National Academies Press: OpenBook

Summary Report 1996: Doctorate Recipients from United States Universities (1998)

Chapter: Appendix A: The Seven Basic Tables, 1996

« Previous: Appendixes
Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: The Seven Basic Tables, 1996." National Research Council. 1998. Summary Report 1996: Doctorate Recipients from United States Universities. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9530.
×
Page 61
Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: The Seven Basic Tables, 1996." National Research Council. 1998. Summary Report 1996: Doctorate Recipients from United States Universities. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9530.
×
Page 62
Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: The Seven Basic Tables, 1996." National Research Council. 1998. Summary Report 1996: Doctorate Recipients from United States Universities. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9530.
×
Page 63
Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: The Seven Basic Tables, 1996." National Research Council. 1998. Summary Report 1996: Doctorate Recipients from United States Universities. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9530.
×
Page 64
Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: The Seven Basic Tables, 1996." National Research Council. 1998. Summary Report 1996: Doctorate Recipients from United States Universities. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9530.
×
Page 65
Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: The Seven Basic Tables, 1996." National Research Council. 1998. Summary Report 1996: Doctorate Recipients from United States Universities. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9530.
×
Page 66
Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: The Seven Basic Tables, 1996." National Research Council. 1998. Summary Report 1996: Doctorate Recipients from United States Universities. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9530.
×
Page 67
Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: The Seven Basic Tables, 1996." National Research Council. 1998. Summary Report 1996: Doctorate Recipients from United States Universities. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9530.
×
Page 68
Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: The Seven Basic Tables, 1996." National Research Council. 1998. Summary Report 1996: Doctorate Recipients from United States Universities. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9530.
×
Page 69
Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: The Seven Basic Tables, 1996." National Research Council. 1998. Summary Report 1996: Doctorate Recipients from United States Universities. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9530.
×
Page 70
Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: The Seven Basic Tables, 1996." National Research Council. 1998. Summary Report 1996: Doctorate Recipients from United States Universities. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9530.
×
Page 71
Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: The Seven Basic Tables, 1996." National Research Council. 1998. Summary Report 1996: Doctorate Recipients from United States Universities. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9530.
×
Page 72
Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: The Seven Basic Tables, 1996." National Research Council. 1998. Summary Report 1996: Doctorate Recipients from United States Universities. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9530.
×
Page 73
Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: The Seven Basic Tables, 1996." National Research Council. 1998. Summary Report 1996: Doctorate Recipients from United States Universities. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9530.
×
Page 74
Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: The Seven Basic Tables, 1996." National Research Council. 1998. Summary Report 1996: Doctorate Recipients from United States Universities. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9530.
×
Page 75
Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: The Seven Basic Tables, 1996." National Research Council. 1998. Summary Report 1996: Doctorate Recipients from United States Universities. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9530.
×
Page 76
Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: The Seven Basic Tables, 1996." National Research Council. 1998. Summary Report 1996: Doctorate Recipients from United States Universities. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9530.
×
Page 77
Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: The Seven Basic Tables, 1996." National Research Council. 1998. Summary Report 1996: Doctorate Recipients from United States Universities. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9530.
×
Page 78
Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: The Seven Basic Tables, 1996." National Research Council. 1998. Summary Report 1996: Doctorate Recipients from United States Universities. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9530.
×
Page 79
Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: The Seven Basic Tables, 1996." National Research Council. 1998. Summary Report 1996: Doctorate Recipients from United States Universities. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9530.
×
Page 80
Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: The Seven Basic Tables, 1996." National Research Council. 1998. Summary Report 1996: Doctorate Recipients from United States Universities. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9530.
×
Page 81
Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: The Seven Basic Tables, 1996." National Research Council. 1998. Summary Report 1996: Doctorate Recipients from United States Universities. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9530.
×
Page 82
Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: The Seven Basic Tables, 1996." National Research Council. 1998. Summary Report 1996: Doctorate Recipients from United States Universities. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9530.
×
Page 83
Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: The Seven Basic Tables, 1996." National Research Council. 1998. Summary Report 1996: Doctorate Recipients from United States Universities. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9530.
×
Page 84
Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: The Seven Basic Tables, 1996." National Research Council. 1998. Summary Report 1996: Doctorate Recipients from United States Universities. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9530.
×
Page 85
Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: The Seven Basic Tables, 1996." National Research Council. 1998. Summary Report 1996: Doctorate Recipients from United States Universities. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9530.
