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OCR for page R1
Report of ~ Symposium on
J~csc to English
China Dansln1ion
How ~ He Radons Academy of Sconces
~ ~hin~on, D.C.
On D~emb~ ~ 1989
O~cc of J~= as
Computer Sconce ad Technology Boa
and Rash Council
NATIONS CADET TESS
~sh~g[on, D.C. 1990
OCR for page R2
NOTICE: We project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the
National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of
Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the
committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special ccxnpetencies and with regard for
appropriate balance.
This report has been reviewed by a group other than the authors according to procedures approved
by a Report Review Committee consisting of members of the National Academy of Sciences, the
National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine.
Ihe National Academy of Sciences of the United States is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating
society of distinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the
furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. Upon the authority of
the charter granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise
the federal government on scientific and technical matters. Dr. Frank Press is president of the
National Academy of Sciences.
Me National Academy of Engineering of the United States was established in 1964, under the
charter of the National Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engineers. It is
autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its members, sharing with the National
Academy of Sciences the responsibility for advising the federal government. The National Academy
of Engineering also sponsors engineering programs aimed at meeting national needs, encourages
education and research, and recognizes the superior achievement of engineers. Dr. Robert M. White
is president of the National Academy of Engineering.
The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to secure
the services of eminent members of appropriate professions in the examination of policy matters
pertaining to the health of the public. The Institute acts under the responsibility given to the National
Academy of Sciences by its congressional charter to be an adviser to the federal government and,
upon its own initiative, to identify issues of medical care, research, and education. Dr. Samuel O.
Shier is president of the Institute of Medicine.
'Ihe National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to
associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy's purposes of furthering
knowledge and advising the federal govemment. Functioning in accordance with general policies
determined by the Academy, the Research Council has become the principal operating agency of both
the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in providing services to
the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. The Research Council is
administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Mediane. Dr. Frank Press and Dr. Robed
M. White are chainnan and vice-chairman, respectively, of the National Research Council.
Available from:
Office of Japan Affairs
National Research Council
2101 Constitution Avenue N.W.
Washington, DC 20418
Printed in the United States of America
Ihe Japanese to English translation on the cover is Edited machine translation output provided by
Systran.
OCR for page R3
STEERING COMMITTEE
Symposium on Japanese to English Machine Translation
Dr. Roger Levien, Chairman
Vice President, Corporate Strategy Office
Xerox Corporation
Dr. Jaime Carbonell
Computer Science Professor
Director of Machine Translation Center
Carnegie Mellon University
Dr. Charles Freiman
Director
The Engineering Foundation
Dr. Richard Samuels
Associate Professor
Department of Political Science
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
. . .
~1
OCR for page R4
PROGRAM
SYMPOSIUM ON JAPANESE TO ENGLISH
MACHINE TRANSLATION
National Academy of Sciences, Lecture Room
December 7, 1989
8:15 - 8:45 AM Registration
8:45 AM Chairman's Opening Remarks: Roger Levien,
Xerox Corporation
8:50 AM Welcome: Lee W. Mercer, Deputy Under
Secretary for Technology, United States
Department of Commerce
9:00 - 10:30 AM Panel on the State of the Art
Presenters: Makoto Nagao, Kyoto University
Jaime Carbonell, Carnegie Mellon University
Commentators: David Johnson, IBM
Alvin Despain, University of
Southern California
10:30 - 12:00 PM Panel on Market Prospects
Presenters: Chuck Walrad, Systran
Takehiko Yamamoto, Bravice
International, Inc.
Commentators: Tom Seal, ALPNET
Cheryl Bettels, DEC-Geneva
12:00 - 12:20 PM Remarks: Representative George E. Brown Jr.,
United States Congress
12:30- 1:30PM Lunch
1V
OCR for page R5
1:30 - 3:00 PM
Presenters:
Commentators:
3:00 - 4:30 PM
Presenters:
Commentators:
4:30 - 5:30 PM
Panel on User Needs
Mark Eaton, MCC
Maria Russo, Xerox Corporation
Dale Bostad, Wright Patterson AFB
Alan Melby, Brigham Young
University/LinguaTech
Panel on R&D Policy
Bernard E. Scottj Logos
Muriel Vasconcellos, Pan American
Health Organization
Richard Samuels, MIT
Ralph Quinn, Bell Labs
James Unger, University of Hawaii
(Great Hall) Info renal Reception and
Demonstrations of Machine Translation
Systems and Machine Aids for Translators
v
OCR for page R6
COMMITTEE ON JAPAN
The Committee on Japan has been established to advise the Office of Japan
Affairs on its programs, and to assist in defining the contribution that the
Academies can make in enhancing U.S. interests through science and technology
exchange with Japan.
