM aDM~H~CTpaTHBHbIMM rIpo6neMaMM. B YaCTHOCTH, M~H~CTepCTBO 060pOHbI PoccHM ewe He yHaCTBOBa~O B HpOeKTaX Hay~Hb1X MCCRe~OBaHHM, HpH KOTOpE1X 6bI Tpe60Ba~OCB HpeDOCTaB~eHHe MHOCTpaHHbIM COTpy~H~KaM DOCTyHa B HayqHO-HCCRe~OBaTe~bCKHe Ra60paTOpHM Ha BOeHHb1X 06~eKTaX. n0 Mepe BLIHORHeHMB SKCHep~MeHTa~BHb1X HpOeKTOB, HeCOMHeHHO 6y~eT rIpHo6peTeHo noH~MaHHe ~ ,Qpyr~x MOMeHTOB. ~HqHbIM OHbIT pa60ThI aMep~KaHCKHX ~ pOCClIlICKIIX COTpy~H~KOB 6y~eT Hpe~CTaB~HTB OC06bIM MHTepeC KaK B OTHOWeHHM HpHeMa KO~er, TaK ~ B OTHOWeHHM pa60TbI B ~a60paTOpHbIX yCROBM~X ST~X KO~er. IIPlIHLlEIIIE~I PYKOBO,D;CTBA p;BYXCTOPOHHlIM COTPY,D;H]I~ECTBOM OnMpanch Ha KOHCyRETaUMM KOM~TeTa C pOCCH~CK~MM KO=eraMM ~ ODbIT, HO~y~eHHbIM B xo~e 3KCHep~MeHT~bHbIX HpOeKTOB, 6b~H pa3pa60TaHbI TpH BCeO6~eM~MX IIp~HUHDa ~ pyKOBODCTBa 6y~y~eM ~ByXCTOpOHHeM ~eRTeRbHOCTH B HaDpaB~eHHM OHaCHbIX HaTOreHOB. 3TH Hp~HUHUbI TaK*e Ka~yTCH yMeCTHbIMM ~ =H Dpyr~x coBMecTHbIx HporpaMM' B KOTOpbIX yHaCTBy~T CHeUHaRMCThI H3 6bIB~erO COBeTCKOrO KOMHReKCa 6~0~0rHHeCKOrO BOOpy)KeHlIH. ~MpOKOe HpH3HaHMe 3T~X Hp~HUHHOB COKpaTHT HyTaHHUY B BaW~HrTOHe ~ MOCKBe B OTHOIIIeHlIM HO~XODOB, KOTOpbIe yMeCTHbI B 3TOH Ba*HOH 06RaCTH, Tpe6y~eM COOTBeTCTBylO~erO o6pameHnn, ~ HOMO*eT obecne~nTb B3aHMHO ycn~nsam~e ~e~CTBMe HO0XO~OB, MCHO~b3yeMbIX B pa3HbIX HpOrpaMMaX. 1. IlpoeKTbI ~OR*HbI 6bITb coBMecTHbIMM HpH pa3pa6oTKe ~ HpoBe'~eHHM: · ~On*HbI Hpe~Hp~HUMaTbCH TORbKO Te HpOeKTbI, KOTOpbIe Hpe~CTaBnHIOT MHTepeC ~ CHeUHaRMCTOB B o6eUx cTpaHax. ~ng no~ep~aHnn scex upe~araeMbIx MepOUpHSTHM He MMeeTCH ~eHe*HbIX CpeDCTB B DOCTaTO~HOM KOn~YeCTBe, ~ Ba*HbIM KpuTepneM oT6opa rIpoeKTos ns~neTcn yposeHb r~o~ep*Ku cpe,~u cneu~an~cTos B o6eux CTpaHaX B oTHoIlIeHHn nIpoBe'~eHHn rIpe~araeMbIx MeporIpH~THIi. Mepo~i aToro nHTepeca RBnHeTCH CTeHeHb COTpy~H~YeCTBa, HpeDyCMOTpeHHaH B uen~x sbIno~HeHnn upoeKTa. Bce HpOeKTbI ~O~HbI HpOBO~HTbCH