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Improving Civilian Medical Response to Chemical or Biological Terrorist Incidents: Interim Report on Current Capabilities (1998)
Commission on Life Sciences (CLS)

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Improving Civilian Medical Response to Chemical or Biological Terrorist Incidents: Interim Report on Current Capabilities

References

Arca, VJ , GA Ramos , DW Reeves , WK Blewett , DP Fatkin and BD Cannon . Protection Factor Testing of the Responder Suit . Report No. ERDEC-TR-312 . Aberdeen, MD : Edgewood Research, Development, and Engineering Center , 1996 .

Argonne National Laboratory . Personal Protective Equipment for the Chemical Stockpile Emergency Preparedness Program: A Status Report . Argonne, IL : Argonne National Laboratory , 1994 .

Batelle Laboratories, Inc. Final Report for Agent Testing Commercial Filters to United States Army/ERDEC . Columbus, OH : Batelle Laboratories, Inc. , 1993 .

Benenson, AS (Ed). Control of Communicable Diseases Manual , 16th ed. Washington, DC : American Public Health Association , 1995 .

Black, RM , RJ Clarke , JM Harrison , and RW Read . “Biological Fate of Sulphur Mustard: Identification of Valine and Histidine Adducts in Haemoglobin from Casualties of Sulphur Mustard Poisoning.” Xenobiotica 27 (1997) : 499–512 .

Bowler, RM , D Huel , G Mergler and JE Cone . “Psychological, Psychosocial, and Psychophysiological Sequelae in a Community Affected by a Railroad Chemical Disaster.” Journal of Traumatic Stress 7 (1994) : 601–624 .

Bowler, RM , L Ngo , C Hartney , K Lloyd , I Tager , J Midtling and G Huel . “Epidemiological Health Study of a Town Exposed to Chemicals.” Environmental Research 72 (1997) : 93–107 .

Bowler, RM , C Hartney and LH Ngo . “Amnestic Disturbance and PTSD in the Aftermath of a Chemical Release. ” Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology (in press).

Byrne, WR . “Q Fever,” in , ET Takafuji , and DR Franz (Eds) , Textbook of Military Medicine Part I, Warfare, Weaponry, and the Casualty: Medical Aspects of Chemical and Biological Warfare , 523–538 . Washington, DC : Office of the Surgeon General, Department of the Army, United States of America , 1997 .

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Improving Civilian Medical Response to Chemical or Biological Terrorist Incidents: Interim Report on Current Capabilities References Arca, VJ , GA Ramos , DW Reeves , WK Blewett , DP Fatkin and BD Cannon . Protection Factor Testing of the Responder Suit . Report No. ERDEC-TR-312 . Aberdeen, MD : Edgewood Research, Development, and Engineering Center , 1996 . Argonne National Laboratory . Personal Protective Equipment for the Chemical Stockpile Emergency Preparedness Program: A Status Report . Argonne, IL : Argonne National Laboratory , 1994 . Batelle Laboratories, Inc. Final Report for Agent Testing Commercial Filters to United States Army/ERDEC . Columbus, OH : Batelle Laboratories, Inc. , 1993 . Benenson, AS (Ed). Control of Communicable Diseases Manual , 16th ed. Washington, DC : American Public Health Association , 1995 . Black, RM , RJ Clarke , JM Harrison , and RW Read . “Biological Fate of Sulphur Mustard: Identification of Valine and Histidine Adducts in Haemoglobin from Casualties of Sulphur Mustard Poisoning.” Xenobiotica 27 (1997) : 499–512 . Bowler, RM , D Huel , G Mergler and JE Cone . “Psychological, Psychosocial, and Psychophysiological Sequelae in a Community Affected by a Railroad Chemical Disaster.” Journal of Traumatic Stress 7 (1994) : 601–624 . Bowler, RM , L Ngo , C Hartney , K Lloyd , I Tager , J Midtling and G Huel . “Epidemiological Health Study of a Town Exposed to Chemicals.” Environmental Research 72 (1997) : 93–107 . Bowler, RM , C Hartney and LH Ngo . “Amnestic Disturbance and PTSD in the Aftermath of a Chemical Release. ” Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology (in press). Byrne, WR . “Q Fever,” in , ET Takafuji , and DR Franz (Eds) , Textbook of Military Medicine Part I, Warfare, Weaponry, and the Casualty: Medical Aspects of Chemical and Biological Warfare , 523–538 . Washington, DC : Office of the Surgeon General, Department of the Army, United States of America , 1997 .