×
Page 86
Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: The Seven Basic Tables, 1996." National Research Council. 1998. Summary Report 1996: Doctorate Recipients from United States Universities. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9530.
×
Page 87
Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: The Seven Basic Tables, 1996." National Research Council. 1998. Summary Report 1996: Doctorate Recipients from United States Universities. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9530.
×
Page 88

Below is the uncorrected machine-read text of this chapter, intended to provide our own search engines and external engines with highly rich, chapter-representative searchable text of each book. Because it is UNCORRECTED material, please consider the following text as a useful but insufficient proxy for the authoritative book pages.

61 APPENDIX A: The Seven Basic Tables, 1996 Appendix A includes the following seven tables: A-6 A-7 Number of Doctorate Recipients, by Gender and Subfield, 1996 Number of Doctorate Recipients, by Citizenship, Race/E~nicity, and Subfield, 1996 Statistical Profile of Doctorate Recipients, by Major Field, 1996 Statistical Profile of Doctorate Recipients, by Race/E~nicity and Citizenship, 1996 Sources of Graduate School Support for Doctorate Recipients, by Broad Field and Gender, 1996 State of Doctoral Institution of Doctorate Recipients, by Broad Field and Gender, 1996 institutions Granting Doctorates, by Major Field, 1996 TABLE A-l and TABLE A-2: Tables A-! and A-2 display data for Me most recent year by subfield of doctorate. The subfields correspond to the fields on the questionnaire's Specialties List located at the back of this report. Field groupings may differ from Rose in reports published by federal sponsors of the Survey of Earned Doctorates (SED). See inside the back cover for a description of field groupings as reported In these tables. The "general" field categories e.g., "chemistry, general" include individuals who either received the doctorate in the general subject area or did not indicate a particular specialty field. The "other" field categories-e.g., "chemistry, other" include Individuals whose specified doctoral discipline was not among the specialty fields listed. Table A-! presents data by doctoral specialty and gender. Table A-2 displays doctoral specialty by citizenship and race/edmicity. For a detailed description of the racial/ethnic variable, see the explanatory note for Table A-4. TABLE A-3: Table A-3 is composed of three 2-page tables. The first table Includes data on ad doctorate recipients from the most recent year; the other two tables present the same data by gender. Field groupings may differ from Lose in reports published by federal sponsors of the SED. See Inside the back cover for a description of field groupings as reported In these tables; see the questionnaire's Specialties List at the back of the report for the names and codes of the subfields included. Terms requiring definition are as follows: Percentage with Master's: The percentage of doctorate recipients in a field who received a master's degree in any field before earning the doctorate. Median Age at Doctorate: One-half received the doctorate at or before this age. A recipient's age is obtained by subtracting the month/year of birth from the month/year of doctorate. (See note on next page.) Median Time Lapse: "Total Time" refers to Me total calendar tune elapsed between the month/year of baccalaureate and the month/year of doctorate. "Registered Time" refers to

62 Me actual time In attendance at colleges and universities between receipt of We baccalaureate and Me doctorate. Enrollment includes years of attendance not related to a recipient's doctoral program. NOTE about medians: The method of computing medians has been revised. Beginning with Summary Report 1994, months (of birth, baccalaureate, and doctorates are included in the calculations; medians presented in earlier reports were based only on years. Some medians would be the same regardless of the method of computation, but the new method generally computes slightly different results than are obtained By the of method. While variation is small (usually one or two decimal places), the reader should consider these differences when comparing medians presented in this report with those in earlier reports. Postgraduation Plans: Each year's doctorate recipients provide information on post- graduation employment or study plans in response to items B! Trough B9 on the survey form. Since the questionnaire is fitted out around He tune the doctorate is awarded, a recipient's plans are subject to change. However, comparisons with the longitudinal Survey of Doctorate Recipients (SDR) have shown SED data to be a reasonable indicator of actual employment status in the year following the doctorate, although results vary by sector. (The SDR, also conducted by the National Research Council, is a follow-up employment survey of a sample of doctorate recipients In science, engineering, and humanities fields.) In Table A-3 the postgraduation plans of doctorate recipients are grouped as follows: "Postdoctoral Study Plans" (fellowship, research