Ha 6a3e COTpy,QH~YeCTBa, a He nOMO~H, rIpH 3TOM Ka~aH CTOpOHa IIpuBHOCHT CBOM MHTenneKTyanbHbIM, tHHaHCOBbIli ~ HaTypaJIbHbIn BKna~. BbIHOJIHeHHe HpOeKTOB, KOTOpbIe pa3pa6oTaHbI B KaYeCTBe YaCTH MepOUpH~THM H0 oKa3aHMIo MHOCTpaHHOH rIoMoIuH, HnH KOTOpbIe BOCrIp~H~MalOTCH KaK TaKOBbIe, Morno 6bI Hp~BeCTH K He~opa3yMeHH~M' KoTopbIe orpaHHH~BamT nonuTHMecKym no~ep*Ky H0~06HbIX MeponpH~THH. ~onee Toro' o6e cTpaHbI MoryT OKa3aTb 60nbW0H BKRaD, ~ XOTH B HaCTOH~ee BpeMR pOCCHuCKHIi BKRa'l Mo'KeT HOCHTb B OCHOBHOM MHTeRneKTya~bHbIM XapaKTep, 3TOT MHTen~eKTyaJIbHbIli pecypc rapaHTHpyeT MapKy COTpy,QHHHeCTBa rIo HpOeKTaM. BCH COOTBeTCTBylO~aR KJIMeHTypa B o6e~x cTpaHax ~o~Ha HMeTb B03MO*HOCTb 06paTHTbCH C 3aRBKOH Ha yHaCTHe B HpOrpaMMe. ~ByXCTOpOHHMe HpOrpaMMbI H~KOr~a He 6y~yT DOCTaTO~HO Kpyr1HbIMM ~nH BKnIOMeHHn BCeX 3aNHTepeCOBaHHbIX ~ Ba*HbIX aMep~KaHCKHX ~ pOCCH~CKHX CHeUMaJIMCTOB. O~HaKO, OT0eRbHMe MepOUpH~THR DO~HbI 6bITb KaK MO*HO 60Ree 06~eMnIO~MMM, ~ KOHKypC Ha HOn~eHMe tHHaHCOBOM HO~ep*KH ~OR*eH 6bITb OTKpbIT,~ISI BCeX KOMDeTeHTHbIX CHeQ~aRMCTOB. 2. ~pOeKTbI DO~HbI COCTaBRNTbCH ~ HpOBOD~TbCH TaK~M 06pa30M, HpH KOTOpOM IIpe~yCMaTp~BaeTCH MaKCHMaRbHaH TpaHCHapeHTHOCTb. · MepOIlpIl~TH~ AOJI*HbI HpOBO~HTbCH B aTMOCtepe OTKpbITOCTH. CB060DHbIM 06MeH MHtOpMaUMeH Me~y ~aCTH~KaMM COBMeCTHOM ~eRTeRbHOCTH HMeeT UeHTpa~bHOe 3HaHeHMe ~ DOCTH*eHHS HayYHbIX UeneH ~ UeReH HaUMOHaRbHOH 6e30HaCHoCTH. 37
TpaHCHapeHTHOCTb HaH~HaeTCH Ha ypOBHe HpOeKTa ~ Gotcha 6MTb OCHOBaHa Ha 066~Hb1X ~ CTa6~RBH~X KOHTaKTaX Meanly aMep~KaHCK~MM MCCReDOBaTeR~MM ~ MX pOCCH~CK~MM KOnJIeraMM, a TaK;Ke Ha pery~HpHux IlocemeHM~x o6~eKToB' rue HpOBOD~TCH Hay~HOe MCC~e~OBaHHe. B STOM CBH3H, MHTU Pa3Pa60TaR PYKOBO~CTBO Ho DOCTY~Y Ha 06~eKTM Ha YPOBHe DIPOeKTa (BPe3Ka 1-2~. XOTH 3TO pyKOBODCTBO HOCHT OrpaHM~eHHMM XapaKTep, OHM Hpe~CTaB=~T XOpOWylO MCXO~Hy~ 6a3y =H COTpy~HHHeCTBa. Co