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Improving Civilian Medical Response to Chemical or Biological Terrorist Incidents: Interim Report on Current Capabilities Centers for Disease Control and Prevention . “Management of Patients with Suspected Viral Hemorrhagic Fever,” Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 37, Supplement S-3(1988) : 1–15 . ——. “Preliminary Report: Foodborne Outbreak of Escherichia coli O157:H7 Infections from Hamburgers—Western United States,” Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 42(1993) : 851–886 . ——. Addressing Emerging Infectious Disease Threats: A Prevention Strategy for the United States . Atlanta : United States Department of Health and Human Services , 1994a . ——. “Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome—United States, 1993,” Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 43 (1994b) : 45–48 . ——. “CDC Recommendations for Civilian Communities Near Chemical Weapons Depots: Guidelines for Medical Preparedness; Notice.” Federal Register 60, (1995a) : 33307–33312 . ——. “Update: Management of Patients with Suspected Viral Hemorrhagic Fever —United States,” Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 44 (1995b) : 475–479 . ——. Additional Requirements for Facilities Transferring or Receiving Select Agents, 42 CFR Part 72/RIN 0905-AE70 . Atlanta : United States Department of Health and Human Services , 1997 . Chemical Casualty Care Office . Medical Management of Chemical Casualties Handbook , Second Edition . Aberdeen, MD : U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense , 1995 . Cox, RD. “Decontamination and Management of Hazardous Materials Exposure Victims in the Emergency Department.” Annals of Emergency Medicine 23 (1994) : 761–770 . Crompton, R and D Gall. “Georgi Markov: Death in a Pellet.” Medico-Legal Journal 48(1980) : 51–62 . Danley, D. Unpublished oral remarks on the DoD Vaccine Program . Meeting of the Committee on Improving Civilian Medical Response to Chemical and Biological Terrorism Incidents , Washington, DC, July 24 , 1997 . Dart, RC , Y Stark , B Fulton , J Koziol-McLain , and SR Lowenstein . “Insufficient Stocking of Poisoning Antidotes by Hospital Pharmacies. ” Journal of the American Medical Association 276 (1996) : 1508–1510 . Daugherty, ML , AP Watson , and T Vo-Dinh . “Currently Available Permeability and Breakthrough Data Characterizing Chemical Warfare Agents and Their Simulants in Civilian Protective Clothing Materials.” Journal of Hazardous Materials 30 (1992) : 243–267 . Defense Protective Service . 10-90 Gold NBC Response Plan . Washington, DC : United States Department of Defense , 1996 . Dunn, MA , BE Hackley , and FR Sidell . “Pretreatment for Nerve Agent Exposure,” in Sidell, FR , ET Takafuji , and DR Franz (Eds), Textbook of Military Medicine Part I, Warfare, Weaponry, and the Casualty: Medical Aspects of Chemical and Biological Warfare , 181–196 . Washington, DC : Office of the Surgeon General, Department of the Army,United States of America , 1997 . Ember, LR . “Yellow Rain,” Chemical and Engineering News 62 (1984) : 8–34 .