associateship, traineeship, other), "Planned Employment After Doctorate" (educational institution, industry, etc.), and "Postdoctoral Plans Unknown." These categories include recipients who were still negotiating or seeking positions at the time of survey completion, as well as those whose plans were definite. The sum of these lines equals 100 percent for each column, with allowance for rounding: for example, 21.9 percent of all engineers had postdoctoral study plans, 69.6 percent planned to be employed, and 8.4 percent did not report their post- graduation plans, totaling 100 percent. The study and employment rows are further subdivided. The data on study plans show that 7.0 percent of all engineers planned to pursue postdoctoral fellowships; 13.0 percent, research associateships; 0.9 percent, tra~neeships; and 1.0 percent, some other form of postdoctoral study. These percentages sum to 21.9 percent, the proportion of engineers who reported plans for postdoctoral study. The employment row is similarly subdivided by type of employer. The percentages for these rows add to 69.6 percent the proportion of engineering Ph.D.s who planned employment. The category for educational institutions includes elementary and secondary schools as well as colleges and universities, and the category for government includes military service. The four lines of data beginning with "Definite Postdoctoral Study" distinguish between individuals who had definite postgraduation plans at the time of survey completion (item Bl: "Am returning to, or continuing in, predoctoral employment" or "Have signed contract or made definite commitment") and those who were still seeking employment or postdoctoral study (item Bl: "Am negotiating with one or more specific organizations," "Am seeking position but have no specific prospects," or Mothers. These four lines, when added to the prior line, "Postdoctoral Plans Unknown," total 100 percent with allowance for rounding. The two lines "Definite Postdoctoral Study" and "Seeking Postdoctoral Study"

63 add to give the percentage for "Postdoctoral Study Plans"; Me two lines "Definite Employment" and "Seeking Employment" add to give He percentage for "Planned Employment After Doctorate." Percentages showing He distribution of doctorate recipients by postdoctoral work activity and region of employment are based only on the number of recipients who had definite employment commitments at the time they completed the questionnaire. These percentages exclude recipients who planned postdoctoral study (as described above) and recipients who were still seeking employment at the time they completed the questionnaire. (Note that the rows on specific postdoctoral study and employment plans discussed earlier include individuals whose plans were not Indefinite.) Revisions to the questionnaire format beginning in 1990 resulted in higher rates of nonresponse to the item on work activity Trough 1993, when He rate was 15. ~ percent. The questionnaire was revised again in 1994, and nonresponse subsequently dropped to ~ ~ .9 percent in 1994 and 10.7 In 1995. A final revision In 1995 dropped He nonresponse for this item to just 3.4 percent in 1996. and territories: The U.S. regions of employment shown In Table A-3 include the following states New England: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampsh~re, Rhode Island, Vermont Middle Atlantic: New jersey, New York, Pennsylvania East North Central: Illmois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, Wisconsin West North Central: Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Soup Dakota South Atlantic: Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Maryland, Norm Carolina. Soup Carolina. Virginia. West Virginia ~ , ~ O East South Central: Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi, Tennessee West South Central: Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, Texas Mountain: Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, Wyoming Pacific & Insular: Alaska, California, Hawaii, Oregon, Washington, American Samoa, Guam, Puerto Rico, Trust Territory, Virgin Islands TABLE A-4: Table A-4 contains data by race/e~nicity and citizenship for selected variables included in Tables A-3 and A-5. Field groupings may differ from those In reports published by federal sponsors of the SED. See inside the back cover for a description of field groupings as reported In these tables; refer to the questionnaire's Specialties List at the back of the report for the names and codes of He subf~elds included. The racial/e~nic question has undergone several revisions over He years. In 1977 it was modified to correspond to a standard question format recommended by the Federal Interagency Committee on Education and adopted by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) for use in federally sponsored surveys; an explanation of the effect of these changes is detailed on page 13 of Summary Report 1977. (Note: Changes In the OMB guidelines prompted the moving of persons having origins in the Indian subcontinent from the white category to the Asian category.) In 1980 the item was further revised in two ways: (~) the