BpeMeHeM, 60Ree ~MpOKOe HOH~THe TpaHCHapeHTHOCTH, OH~CaHHOe B rRaBe l, PONCHO BK~HaTB 60Ree ~HpOKHM '1HaIla3oH llcc3Ie,QoBaTe~BcKoM 'ReRTe~BHocTH Ha ypOBHe MHCTHTyTa. ,0;O~HO 6bITb IIO,~HepKHyTO 3HaHeHHe Hp~MbIX KOHTaKTOB Me~y cHeuHanucTaMH. np~H~MaH BO BHuMaHMe oco6ylo 3HaH~MOCTb TeMbI, otHuHaRbHMe rIpaBuTeRbCTBeHHbIe RHua B o6eux CTpaHaX ,lOn*HbI yHaCTBOBaTb B pa3pa6oTKe ~ yTBep~eHHM ~poeKTos. O~HaKo, nocne TOrO, KaK HpOrpaMMa HpODeMOHCTp~pOBa~a, YTO ee pyKoso~cTso 6y,QyT ocyluecTB~TbcH CO BCeM OTBeTCTBeHHOCTblO, HpaB~Te~bCTBa ,QO=CHM CBeCTH CBOe sMemaTe~bcTso ~o M~HuMyMa. Kopo~e rosopH, OHM ,QO~HbI CTHMy~HpOBaTb OTBeTCTBeHHOe COTpy0HHHeCTBO, ~ HpH 3TOM Hpe~OCTaBR~Tb COTpy~HH~alOW~M y~eHbIM MaKCHMyM CB060DbI oc~e yCTaHOB]IeHHR OCHOBHbIX HpaBMR B OTHOmeHHn COTpy~HHHeCTBa. · UeHTpa~bHbIM KOOp,lHHaUMOHHbIM HyHKT B HpaBuTeRbCTBe Ka=OM CTpaHbI DOR*eH H3Be~aTbCH O HRaH~pyeMOH COBMeCTHOH ~e~TeRbHOCTH. ~p~HUMaB BO BH~MaHMe so3pacTalo~ee KoJInllecTBo ,QByXCTOpOHHuX MepOIlpH~THM, Ba*HO, HT06bI UeHTpaJIbHbIe y~pasReHHn o6Ra,QaRH nocRe,JHeH MHtopMauMeH' Kacalo~e~cH n0,~06Hb1X MeporipH~THn. TaK KaK O,QHn ~ Te ~e ylIeHbIe MoryT yHaCTBOBaTb B IlpOeKTaX, rIpoBo~HMbIx rIo'l 3rM~0H pa3HbIX COBMeCTHbIX HpOrpaMM, rIo'Ro6HaH perMcTpauMB 6y'1eT KpanHe IIoJIe3Ha B cJIyHae, ecJIn OHa BKnIOHaeT BClO COBMeCTHylO ,Qe~Te~bHOCTb C yHacTHeM yUeHbIX B o6RacTH 060pOHbI. 3. Pe3y~bTaTbI COBMeCTHbIX ripOeKTOB ,lO~KHbI 6bITb paCHpOCTpaHeHbI cpe,1H KaK MO*HO 60~ee W~pOKOH 3a~HTepeCOBaHHOH ayD~TOpHM. ~pH B03MO*HOCTH pe3y~bTaTbI MCC~eDOBaHHM ~O~*HbI OHepaTHBHO ODy6~HKOBbIBaTbCH H~H DOBO~HTbCH ~0 CBe~eHH~ Me~yHapO~HOH ayD~TOpHM HOCpeDCTBOM Dpyr~x KaHaROB. Ba*HbIM aCHeKTOM Me~yHapODHOM HayKH RB=eTCH 06MeH pe3y~bTaTaMM HpOeKTOB. OHepaTHBHOe ~ W~pOKOe paCHpOCTpaHeHMe pe3y~bTaTOB ~O~HO OKa3bIBaTb HO~e3HOe ~e~CTBMe H0 CTHMy~MpOBaHM~ B3aMMHOrO 06MeHa MHtOpMaUMeH, HTO HOMOraeT H36e~aTb