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Improving Civilian Medical Response to Chemical or Biological Terrorist Incidents: Interim Report on Current Capabilities Evans, ME and Friedlander, AM . “Tularemia,” in Sidell, FR , ET Takafuji , and DR Franz (Eds), Textbook of Military Medicine Part I, Warfare, Weaponry, and the Casualty: Medical Aspects of Chemical and Biological Warfare , 503–512 . Washington, DC : Office of the Surgeon General, Department of the Army , United States of America , 1997 . Fainberg, A. “Debating Policy Priorities and Implications,” in Roberts, B. (Ed), Terrorism With Chemical and Biological Weapons , 75–93 . Alexandria, VA : The Chemical and Biological Arms Control Institute , 1997 . Federal Emergency Management Agency . Terrorist Incident Annex to the Federal Response Plan , Document No. FEMA 229 . Washington, DC : Federal Emergency Management Agency , 1997 . Fidder, A, D Noort , AL deJong , HC Trap , LP deJong and HP Benschop . “Monitoring of in Vitro and in Vivo Exposure to Sulfur Mustard by GC/MS Determination of the N-Terminal Valine Adduct in Hemoglobin After a Modified Edman Degradation.” Chemical Research and Toxicology 9 (1996a) : 788–792 . Fidder, A, D Noort , LP deJong , HP Benschop and AG Hulst . “N7-(2-Hydroxyethylthioethyl)-Guanine: a Novel Urinary Metabolite Following Exposure to Sulphur Mustard.” Archives of Toxicology 10 (1996b) : 854–855 . Franz, DR and NK Jaax . “Ricin Toxin,” in Sidell, FR, ET Takafuji , and DR Franz (Eds), Textbook of Military Medicine Part I, Warfare, Weaponry, and the Casualty: Medical Aspects of Chemical and Biological Warfare , 631–642 . Washington, DC : Office of the Surgeon General, Department of the Army, United States of America , 1997 . Franz, DR, PB Jahrling , AM Friedlander , DJ McClain , DL Hoover , WR Byrne , JA Pavlin , GW Christopher , and EM Eitzen . “Clinical Recognition and Management of Patients Exposed to Biological Warfare Agents.” Journal of the American Medical Association 278 (1997) : . Friedlander, AM. “Anthrax,” in Sidell, FR, ET Takafuji , and DR Franz (Eds), Textbook of Military Medicine Part I, Warfare, Weaponry, and the Casualty: Medical Aspects of Chemical and Biological Warfare , 467–478 . Washington, DC : Office of the Surgeon General, United States Army , 1997 . Fume Free, Inc. Quick Mask Description . http://www.quickmask.com/descript.htm Website accessed September 25 , 1997 . Garner, JS and the Hospital Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee , Centers for Disease Control and Prevention . “Guidelines for Isolation Precautions in Hospitals.” Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology 17 (1996) : 53–80 . Gill, DM. “Bacterial Toxins: A Table of Lethal Amounts.” Microbiological Reviews 46 (1982) : 86–94 . Gough, AR and K Markus . “Hazardous Materials Protections in ED Practice: Laws and Logistics. ” Journal of Emergency Nursing 15 (1989) : 477 . Habermann, E. “Clostridial Neurotoxins and the Central Nervous System: Functional Studies on Isolated Preparations,” in Simpson, LL. (Ed), Botulinum Toxin and Tetanus Toxin , 153–178 . New York : Academic Press , 1989 . Hamling, J. On the Efficacy of CISD . http://www.ozemail.com.au/~jsjp/cisd2.htm Website accessed October 10 , 1997 .

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Improving Civilian Medical Response to Chemical or Biological Terrorist Incidents: Interim Report on Current Capabilities Hance, BJ, C Chess , and PM Sandman . Improving Dialogue with Communities: A Risk Communication Manual for Government . New Brunswick, NJ : Rutgers University , 1988 . Hoover, KD and AM Friedlander . “Brucellosis,” in Sidell, FR , ET Takafuji , and DR Franz (Eds), Textbook of Military Medicine Part I, Warfare, Weaponry, and the Casualty: Medical Aspects of Chemical and Biological Warfare , 513–522 . Washington, DC : Office of the Surgeon General, Department of the Army, United States of America , 1997 . Jahrling, PB. “Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers,” in Sidell, FR , ET Takafuji , and DR Franz (Eds), Textbook of Military Medicine Part I, Warfare, Weaponry, and the Casualty: Medical Aspects of Chemical and Biological Warfare , 591–602 . Washington, DC : Office of the Surgeon General, Department of the Army, United States of America , 1997 . Kenardy, JA, RA Webster , TJ Lewin , JC Vaughan , PL Hazell , and GL Carter . “Stress Debriefing and Patterns of Recovery Following a Natural Disaster. ” Journal of Traumatic Stress 9 (1996) : 37–49 . Lederberg, J, RE Shope , and SC Oaks, Jr. (Eds). Emerging Infections: Microbial Threats to Health in the United States . Washington, DC : National Academy Press , 1992 . Levitin, HW and HJ Siegelson . “Hazardous Materials: Disaster Medical Planning and Response.” Disaster Medicine 14 (1996) : 327–349 . Litovitz, TL, M Smilkstein , L Felberg , W Klein-Schwartz , R Berlin , and JL Morgan . “1996 Annual Report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers Toxic Exposure Surveillance System.” Toxicology 15 (1997) : 447–453 . McClain, DJ. “Smallpox,” in Sidell, FR, ET Takafuji , and DR Franz (Eds), Textbook of Military Medicine Part I, Warfare, Weaponry, and the Casualty: Medical Aspects of Chemical and Biological Warfare , 539–560 . Washington, DC : Office of the Surgeon General, Department of the Army, United States of America , 1997 . McGovern, TW and AM Friedlander . “Plague,” in Sidell, FR, ET Takafuji , and DR Franz (Eds), Textbook of Military Medicine Part I, Warfare, Weaponry, and the Casualty: Medical Aspects of Chemical and Biological Warfare , 479–502 . Washington, DC : Office of the Surgeon General, Department of the Army, United States of America, 1997 . Middlebrook, JL and DR Franz . “Botulinum Toxins,” in Sidell, FR, ET Takafuji , and DR Franz (Eds), Textbook of Military Medicine Part I, Warfare, Weaponry, and the Casualty: Medical Aspects of Chemical and Biological Warfare , 655–676 . Washington, DC : Office of the Surgeon General, Department of the Army, United States of America , 1997 . Mitchell, JT and GS Everly . Critical Incident Stress Debriefing: An Operations Manual for the Prevention of Traumatic Stress Among Emergency Services and Disaster Workers . Ellicott City, MD : Chevron Publishing , 1996 . National Research Council . Improving Risk Communication . Washington, DC : National Academy Press , 1989 . Obu, S. “Japanese Medical Team Briefing.” In United States Public Health Service , Proceedings of the Seminar on Responding to the Consequences of Chemical and