64 Hispanic category was subdivided into Puerto Rican, Mexican American, and other Hispanic to provide more detail for users of the racial/e~nic data, and (2) respondents were asked to check only one racial category. (Before 1980 doctorate recipients could check more than one category to indicate their race.) The item was modified again in 1982 to separate the questions on race and e~nicity. Since then respondents have been asked to first check one of the four racial group categories (American Indian, Asian, black, or white) and then indicate whether or not they are Hispanic. In Table A-4, Ph.D.s who reported Hispanic heritage, regardless of racial designation, are included in one of three Hispanic groups: Puerto Rican, Mexican American, or over Hispanic. The remaining survey respondents are Den counted In He respective racial groups. (Note: Doctorate recipients who checked He category "American Antiart or Alaskan Native" are identified as American Indian In this report.) NOTE about median age and time lapse (to doctorate): The method of computing medians has been revised. Beginning with Summary Report 1994, months (of birth, baccalaureate, and doctorate) are included in the calculations; medians presented in earlier reports were based only on years. Some medians would be the same regardless of the method of computation, but the new method generally computes slightly different results. While variation is smog (usually one or two decimal places), the reader should consider these differences when comparing medians presented in this report with those in earlier reports. See explanatory information on Table A-3 for further description. In the section on "Graduate School Support" a recipient counts in more than one category if support was received from multiple sources. Because a student counts once for each of his/her sources of support, the vertical percentages sum to more than 100 percent. See the explanatory note on Appendix Table A-5 for further detail. (Data on He primary source of support for doctorate recipients are presented in the body of the report.) The other sections in Table A-4 correspond to many of those in Appendix Table A-3. The reader is referred to the explanatory note on Table A-3 for additional information. TABLE A-5: Table A-5 displays data reported in item Al ~ on sources of financial support received during graduate school, by broad field and gender of recipient. Field groupings may differ from Hose in reports published by federal sponsors of the SED. See inside He back cover for a description of field groupings as reported in this table; see the question- naire's Specialties List at the back of the report for the names and codes of the subfields included. A recipient counts in more Man one category In Table A-5 if support was received from multiple sources. Because a student counts once for each of his/her sources of support, He vertical percentages sum to more than 100 percent. (Data on the primary source of support for doctorate recipients are presented in He body of He report.) BeginIiing with Summary Report 1990, federal research assistantships (RAs) have been aggregated with university RAs and shown under "University Research Assistant" in Table A-5. (Focus groups of doctoral candidates have indicated uncertainty as to He source

65 of their RA funding; it is therefore likely that some RAs have incorrectly identified support provided by the federal government as university rawer than federal.) The reader is advised not to compare sources of support data presented in the 1990-1996 Summary Reports with data in earlier reports because percentages appear higher for university support and lower for federal support in tables where all RAs are aggregated as "University Research Assistants." The data In Table A-5 should be interpreted as follows: 223 male doctorate recipients In Me physical sciences in 1996 reported financial support from federal fellowships or traineeships during graduate school. This number is 4.5 percent of the male physical sciences Ph.D.s who answered the question on sources of support, and 13.2 percent of all males in arty field who reported federal fellowship or tra~neeship support. TABLE A-6: Table A-6 shows, by broad field and gender, We number of persons receiving a doctorate in the most recent year from institutions in each of the 50 states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico. Field groupings may differ from Dose in reports published by federal sponsors of the SED. See inside tibe back cover for a description of field groupings as reported in this table; see Me questionnaire's Specialties List at the back of the report for the names and codes of Me subfields included. TABLE A-7: Table A-7 displays data by doctorate-granting institution and major field. It includes all institutions in the United States (the 50 states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico) that awarded doctoral degrees in the most recent year. Field groupings may differ from those in reports published by federal sponsors of the SED and from depart- mental designations at institutions. See inside the back cover for a description of field groupings as reported in this table; see the questionnaire's Specialties List at Me back of the report for the names and codes of the subf~elds included.