HeHy*HOrO ~y6~MpOBaHM~ MCC~eDOBaTe~bCKOH ~eNTeRbHOCTH HpH O~HOBpeMeHHOM paCIIIMpeHHM TpaHCIIapeHTHOCTH. · ~HTe~eKTyaRbHaH C06CTBeHHOCTb ~ Tpe6y~He oco60ro 06pa~eHHR pe3y~bTaTb! DOR*HbI 6bITb 3alUM~eHbI. HeCMOTpS Ha ~e~aTeRbHOCTb ~HpOKOrO paCHpOCTpaHeHnH pe3y~bTaTOB MCCRe,QOBaHHn, yUeHbIe' pa6oTaIo~He B o6nacTH OnaCHbIX HaTOreHOB, o6Ra,Qalo~Mx nOTeHUManbHOH B03MO*HOCTblO Mx McHo~b3oBaHHR B 6Ho~orHHecKoM opy*~, HecyT oco6ylo OTBeTCTBeHHOCTb 3a rapaHTHIO TOrO, UTO, B COOTBeTCTBHM C KOHBeHUMeH O 6no~orn~ecKnx BH0aX opy*~n, MHtOpMaUHR =H c~y~e6Horo HO~b30BaHMR He nepe'~aeTcH HeOTBeTCTBeHHbIM CTOpOHaM. KpOMe TOrO, MccRe'~osaTe~H ~O~HbI 6bITb B COCTORHHM 3alUnTHTb MH+opMaunIo, KOTOpaH HMeeT KOMMepHeCKylO UeHHOCTb. ~O~eH 6bITb pa3pa6oTaH MeXaHH3M ,~ 06eCEIeHeHHn COOTBeTCTByIO~erO 6anaHCa Me~y CB060,QHbIM IIOTOKOM Hay~HOH MH+OpMaUHM ~ OrpaHM~eH~MM, OCHOBaHH~MM Ha 3T~X ~ByX 3aKOHHbIX IIpilH~HaX, B OTHO~eHMM OrpaHHHeHMN paCOpOCTpaHeHHR MHtOpMaUHM B KOHKpeTHbIX cRyHaRx. . ~paBa Ha MHTe~eKTyaRbHy~ C06CTBeHHOCTb, BbITeKa~He H3 COBMeCTHOM 9Te~bHOCTH, ~O~HbI 6bITb pa3~eReHbI Me~y yHaCTBy~MMM y~pe~eHM~MM Ha CHpaBe~MBbIX ~ paBHbIX yC~OBM~X. nO Mepe pa3BUTH~ COBMeCTHOrO HpOeKTa DOR*Ha B03paCTaTb B3aMMHaH yBepeHHOCTb B TOM, HTO COTpy~H~KH HpOeKTa He 6y~yT MCHO~b30BaTb MHTe~eKTya~bHy~ C06CTBeHHOCTb B HeUpe~yCMOTpeHHbIX ue~x; ~ 3Toro HpoeKTHbIe COr~a~eHHR DOR*HbI BKH~HaTb COOTBeTCTBy~He HORO*eHHR, KaCa~HeCH HpaB Ha TaK MHTeJI~eKTYaRbHY1O CO6CTBeHHOCTb. llOJIO;KeHH~ THrIOBOrO IlPOeKTHOrO COrJIaIIIeHM~ MHTLI, HpUBeDeHHbIe BO Bpe3Ke 2-2, 06eCHeH~Ba~T OTHpaBHOH HyHKT =H paCCMOTpeHMB Mep B OTHOIlleHHM KOHKpeTHbIX HpOeKTOB. 38
