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Doctoral Scientists and Engineers in the United States
TABLE 8 Employment Sector of Science and Engineering Ph.D.s, by Field of Doctorate, 1995 (in percent)
Field of Doctorate
Employment Sector
All Fields
Computer Sciences
Mathematical Sciences
Chemistry
Physcis and Astronomy
Earth/Atmospheric/Marine Sciences
Agricultural/Environmental Sciences
Biological Sciences
Health Sciences
Social Sciences
Psychology
Engineering
Employed Population (No.)
484,800
6,400
22,800
52,500
34,400
14,400
19,300
97,400
15,500
67,600
75,800
78,600
Educational Institution
48.5
50.2
67.0
33.1
47.7
47.7
47.1
58.8
56.2
65.7
39.8
33.1
2-Year College
1.4
0.6
2.0
1.9
1.2
1.4
1.3
1.6
1.3
2.2
1.4
0.3
4-Year College/University
41.2
45.5
59.3
26.0
34.5
36.8
39.2
52.3
50.7
58.8
33.1
27.3
University-Affiliated Research Institute
4.7
3.6
5.0
4.4
11.2
8.9
6.0
4.2
3.1
4.0
1.5
5.3
Elementary or Secondary School
1.1
0.5
0.7
0.8
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.7
1.1
0.8
3.9
0.1
Private For-Profit Company
30.3
43.2
22.6
55.2
33.5
22.5
30.1
22.3
21.2
10.9
19.1
53.8
Self-Employed
5.9
1.3
2.1
2.7
2.8
3.8
4.4
3.1
3.6
4.6
20.0
3.1
Private Not-for-Profit Organization
4.9
2.0
3.3
2.9
5.6
4.8
2.3
4.9
7.4
5.0
9.1
2.9
State/Local Government
2.7
0.7
0.5
1.0
0.5
3.0
2.9
2.3
4.0
4.0
7.0
0.8
U.S. Government
7.1
2.2
4.2
4.7
9.7
17.9
12.9
8.4
7.0
7.4
4.8
6.1
Other Employer
0.6
0.4
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.6
2.4
0.3
0.2
NOTE: Numbers are rounded to the nearest hundred; therefore, subcategories may not add to total.
SOURCE: National Research Council/National Science Foundation, Survey of Doctorate Recipients, 1995.
