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Suggested Citation:"Citizenship Status." National Research Council. 1998. Doctoral Scientists and Engineers in the United States: 1995 Profile. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9524.
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  • Thirteen percent of chemistry doctorates received their degrees before 1960, the highest proportion by field, compared with 7 percent of science and engineering doctorates overall.

Citizenship Status

  • Eight percent of science and engineering doctorates were foreign citizens in 1995 (including both permanent and temporary residents).

  • Computer sciences and engineering had the highest proportions of foreign citizens, 28 and 16 percent, respectively. The lowest proportion (2 percent) was in psychology.

  • Foreign citizens comprised 24 percent of science and engineering doctorates earned within the most recent 5 years.

Suggested Citation:"Citizenship Status." National Research Council. 1998. Doctoral Scientists and Engineers in the United States: 1995 Profile. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9524.
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