BPeSKa 2.2 OCHOBHbIe MOMeHTL! BIOnO]KeH~ MOTIF B OTHOmeH~ HPaB Ha MHTenneKTYanbHY1O C06CTBeHHOCTb Bce HpaBa Ha pe3y~bTaTb! MCCReDOBaHMM Hp~H90Re~aT pOCCH~CKOMy MHCTHTyTy, KOTOpMM IlpOBO~HT HpOeKT. Bce CTOpOHb! MHTD ~Me~T Spat Ha 6ec~aTHb~e ~ueH3~ Ha nc~o~b30saHne pe3y~bTaTos lICCIIe~OBaHMM B HeKOMMepYeCKHX ue~x. 0)lIHaHClIpyK)~aR CTOpOHa MMeeT HpaBO Ha 6ec~aTHym 3KC=~3MBHy~ ~ueH3~m Ha MCHO~b30BaHMe pe3y~bTaTOB MCCReDOBaHMM B KOMMepYeCKHX He~nx Ha csoe~ Tepp~Topnn. POCCH~CKHM MHCTHTyT MO*eT MCHORb30BaTb pe3y~bTaTb! MCCRe~OBaHMM B KOMMepYeCKHX ~eR~X B ~pyr~x perHoHax M~pa H~H MO*eT IlO~yM~Tb ¢leHe~cHylo KoMIleHcaLIMIo 3a ~HLleH3~H Ha no,qo6Hoe ncuon~30saHne. ~MHaHCHp~O~aR CTOpOHa ~ pOCCH~CKHM MHCTH~ MOr~ yCROB~TbCH O ~pyr~x ~OrOBOpeHHOCT=. [ICTO~H~K:YCTaB MHTU, CTaTbSXIII, 17MaPTa 1994 ro~a. OPrAHH3AUM51 MCC~E,D;OBATE:~bCKO0,ZI;ENTE:~LHOCTH B BY~Y~EM Ba*HbIe aCHeKTM COTpy~HMUeCTBa B 6~*aMWeM 6y~y~eM 6y~yT NBR~TbCH Kp~Tepn~Mn, ncrIoJIb3yeMbIMn ~n su60pa Ha~6oJIee o6ema~om~x cosMecTH~Ix rIpoeKTos, pa3Mepa ~ Ctepb! OT,QeRbHbIX HpOeKTOB lI tHHaHCOBbIX DOrOBOpeHHOCTeH B OTHOIIIeHHM IIo'=ep*KH IlpOeKTOB. Kp~rrep~ oqeHK~ I'pe,qno~KeH~ I'o ~ccne,qosaH - M KplITeplIM, pa3pa60TaHHMe B xoDe oueHKH 3KcHep~MeHTa~bHbIx HpOeKTOB ~ H3~0*eHHbIe paHee B HaCTOR~eH r~aBe, HO~XO~T =R OUeHKH DOCTOMHCTB 6y~ym~x rlpoeKToB. HH;Kec~e'JylomMe'~Ba KpUTepHR TaK'Ke MMeloT Ba~cHoe 3HaHeHHe B cRyHae BBe'ReHnH paCIIIMpeHHOH [IpOrpaMMM: i. BepoRTHocTb cTa6~bHocTH: HpoeKT '~o~*eH 6hITh MHTepecHbIM ,~ KOMMeplIeCKHX' IlpaBlITeRECTBeHHbIX H~H ,Qpyr~X OpraHM3aUMM, KOTOpMe XOTHT MCH0~630BaTh peSy~bTaTbI MCC~eDOBaHMM ~ o6~a~amT tHHaHCOBbIMM Cpe0CTBaMM ~ HpO~O~*eHH~ HO=ep~aHHR MCCRe~OBaHMM B o6me~ o6nacTn noc~e sasepmeHnn ~poeKTa. MHor~e acneKTb~ MCC)TeDOBaHHM B 06RaCTH OHaCHbIX HaTOreHOB CH~Ta~TCH BXO~HMM B tyHKUHM IlpaBlITeRbCTBa B ctepe o6mecTseHHoro 3~pasooxpaHeHnn; n03TOMy, ~ ~po~o~eHnn DeRTe~bHOCTH B p~e o6nacTen HecoMHeHHo Tpeby~oTcn o6mecTseHHbIe neHe*HbIe cpe~cTsa. Me~y TeM, B HeKoTopbIx o6nacTRx' HaHo~o6He ~HarHOCTHHeCKOH aHDapaTypbI ~ BaKUHH' CyIIleCTBeHHOe 3Ha~eHne MMelOT MepOUpH~TH~ n0 ~p~sne~eHn~o KOMMepHeCKHX