66 APPENDIX TABLE A-1 Number of Doctorate Recipients, by Gender and Subfield, 1996 Number of Doctorates Subfield of Doctorate Total Men Women Number of Doctorates Subfield of Doctorate Total Men Women TOTAL ALL FIELDS PHYSICAL SCIENCES MATHEMATICS Applied Mathematics Algebra Analysis and Functional Analysis Geometry Logic Number Theory Mathematical Statistics Topology Computing Theory and Practice Operations Research Mathematics, General Mathematics, Other COMPUTER SCIENCE Computer Science Information Sciences and Systems PHYSICS AND ASTRONOMY Astronomy Astrophysics Acoustics Chemical and Atomic/Molecular Elementary Particles Fluids Nuclear Optics Plasma and High-Temperature Polymer Solid State and Low-Temperamre Physics General Physics Other CHEMISTRY Analytical Inorganic Nuclear Organic Medicinal/Phannaceutical Physical Polymer Theoretical Chemistry, General Chemistry, Other 42,415 25.470 6~6755.291 1,122891 230 78 100 72 16 42 178 55 18 21 233 79 178 60 85 58 15 35 131 50 16 17 188 58 921 782 837 84 1,677 84 108 19 129 175 21 87 129 48 33 364 324 156 721 61 1,443 63 88 17 119 156 17 78 109 46 21 310 285 134 2,1481,543 346235 249181 55 506388 9664 300215 12191 5743 396277 7244 16.945 .384 231 52 18 15 14 47 s 2 4 45 21 139 116 23 234 21 20 2 10 19 4 9 20 2 12 54 39 22 605 111 68 o 118 32 85 30 14 119 28 Engineering Mechanics Engineenng Physics Engineenag Science Environmental Health Engineering IndustriallManufacturing Materials Science Mechanical Metallurgical Mining and Mineral Nuclear Ocean Operations Research Petroleum Polymer/Plastics Systems Engineering General Engineering Odler LIFE SCENCES BIOLOGICAL SCENCES Biochemistry Biomedical Sciences Biophysics Biotechnology Research Bacteriology Plant Genetics Plant Pathology Plant Physiology Botany, Over Anatomy Biometrics and Biostatistics Cell Biology Ecology Developmental Biology/Embryology Endocrinology Entomology Biologicathnmunology Molecular Biology Microbiology Neuroscience Nutritional Sciences Parasitology Toxicology Human and Animal Genetics Human and Animal Pathology Human and Animal Pharmacology Human and Animal Physiology Zoology, Other Biological Sciences General Biological Sciences Other 105 37 52 98 258 470 947 61 31 113 26 74 52 65 47 60 137 8~255 4.660 5,723 3,308 477 86 101 s 8 25 25 44 61 27 47 126 161 47 11 100 109 360 259 239 44 10 78 111 83 174 168 69 171 82 794 140 142 6 16 41 38 73 105 47 81 233 245 96 24 136 238 651 444 404 142 22 138 212 135 316 275 100 291 138 95 10 34 3 48 4 83 15 207 51 399 71 879 68 52 9 28 3 104 9 23 3 58 16 49 3 51 14 38 9 49 11 112 25 3.595 2,415 317 54 41 1 8 16 13 29 44 20 34 107 84 49 13 36 129 291 185 165 98 12 60 101 52 142 107 31 120 56 EARTH, ATMOS., & MARINE SCI.807632175 HEALTH SCENCES1,324463 861 Atmospheric Physics and Chemistry22157 SPeech-Lang. Pathology & Audiology9426 68 Atmospheric Dynamics21174 Environmental Health5829 29 Meteorology35332 Health SYstems/Services Admin.6024 36 Atmos. Scn/Meteorology, General33285 Public Health15646 110 Atmos. Sci./Meteorology, Other14104 Epidemiology14971 78 Geology16212636 Exercise Physiology/Sci., Kinesiology10567 38 Geochemistry493910 Nursing35412 342 Geophysics and Seismology1018714 Pharmacy14585 60 Paleontology14104 Rehabilitation/Therapeutic Services268 18 Mineralogy, Petrology231211 Veterinary Medicine6541 24 Stradgrap~y, Sedimentation1293 Health Sciences, General227 15 Geomorphology and Glacial Geology11101 Health Sciences, Other9047 43 Geological&Pelated Sci., General27252 Geological & Related Sci., Other22202 AGRICULTURAL SCENCES1,208889 319 Environmental Science836023 Hydrology and Water Resources31265 Agricultural Economics169132 37 Oceanography1077334 Agricultural Business & Management22 0 Marine sciences27225 Animal Breeding and Genetics129 3 Misc. Physical Sciences, Other13103 Animal Nutrition5443 11 Dairy Science97 2 ENGINEERING6~3055 529776 Poultry Science129 3 Fishenes Science and Management4636 10 Aerospace, Aeronautic., Astronautic.28726324 Animal Sciences, Over9064 26 Agricultural1048717 Agronomy and Crop Science11093 17 B~oengineering and Biomedical22017149 Plant Breeding and Genetics6350 13 Ceramic Sciences41383 Plant Pathology9063 27 Chemical681555126 Plant Sciences, Other2118 3 Civil59953564 Food En.gineering77 0 Communications32302 Food Sciences, (hoer14273 69 Computer20818523 Soil Chemist~ytMicrobiology2920 9 Electrical, Electronics1,5001,356144 Soil Sciences, Other7864 14 NOTE: Field groupings may differ from those in reports published by federal sponsors of the Survey of Earned Doctorates. See inside the back cover for a description of fields as reported in this table. Refer also to He explanatory note about this table in front of Appendix A.

