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Doctoral Scientists and Engineers in the United States
TABLE 12 Primary Work Activity of Science and Engineering Ph.D.s, by Field of Doctorate, 1995 (in percent)
Field of Doctorate
Primary Work Activity
All Fields
Computer Sciences
Mathematical Sciences
Chemistry
Physics and Astronomy
Earth/Atmospheric/Marine Sciences
Agricultural/Environmental Sciences
Biological Sciences
Health Sciences
Social Sciences
Psychology
Engineering
Employed Population (No.)
484,800
6,400
22,800
52,500
34,400
14,400
19,300
97,400
15,500
67,600
75,800
78,600
Applied Research
20.2
17.8
11.6
27.4
20.5
29.0
36.5
19.6
23.4
18.0
9.2
24.8
Basic Research
13.7
11.4
12.4
13.0
20.4
19.0
8.6
31.0
5.8
7.6
5.6
4.9
Development and Design
7.2
6.9
4.2
11.6
11.2
2.9
6.1
3.1
4.1
2.3
1.6
19.9
Computer Applications
4.4
23.9
11.3
3.2
10.3
4.3
2.6
1.5
0.8
2.2
1.5
8.3
Managing and Supervising
11.8
7.4
8.1
13.7
11.3
10.8
12.4
10.5
15.2
11.8
10.1
14.9
Professional Services
12.3
0.3
2.3
4.7
2.4
4.2
5.3
9.5
15.6
6.0
48.2
2.6
Teaching
22.1
28.3
44.2
16.0
16.4
21.6
14.1
17.4
26.4
42.1
17.1
16.1
Other Activities
8.4
4.0
6.0
10.5
7.5
8.2
14.5
7.4
8.7
9.9
6.7
8.4
NOTE: Numbers are rounded to the nearest hundred; therefore, subcategories may not add to total.
SOURCE: National Research Council/National Science Foundation, Survey of Doctorate Recipients, 1995.