opraH~3aU~ K Ilpe~OCTaBBeHMIO +MHaHCOBOM HO=ep*KH. 2. ~;O~e~iCTBMe CBR3RM Me~Y 06~eKTaMM ~JIM YUeHbIMM B 06JIaCTH 060pOHbI ~ rpa~aHcK~MM y~eHbIMM HnH 06~eKTaMH: B HPOeKTHOM ReRTeRbHOCTH RO~HEI HaMTH CBOe OTPa)KeHMe HOBMe BHYTPeHHMe CeTH. XOTH YUeHbIe B 06RaCTH 060POHM RBRBIOTCH Upe3BbIHanHO CrIOCo6HbIMM ~ HeKOTOpbIe rpa~aHCKHe OpraHHaaUHM 06Ra,QalOT 60nee 06~MpH~M OH~TOM ~ OtHUMaRbHbIMM tyHKUH~MM H0 peWeHMIO HpO6ReM 06~eCTBeHHOrO a~pasooxpaHeH~. B HeKoTopbIx c~y~a~x, MOF),T 6bITb yMeCTHM HpOeKTbI C yYaCTHeM paSHbIX OpraHM3aUMM, KOTOpbIe Hpe~yCMaTp~Ba~T HpH=eHeHHe CHeUMa~HCTOB H3 o60Mx CeKTOpOB; B ~pyr~x c~y~anx, Hpe'lHo~TeHHe Mo;KeT 6bITb OT~aHO ~OHOnHUTe~bHbIM HpOeKTaM. B ~60M cJIylIae, COBMeCTHaH ~eRTeRbHOCTb B 06RaCTH HRaHUpOBaHHR ~ KOOpD~HaUMM DOR*Ha CHOC06CTBOBaTb yCHeWHOMy BMHOnHeHH~ HpOeKTa ~ c6~*eHn~o DByX CeKTOpOB. Pa3Mep ~ 06'beM MCCJle~OBaT~bC~ ~OeKTOB B o6~eM c~yHae, 6y,ly~He HpOeKTbI ,lO~KHbI 6bITb 60nee Kpy~HbIMM ~ 60~ee =HTeJIbHbIMM H0 CBOeI! IIPO,QOn*HTeJIbHOCTH, HeM 3KCIIeP~MeHTaJIbHbIe TIPOeKTbI. MHTU 39
MMe~ ~OBO~bHO KOHCTpyKTHBHblM OUbIT B o6RacTH no~ep*KH 60Ree Kp~Hb1X HpOeKTOB, HTO oTpa~aeT Ba*HOe 3Ha~eHne COBMeCTHOrO COXpaHeHHR HayYHO-HCCReDOBaTe~bCKHX Ko~eKTHBoB. KpoMe Toro, ycTaHoBneHMe 6o~b~oro HucRa He60~bW~X HpOeKTOB Hp~BOD~T K BbICOK~M ~M~H~CTpaTHBHbIM H3Dep*KaM. YMeCTHbIMM HpeDCTaBRHIOTCH Tpe~eTHHe HpOeKTb! C y~aCTHeM KO~eKTHBOB B COCTaBe OKORO 10 pOCCH~CKHX cHeuMaRMcToB. B TO ~e BpeMH, Ba*HOe SHaHeHHe HMeeT rM6KOCTb B OTHO~eHMM HO=ep*KH MeHee H~H 60Ree Kpy~Hb~x IpOeKTOB, B 3aB~CHMOCTH OT KOHKpeTHb1X ue~eH MCCReDOBaHHR. .HHaHCOBaR ~e~CTB=e~bHOCTb Ka~an cTopoHa, no Mepe B03MO)KHOCTH, ~O~*Ha HOKpbIBaTb CBOH CO6CTBeHHMe paCXODbI, CBR3aHHMe C COTpy~HM~eCTBOM, Hpe~yCMaTp~BaR paBHOe paCHpeDeReHMe 3aTpaT B Ka~ecTse ~o~rocpo~Ho~ ne~. np~H~MaR BO BH~MaHMe HMelO~HeCH B HaCTOR~ee BpeM~ B PoccHM tHHaHCOBble Tpy~HOCTH ~ TOT taKT, HTO ~eHe*HaH HO~ep~Ka RBRHeTCH e~HHCTBeHHbIM BM0OM BKRa~a B COBMeCTHbIM HpOeKT, HO~XO=~HM Hpe~CTaB=eTCH cne,~y~o~unu no~xo~ K HOKpbITH~ 3aTpaT HO COTpy~HHHeCTBy B 6~*aHWeM 6y~y~eM: I. B oTHomeHnn cosMecTHux ncc~elosaTenbcKnx rIpoeKTos: · COe~HHeHHbIe ~TaTb! AMep~KH AOR*Hb! HOKpbIBaTb 3aTpaTb! Ha Tepp~TOpHM COeD~HeHHbIX ~TaTOB AMep~KH; ~ · COeD~HeHHbIe ~TaTbI AMep~KH DOR*HbI yYaCTBOBaTb B HOKpbITHM 3aTpaT Ha Tepp~TOpHM PoccHM B COOTBeTCTBMM C HpaBMRaMM MHTD B OTHOWeHHM ~ODyCTHMb1X 3aTpaT (HaDpUMep, 3apunaTa, o60py,qosaHue, BCHOMOraTe~bHble MaTepHa~bI, HOe3DKH ~ 3aTpaTb! Ha lIClIO~b30BaHMe TeXHM~eCKHX CHeUMaRMCTOB, BblY~C~HTeRbHb~ Cpe~CTB ~ BCHOMOraTeRbHOe 06C~y*MBaHHe, 06yC~OBReHHbIe OCO6eHHOCTHMM HpOeKTa) ~ ~O~HbI O~aHRBaTb paCXODbI aMepilKaHCKHX COTpy~H~KOB Ha Tepp~TOpHM POCCHM, HpH STOM POCCH~ HORpbIBaeT HpOHHe HpOM3BO~CTBeHHbIe, a~M~H~CTpaTHBHbIe ~ KOCBeHHbIe 3aTpaTbI. 2. . yHaCTH~KOB; . B oTHoIIleHnn TexHn~ecKmx coseIuaHnn ~ ceM~Hapos Ha TeppuTop~ Poccn~: COe~HHeHHbIe ~TaTbI AMep~KH ~O~*HbI HOKp~BaTb paCXODbI aMep~KaHCKHX PoCClI~ ~O~*Ha HOKpbIBaTb paCXODbI pOCCH~CKHX yYaCTH~KOB; ~ 06e CTpaHbI ~O~HbI paCHpeDe=Tb 3aTpaTbI, CBH3aHHbIe C HpOBODUMbIMM MepOIIplIRTH~MH. 3. B oTHomeHnn TexHu~ecKmx cosemaH~n ~ ceM~Hapos Ha Tepp~Top~n COeD~HeHHbIX ~TaTbI AMep~KH: · POCCIIR ~OR*Ha HOKpbIBaTb paCXODbI, CBR3aHHbIe C Me~yHapODHbIMM epee3,QaMH; a . COeD~HeHHbIe ~TaTbI AMep~KH DO~*HbI HOKpbIBaTb BCe HpoUMe 3aTpaTbI. 40
XOPOIIIA5I OCHOBA,l~JIfl 1iY~YIIlErO COTPYp;HWIECTBA ~eRTe~bHOCTh 3Toro KOM~TeTa, COBMeCTHO C CODyTCTBy~HMM yCH~BMM aMep~KaHCKHX Be~OMCTB, BbI3Ba~a B PoccHM 3Haq~TeRbHy~ 3a~HTepeCOBaHHOCTB ~ paCT r~o~ep;KKy Spew 6MB~MX ~ HaCTOR~MX yqeHb1X B 06~aCTH 060poHM B OTHOWeHHM COBMeCTHBIX IIpOeKTOB HpH yMaCTHM aMep~KaHCKHX CHeUHa~HCTOB, KOTOpMe MMe~T OpHeHTaU~K) B o6RacTH 6HoRorMUecKHx HayK ~ 6HoTexHo~orMM. COBMeCTHMe HpOeKTb! C OpHeHTaUMeM B 06RaCTH