67 APPENDIX TABLE A-1 (Continued) Subfield of Doctorate Number of Doctorates Total Men Women Number of Doctorates Subfield of Doctorate Total Men Women Horticulture Science735122 Humanities General39930 Forest Biology19154 Humanities Other924151 Forest Management22202 Wood Sci. and Pulp/Paper Tech.18153 EDUCATION6.7722.5934.179 Conservation/Renewabte Nat. Res.13103 Forestry and Related Sci., Other563818 Curriculum and Instruction896266630 Wildlife/Range Management644222 Educational Admin. and Supervision1,170535635 Agricultural Sciences, General550 Educational Leadership989428561 Agricultural Sciences, Other431 Educ./Instruct. Media~Design1074760 Educ . Stat. /Research Methods763442 SOCIAL SCIENCES(INCL. PSYCH.)6.8143.3003.514 Educ. Assess., Test., & Meas.321913 Educational Psychology30990219 Anthropology396182214 School Psychology1143381 Area Studies28199 Social/Phil. Found. of Educ.1254481 Criminology603525 Special Education27864214 Demograp~y/Population Studies1192 Counseling Educ./Couns. & Guidance27793184 Economics979761218 Higher Educ./Evaluation& Research481205276 Econometncs29218 Pre-elementary/Early Childhood811368 Geography16512045 Elementary Education46640 HumanlIndividual& Family Develop.15130121 Secondary Education341024 International Relations/Affairs996732 Adult and Continuing Education21086124 Political Science and Government621435186 Public Policy Analysis1045450 TEACHING FIELDS863361502 Sociology516242274 Statistics48417 Agricultural Education322210 Urban Affairs/Studies1066838 Art Education411526 Social Sciences, General261115 Business Education20911 Social Sciences Other1357263 English Education571542 Foreign Languages Education441529 PSYCHOLOGY3 3401 1332 207 Health Education902961 ,,, Home Economics Education13013 Clinical1,325406919 Technical/IndustrialArts Education1174 Cognitive and Psycholinguistics1286860 Mathematics Education1003565 Comparative312 Music Education914645 Counseling464161303 Nursing Education23023 Developmentaland Child18834154 Physical Education and Coaching1016041 Experimental1286068 Reading Education661353 Educational922666 Science Education965046 Family and Marriage Counseling522428 Social Science Education1257 Industrial and Organizational1626399 Technical Education24204 Personality241311 Trade and Industrial Education1275 Physiolog~cal/Psychobiology803941 TeacherEd./Spec.Acad.&Voc.,Other301317 Psychometrics1183 Quantitative19127 Education, General353141212 School821171 Education, Other331118213 Social17059111 Psychology, General27999180 PROFESSIONAL/OTHER FIELDS2,4781~5259S3 Psychology, Other1334984 BUSINESS AND MANAGEMENT1,276896380 HUMANITIES5 1162 5722 544 . ~ Accounting1569165 History, American355207148 Banking/F~nancialSupport Services1149024 History, Asian543123 Business Admin. and Management39329598 History, European18710879 Business/ManagerialEconomics38344 History/Philosonhyof Sci. & Tech.372710 InternationalBusiness362313 History, General1016239 Mgmt. Info. Sys./Bus. Data Proc.946529 History, Other1236855 Marketing Management and Research15310449 Classics724527 Operations Research645113 Comparative Literature1646599 Organizational Behavior1085850 Linguistics230117113 Bus. Mgmt./Admin. Serv., General675314 Speech and Rhetorical Studies1556491 Bus. Mgmt./Admin. Serv., Other533221 Letters, General281117 Letters, Other611843 COMMUNICATIONS389192197 American Studies1154867 Archeology211011 Communications Research602238 Art HistorylCriticisrn/Conservation17648128 Mass Communications1378651 Music699400299 Communication Theory371819 Philosophy369261108 Communications General812655 Religion31724572 Communications Other744034 Drama/Theater Arts1034855 OTHER PROFESSIONAL FIELDS774417357 LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE1.618639979 Architectural Environmental Design614516 American314119195 Home Economics28226 English699280419 Law26197 French1424399 Librarv Science49940 German883454 Parks/Recreation/Leisure/Fitness291910 Italian24519 Public Administration1046737 Spanish19682114 Social Work25676180 Russian371324 Theology/Religious Education21317439 Slavic1138 Professional Fields, General220 Chinese291910 ProfessionalFields, Other642 Japanese1028 Hebrew1293 OTHER FIELDS392019 Arabic642 Other Language and Literature502624 SOURCE: National Research Council, Survey of Earned Doctorates.