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Improving Civilian Medical Response to Chemical or Biological Terrorist Incidents: Interim Report on Current Capabilities Biological Terrorism , 2-30–2-35 . Washington, DC : U.S. Government Printing Office , 1996 . Olson, KB. “Overview: Recent Events and Responder Implications.” In United States Public Health Service , Proceedings of the Seminar on Responding to the Consequences of Chemical and Biological Terrorism , 2-36–2-93 . Washington, DC : U.S. Government Printing Office , 1996 . Raphael, B, L Meldrum , and AC McFarlane . “Does Debriefing After Psychological Trauma Work?” British Medical Journal 310 (1995) : 1479–1480 . Rauber, A and J Heard . “Castor Bean Toxicity Reexamined: A New Perspective.” Veterinary and Human Toxicology 27 (1985) : 498–502 . Richardson, JH and WE Barkly . Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories . HHS Publication No. (NIH) 88-8395 . Washington, DC : U.S. Government Printing Office , 1988 . Shapiro, RL, C Hatheway , J Becher , and DL Swerdlow . “Botulism Surveillance and Emergency Response: a Public Health Strategy for a Global Challenge.” Journal of the American Medical Association 278 (1997) : . Sidell, FR. “United States Medical Team Briefing.” In United States Public Health Service , Proceedings of the Seminar on Responding to the Consequences of Chemical and Biological Terrorism , 2-30–2-35 . Washington, DC : U.S. Government Printing Office , 1996 . Sidell, FR, ET Takafuji , and DR Franz (Eds). Textbook of Military Medicine Part I, Warfare, Weaponry, and the Casualty: Medical Aspects of Chemical and Biological Warfare . Washington, DC : Office of the Surgeon General, Department of the Army, United States of America , 1997 . Skolfield, S, D Lambert , A Tomassoni , and K Wallace . “Inadequate Regional Antidote and Medication Supplies for Poisoning Emergencies.” Clinical Toxicology 35 (1997) : 490 . Smith, JF, K Davis , MK Hart , GV Ludwig , DL McClain , MD Parker , and WD Pratt . “Viral Encephalitides,” in Sidell, FR , ET Takafuji , and DR Franz (Eds), Textbook of Military Medicine Part I, Warfare, Weaponry, and the Casualty: Medical Aspects of Chemical and Biological Warfare , 561–590 . Washington, DC : Office of the Surgeon General, Department of the Army, United States of America , 1997 . Stern, PC and HV Fineberg (Eds). Understanding Risk. Informing Decisions in a Democratic Society . Washington, DC : National Academy Press , 1996 . Ulrich, RG, S Sidell , TJ Taylor , CL Wilhelmsen , and DR Franz . “Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B and Related Pyrogenic Toxins,” in Sidell, FR, ET Takafuji , and DR Franz (Eds), Textbook of Military Medicine Part I, Warfare, Weaponry, and the Casualty: Medical Aspects of Chemical and Biological Warfare , 621–630 . Washington, DC : Office of the Surgeon General, Department of the Army, United States of America , 1997 . United States Army Chemical Demilitarization and Remediation Activity . Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Alternatives for Non-Stockpile Operations Test Report . Aberdeen, MD : United States Army Chemical Demilitarization and Remediation Activity , 1994 . United States Department of Health and Human Services . Hazardous Substances Emergency Events Surveillance (HSEES) Annual Report . Atlanta : Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry , 1993 .

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Representative terms from entire chapter:

military medicine