OHaCHb1X HaTOreHOB DO~*Hb! HpeDCTaB~RTB co60n sa*Hoe HODMHO*eCTBO no~o6Horo COTpy~H~HeCTBa. C yqeTOM Hepe,Qaq~ pOCCH~CK~M MHCTHTyTaM ~ aMep~KaHCK~M COTpy~H~KaM CyMMM B pa3Mepe OKO~O 500000 aMep~KaHCKHX ~O~apOB B HaCTOR~ee BpeMR HpOMCXO~HT BMHO~HeHHe meCT~ 3KCIlepuMeHTanbHbIX rlpoeKTos; ~sa ~pyr~x rIpoeKTa HaXO~TCn Ha IIOCne~H~X cTa~nx csoe~ paspa60TKn. Hpouecc paSpa6oTKH 3T~X HpOeKTOB ~ HepBMe HeCKORbKO MeCHUeB MX BLIIIORHeHHR HOKa3bIBa~T, HTO COBMeCTHaH De~TeRbHOCTb, OCy~eCTB=eMaH HpH pyKOBO~CTBe CHeUHaRMCTOB ~ B De~CTBeHHbEX a~M~H~CTpaTHBHbIX paMKaX, MO*eT MCHORb30BaTb B pa60Te Be~y~MX pOCCH~CKHX yqeHbIX B 06RaCTH 060pOHbI, Hp~B~eqb OT~HqHbIX aMep~KaHCKHX IIapTHepOB lI3 Hay~HbIX KpyrOB ~ HpaB~TeRbCTBa ~ HO=ep~aTb pa60Ty, HpOBO~HMylO H0 TeMaM HepBOCTeHeHHOH Ba)KHOCTH ~ 06RaAaK)~ylO HOTeHUMa~bH~MM B03MO*HOCTHMM ~OCTH*eHH~ 3HaH~Te~bHbIX pe3y~bTaTOB. ~OHO~H~TeRbHO K 3aTpaTaM H0 HO~ep*Ke MCCRe~OBaTe~bCKOM ~eRTe~bHOCTH B ~ByX v pOCCIl~CKlIX MHCTHTyTaX ~ HpOe3DHbIM ~ CODyTCTBylO~MM paCXODaM aMep~KaHCKHX COTpy,QH~KOB, 6bmM nOHeCeHM 3HaUnTeRbHble 3aTpaTb! HpH pa3pa6oTKe sKcHep~MeHTaRbHbIx IlpoeKToB ~ HpH ycTaHoBJIeHMM 6a3bI =H 6y,Qy~ero COTpy,QHMUeCTBa, BKnIOIIaH COBMeCTHylO DeRTe~bHOCTb H0 H~aH~pOBaHM~ C pOCCH~CK~MM KO=eraMH. O~HaKO, HpOUeHT o6~eH CyMMM DeHe*Hb1X CpeDCTB, Bb~eReHHMM Ha H0006Hy~ BCHOMOraTeRbHy~ ~eRTeRbHOCTb, pe3KO yMeHbIIllITCH B cn~ae HpoBeDeHHR pacmNpeHHoH COBMeCTHOH HpOrpaMMbI, H3naraeMoH B r~aBe 3. BKPaTUe' HeDaBHHM ORbIT KOM~TeTa HO~TBep~aeT, HTO HeCMOTpH Ha MMe~HeCH B HaCTOR~ee BpeMB B PoccHM HO~HTHMeCKHe HeOUpeDeReHHOCTH ~ SKOHOMMYeCKHe Tpy~HOCTH, IIpeDCTaBRHeTCH OCy~eCTB~MbIM BMHORHeHMe Ba*HbIX COBMeCTHbIX HpOrpaMM C yHaCTHeM pOCCH~CKHX yUeHb1X B 06RaCTH 060pOHbI, KOTOpbIe CRy~aT Ue~HM HaUMOHa~bHOH 6e30IIaCHOCTH, 06~eCTBeHHOrO 3~paBooxpaHeHun, 3KOHOMMMeCKOrO pa3B~THR ~ Hay~HbIM ue=M oGeux cTpaH' KaK H3RaraeTcH B rRaBe i. 41