Harold Brown, Chairman
Johns Hopkins Foreign Policy Institute
Daniel Okimoto, Vice Chairman
Stanford University
Justin Bloom
Technology Intemational, Inc.
Lewis Branscomb
Harvard University
Mac Nestler
University of Maryland
Ellen Frost
United Technologies Corporation
Lester Krogh
3M Company
James Merz
University of California,
Santa Barbara
Yoshio Nishi
Hewlett-Packard Company
Terutumo Ozawa
Colorado State University
Ex Officio Members:
Gerald Dinneen, Foreign Secretary, National Academy of Engineering
William Gordon, Foreign Secretary, National Academy of Sciences
V1
Susan Pharr
U.S.-Japan Relations Program,
Reischauer Institute
John D. Rockefeller IV
U.S. Senate
Richard Samuels
MIT-Japan Science and
Technology Program
Roland Schmitt
Rensselaer Polytechnic
Institute
Hubert J. P. Schoemaker
Centecor, Inc.
Ora Smith
Conductus, Inc.
Susumu Tonegawa
Massachusetts Institute of
Technology
OCR for page R7
OFFICE OF JAPAN AFFAIRS
Since 1985, the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of
Engineering have engaged in a series of high-level discussions on advanced
technology and the international environment with a counterpart group of
Japanese scientists, engineers, and industrialists. One outcome of these
discussions has been a deepened understanding of the importance of promoting a
more balanced two-way flow of people and information between the research and
development systems in the two countries. Another result was a broader
recognition of the need to address the science and technology policy issues
increasingly central to a changing U.S.-Japan relationship. In 1987, the National
Research Council, the operating arm of both the National Academy of Sciences
and the National Academy of Engineering, authorized first-year funding for a
new Office of Japan Affairs (OJA). This newest program element of the Office
of International Affairs was formally established in the spring of 1988.
The primary objectives of OJA are to provide ~ resource to the Academy
complex and the broader U.S. science and engineering communities for
information on Japanese science and technology; to promote better working
relationships between the technical communities in the two countries by
developing a process of deepened dialogue on issues of mutual concern; and to
address policy issues surrounding a changing U.S.-Japan science and technology
relationship.
Staff
Martha Caldwell Harris, Director
Donna J. Audritsh, Research Associate
Karen McDowell, Program Assistant
Karen Duffy, Research Intern
. .
V11
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COMPUTER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY BOARD
in.
Joseph F. Traub, Chairman
Columbia University
Alfred V. Aho
AT&T Bell Laboratories
John Seely Brown
Xerox Corporation
Palo Alto Research Center
Michael L . Dertouzos
Massachusetts Institute of
Technology
Samuel H. Fuller
Digital Equipment Corporation
James Freeman Gilbert
University of Califomia,
San Diego
William A. Goddard m
Califomia Institute of
Technology
John ~ Hennessy
Stanford University
John E. Hopcroft
Comell University
Robert E. Kahn
Coloration for National
Research Initiatives
Sidney Kann
San Diego Supercomputer Center
Leonard Kleinrock
University of Califomia,
Less Angeles
Robert Langridge
University of Califomia,
San Francisco
Abraham Peled
IBM T. J. Watson Research Center
Raj Reddy
Camegie Mellon University
Mary Shaw
Camegie Mellon University
William J. Spencer
Xerox Corporation
Ivan E. Sutherland
Sutherland, Sproull & Associates
Victor Vyssotsky
Digital Equipment Corporation
Irving Wladawsky-Berger
IBM Corporation
. . .
V111
OCR for page R9
COMPUTER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY BOARD
The Computer Science and Technology Board was established in 1986 to
address technical and policy issues in computer science and associated
technologies. The Board pursues its mission by promoting the health of the
technology and related fields of pure and applied science; initiating studies
involving computer science and technology as a critical national resource;
responding to requests from the government, nonprofit foundations, and industry
for advice on computer science and technology; and providing a base of expertise
within the National Research Council in the area of computer science and
technology.
The Board's membership, half of which is corporate and half academic,
reflects its belief in a partnership of the corporate and academic sectors. In
addition, the Board includes a mix of computer and computational scientists,
ensuring that the perspective of the computer user is considered.
The Board has an ambitious agenda, focusing on research needs and public
policies to enhance U.S. production and use of new computer technologies.
Specific priority areas include international competitiveness, high-performance
computing, software, talent production, new computer applications, a national
infrastructure for future computational technologies, and the articulation of the
importance of the field.
Staff
Marjory S. Blumenthal, Executive Director
Damian M. Saccocio, Staff Officer
Herbert Lin, Staff Officer
Margaret A. Knemeyer, Staff Associate
Donna F. Allen, Administrative Secretary
Catherine A. Sparks, Senior Secretary
Pam Rodgers, CSTB Consultant
1X
OCR for page R10
