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Doctoral Scientists and Engineers in the United States
TABLE 39 Work or Research Activities Outside the United States by Science and Engineering Ph.D.s Since Earning the Doctorate, by Field of Doctorate, 1995 (in percent)
Field of Doctorate
All Fields
Computer Sciences
Mathematical Sciences
Chemistry
Physics and Astronomy
Earth/Atmospheric/Marine Sciences
Agricultural/Environmental Sciences
Biological Scien- Sciences
Health Sciences
Social Sciences
Psychology
Engineering
Total Population (No.) *
542,100
6,600
25,100
61,300
38,700
16,500
22,400
109,700
16,900
75,700
82,100
86,900
Conducted Foreign Work/Research
38.4
34.1
39.4
38.2
44.6
59.2
49.5
35.1
29.1
52.0
19.6
40.6
Did Not Conduct Foreign Work/Research
61.6
65.9
60.6
61.8
55.4
40.8
50.5
64.9
70.9
48.0
80.4
59.4
Total Conducting Foreign Work/Research
Outside the U.S.
207,900
2,200
9,900
23,400
17,300
9,700
11,100
38,500
4,900
39,400
16,100
35,300
Length of Last Trip
Less Than One Week
21.6
21.1
21.0
27.7
19.8
15.0
18.6
19.7
31.5
13.2
24.8
30.2
7 to 30 days
43.1
45.8
38.4
38.9
42.4
54.0
55.0
40.4
42.2
44.7
42.0
42.5
1 to 6 months
18.6
18.9
22.3
14.0
18.9
20.4
12.0
20.3
14.8
26.0
17.0
13.0
More than 6 months
16.7
14.1
18.3
19.3
19.0
10.7
14.4
19.6
11.4
16.1
16.2
14.4
Total Not Conducting Foreign Work/Research
Outside the U.S.
334,100
4,300
15,200
37,900
21,400
6,700
11,300
71,300
12,000
36,300
66,000
51,600
Reasons for Not Conducting
Work/Research **
Not Relevant to Career
38.7
27.4
36.0
41.9
41.0
34.9
28.7
32.9
30.2
42.3
44.7
39.4
No Interest
20.7
21.3
28.1
21.5
20.0
16.7
18.4
19.0
18.7
15.1
25.2
20.3
No Time
35.6
46.8
34.3
28.2
31.6
32.5
33.5
37.9
37.8
37.5
40.7
31.5
Unable to Identify Host Institution
17.3
24.0
20.4
15.3
16.9
18.6
18.4
13.8
21.2
16.7
17.1
21.8
Concerns About Losing Place in Job Market
16.1
17.1
11.9
16.7
19.2
10.1
15.0
17.5
13.6
11.2
17.6
16.5
Unaware of Funding Sources
31.3
39.2
31.0
24.3
28.2
33.8
34.2
29.5
37.8
30.6
35.3
32.2
Lack of Foreign Language Skills
15.5
14.8
13.8
12.8
11.8
12.0
20.4
13.7
17.3
17.3
20.5
13.7
Family-Related Reasons
36.5
41.9
39.8
30.6
34.3
29.7
36.7
41.4
41.5
36.7
39.3
29.7
Other Reasons
10.8
7.6
9.8
12.4
11.4
12.8
15.8
10.1
10.5
12.2
7.5
13.1
NOTE: Numbers are rounded to the nearest hundred; therefore, subcategories may not add to total.
SOURCE: National Research Council/National Science Foundation, Survey of Doctorate Recipients, 1995.
