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Doctoral Scientists and Engineers in the United States
TABLE 9 Occupation of Science and Engineering Ph.D.s, by Sector, 1995 (in percent)
Employment Sector
Occupation
Total
Educational Institution
Private For-Profit Company
Self-Employed
Private Not-for-Profit Organization
Government
Other Employer
Employed Population (No.)
484,800
234,900
146,700
28,600
23,800
48,000
2,700
Scientists
38.3
24.6
44.1
67.8
57.5
59.3
58.9
Computer Scientists
2.9
0.6
7.3
1.9
2.9
1.5
1.5
Math Scientists
1.2
0.6
1.6
0.8
2.8
2.7
1.8
Chemists
4.4
1.2
10.6
1.6
2.2
3.7
3.4
Physicists
2.5
2.2
2.3
1.0
4.1
4.7
0.7
Earth/Atmospheric/Marine Scientists
2.1
1.4
2.2
1.5
2.7
5.8
0.6
Agricultural/Environmental Scientists
1.8
1.5
1.8
1.6
0.9
3.7
1.6
Biological Scientists
9.8
10.4
8.0
2.7
13.4
15.3
4.1
Health Scientists
2.6
2.0
2.4
6.1
5.0
3.1
5.4
Social Scientists
2.4
1.5
1.5
2.9
4.5
6.5
3.4
Psychologists
8.5
3.1
6.5
47.7
19.0
12.3
5.7
Engineers
8.8
2.4
20.5
6.1
5.9
8.1
6.0
Postsecondary Teachers of Science
24.8
51.0
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.0
Postsecondary Teachers of Engineering
3.2
6.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Other Teachers/Professors
2.3
4.6
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.1
0.0
Top/Mid-Level Managers
12.7
8.0
19.3
1.9
20.5
17.7
21.0
Management-Related Occupations
4.6
1.6
7.6
4.9
6.8
8.4
10.2
Technologists
1.2
0.4
2.6
1.4
0.9
1.3
1.4
Other Occupations
4.1
0.9
5.8
17.6
8.2
4.9
2.5
NOTE: Numbers are rounded to the nearest hundred; therefore, subcategories may not add to total.
SOURCE: National Research Council/National Science Foundation, Survey of Doctorate Recipients, 1995.
