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Contents
PREFACE
1. MACHINE TRANSLATION: FROM A TRANSLATION TO A
COMMUNICATIONS AND INFORMATION CHALLENGE.....
CHANGING CONTEXT FOR MACHINE TRANSLATION 2
SEINING AND MEETING GOALS FOR MACHrNE
TRANSLATION DEVELOPMENT 3
2. THE COMMERCIAL CHALLENGES .....................
CURRENT STATUS OF MACHrNE TRANSLATION
DEVELOPMENT ..............................................................................
MARKET PROSPECTS
USER NEEDS .................................................................................
JAPANESE AND U.S. USERS: CONTRASTING NEEDS.
3. THE TECHNICAL CHALLENGES: APPROACHES TO RESEARCH
AND ASSESSMENT.....................
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12
15
.18
...20
DEVELOPMENTAL STRATEGIES AND PROBLEMS 21
EVALUATING MACHINE TRANSLATION SYSTEMS.
4. THE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT POLICY AGENDA..
THE SKEPTICS...
THE ADVOCATES
WHAT MIGHT BE DONE?
CONCLUSION
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..30
X1
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..31
e33
..36
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Preface
At the request of the United States Department of Commerce, the Office of
Japan Affairs and the Computer Science and Technology Board of the National
Research Council convened a Symposium on Japanese to English Machine
Translation on December 7, 1989. With the initiative of a steering committee
chaired by Dr. Roger Levien of the Xerox Corporation, the symposium was
planned to provide a forum where participants from the private sector and other
interested parties could discuss the current state of Japanese to English machine
translation, market prospects, and user needs, as well as R&D policy options.
Recognizing the potential contribution that machine translation and related
technologies can make to the operations of companies doing business around the
world, to researchers and policymakers who need to know about developments in
Japanese science and technology, and to translators whose work could be
augmented by the use of machine aids, the symposium was organized to share
information and stimulate thinking about how machine translation and related
technologies might address the needs of users in the United States.
This report was prepared by staff members from the Office of Japan Affairs in
cooperation with the Computer Science and Technology Board to highlight major
points in the symposium presentations and discussions. Participants in the
symposium and other experts provided valuable comments and clarifications.
This report, however, incorporates a range of views articulated at the symposium
rather than a consensus of those presented.
. . .
x~n
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