National Academy Press
2101 Constitution Avenue, N. W. Washington, D. C. 20418
NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance.
This report has been reviewed by a group other than the authors according to procedures approved by a Report Review Committee consisting of members of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine.
The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society of distinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. Upon the authority of the charter granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on scientific and technical matters. Dr. Bruce M. Alberts is president of the National Academy of Sciences.
The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engineers. It is autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its members, sharing with the National Academy of Sciences the responsibility for advising the federal government. The National Academy of Engineering also sponsors engineering programs aimed at meeting national needs, encourages education and research, and recognizes the superior achievements of engineers. Dr. Robert M. White is president of the National Academy of Engineering.
The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to secure the services of eminent members of appropriate professions in the examination of policy matters pertaining to the health of the public. The Institute acts under the responsibility given to the National Academy of Sciences by its congressional charter to be an adviser to the federal government and, upon its own initiative, to identify issues of medical care, research, and education. Dr. Kenneth I. Shine is president of the Institute of Medicine.
The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy’s purposes of furthering knowledge and advising the federal government. Functioning in accordance with general policies determined by the Academy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in providing services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. The Council is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Bruce M. Alberts and Dr. Robert M. White are chairman and vice chairman, respectively, of the National Research Council.
This report and the study on which it is based were supported by Contract No. DTNH22-94-G-07414 from the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation.
Limited copies of this report are available from the Board on Energy and Environmental Systems, National Research Council, 2101 Constitution Avenue, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20418.
Copyright 1994 by theNational Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
Printed in the United States of America
Standing Committee to Review the Research Program of the Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles*
TREVOR O. JONES
(Chair), NAE, Chairman of the Board (Retired),
Libbey-Owens-Ford Company, Cleveland, Ohio
HARRY E. COOK,
NAE, Grayce Wicall Gaunthier Professor of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering,
University of Illinois, Urbana
KENNERLY H. DIGGES,
Research Professor of Mechanical Engineering,
George Washington University, Ashburn, Virginia
DEBORAH GORDON,
Transportation Program Director,
Union of Concerned Scientists, Berkeley, California
ROBERT L. HIRSCH,
Senior Vice President,
General Atomics, Washington, D.C.
CRAIG MARKS,
NAE, President,
Creative Management Solutions,
andVisiting Professor
in both the College of Engineering and the School of Business Administration,
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
SEYMOUR MEISEL,
NAE, Vice President for Research (Retired),
Mobil Oil Corporation, Princeton, New Jersey
C. MICHAEL WALTON,
NAE, Ernest H. Cockrell Centennial Chair in Engineering and Chairman,
Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin
Project Staff
MAHADEVAN MANI,
Director,
Board on Energy and Environmental Systems (BEES)
NANCY HUMPHREY,
Senior Program Officer,
Transportation Research Board
HELEN JOHNSON,
Administrative Associate,
BEES
LYNN KASPER,
Staff Editor,
Commission on Engineering and Technical Systems (CETS)
WENDY ORR,
Project Assistant,
BEES
ARCH WOOD,
Executive Director,
CETS
* |
For biographical sketches of members and staff, see Appendix C. |
|
NAE= Member, National Academy of Engineering. |
Board on Energy and Environmental Systems
H. M. (HUB) HUBBARD
(Chair), President and Chief Executive Officer,
Pacific International Center for High Technology Research (PICHTR), Honolulu, Hawaii
RICHARD MESERVE
(Vice-Chair), Partner,
Covington & Burling, Washington, D.C.
STEPHEN D. BAN,
President,
Gas Research Institute, Chicago, Illinois
ROBERT D. BANKS,
Program Director of Technology and Environment,
World Resources Institute, Washington, D.C.
BARBARA R. BARKOVICH,
Partner,
Barkovich and Yap, Consultants, San Rafael, California
JAN BEYEA,
Chief Scientist,
National Audubon Society, New York, New York
DAVID E. DANIEL,
L.B. (Preach) Meaders Professor of Civil Engineering,
Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin
LINDA C. DOLAN,
Staff Environmental Engineer,
Martin Marietta Electronics and Missiles, Orlando, Florida
ROBERT L. HIRSCH,
Senior Vice President,
General Atomics, Washington, D.C.
FRANCOIS E. HEUZE,
Head, Geotechnical Group,
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California
CHARLES D. KOLSTAD,
Professor,
Department of Economics, University of California, Santa Barbara
JANE C. S. LONG,
Staff Scientist,
Earth Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, Berkeley, California
SEYMOUR MEISEL,
NAE, Vice President, Research (Retired),
Mobil R&D Corporation, Princeton, New Jersey
SHLOMO P. NEUMAN,
NAE, Regents’ Professor,
Hydrology and Water Resources, University of Arizona, Tucson
THOMAS O’ROURKE,
NAE, Professor,
Civil & Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
LAWRENCE T. PAPAY,
NAE, Vice President & Manager of Research & Development,
Bechtel Group, Inc., San Francisco, California
RUTH A. RECK,
Director,
Global Climate Change Program, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois
MARC H. ROSS,
Professor,
Physics Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
|
NAS= Member, National Academy of Sciences |
|
NAE= Member, National Academy of Engineering |
HAROLD H. SCHOBERT,
Chairman,
Fuel Sciences Program, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park
JOEL SPIRA,
NAE, Chairman and Director of Research,
Lutron Electronics Co., Inc., Coopersburg, Pennsylvania
JON M. VEIGEL,
President,
Oak Ridge Associated Universities, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
Liaison Members to the Commission on Engineering and Technical Systems
RICHARD A. CONWAY,
NAE, Senior Corporate Fellow,
Union Carbide Corporation, South Charleston, West Virginia
Staff
MAHADEVAN MANI,
Director
SUSANNA CLARENDON,
Administrative Assistant
THERON FEIST,
Project Assistant
HELEN JOHNSON,
Administrative Associate
WENDY ORR,
Project Assistant
JILL WILSON,
Program Officer
TRACY WILSON,
Senior Program Officer
JAMES ZUCCHETTO,
Senior Program Officer
|
NAE= Member, National Academy of Engineering |