68 APPENDIX TABLE A-2 Number of Doctorate Recipients, by Citizenship, Race/Ethnicity, and Subfield, 1996 Non-U.S. U.S. Citizens and Non-U.S. with Permanent Visas Citizens Mex- Other To Temp. Amenc Puerto lean His- Unkn. Subfield of Doctorate Doctorates* Visas TotalIndian Asian BlackWhite Rican Amer. p c Race l TOTAL ALL FIELDS42.4159.610 31,506 187 3.6971.457 24,685 251 293 561 375 PHYSICAL SCIENCES6.6752,161 4.285 13 83284 3.171 23 31 57 74 MATHEMATICS1,122441 646 1 1408 478 3 2 5 9 Applied Mathematics23090 140 0 464 82 2 2 2 2 Algebra7827 50 0 62 42 0 0 0 0 Analysis and Functional Analysis10042 57 0 130 42 1 0 0 1 Geometry7232 39 0 50 34 0 0 0 0 Logic164 12 0 10 11 0 0 0 0 Number Theory4218 24 0 20 21 0 0 1 0 Mathematical Statistics17868 104 0 261 76 0 0 0 1 Topology5518 36 0 30 30 0 0 1 2 Computing Theory and Practice186 12 0 20 10 0 0 0 0 Operations Research219 12 0 31 8 0 0 0 0 Mathematics, General233100 108 1 260 77 0 0 1 3 Mathematics, Other7927 52 0 70 45 0 0 0 0 COMPUTER SCIENCE921376 513 4 11112 356 5 1 10 14 Computer Science837356 450 3 1068 306 4 1 8 14 Information Sciences and Systems8420 63 1 54 50 1 0 2 0 PHYSICS AND ASTRONOMY1,677523 1,097 2 20715 816 3 8 20 26 Astronomy8418 66 0 90 56 0 0 1 0 Astrophysics10824 83 0 30 75 0 1 0 4 Acoustics193 15 0 20 11 1 0 0 1 Chemical and Atomic/Molecular12933 96 0 172 74 0 1 0 2 Elementary Particles17565 110 0 111 90 0 1 5 2 Fluids218 13 0 21 10 0 0 0 0 Nuclear8723 64 0 83 53 0 0 0 0 Optics12934 95 1 212 66 0 2 0 3 Plasma and High-Temperature4810 38 0 60 31 0 0 1 0 Polymer3310 23 0 90 13 0 1 0 0 Solid State and Low-Temperature364140 223 0 574 152 0 0 9 1 Physics, General324108 165 0 431 108 1 1 4 7 Physics, Other15647 106 1 191 77 1 1 0 6 CHEMISTRY2,148613 1,461 4 29645 1,063 9 15 11 18 Analytical34686 260 1 557 188 4 0 3 2 Inorganic24957 188 0 245 153 0 1 1 4 Nuclear52 3 0 10 2 0 0 0 0 Organic506130 365 2 7017 259 3 7 5 2 Medicinal/Pharmaceutical9632 61 0 152 44 0 0 0 0 Physical30070 230 1 503 169 1 3 1 2 Polymer12154 67 0 232 42 0 0 0 0 Theoretical5725 32 0 40 26 0 2 0 0 Chemistry General396133 208 0 475 145 1 1 1 8 Chemistry Other7224 47 0 74 35 0 1 0 0 EARTH, ATMOS., & MARINE SCI.807208 568 2 784 458 3 5 11 7 Atmospheric Physics and Chemistry225 17 0 50 12 0 0 0 0 Atmospheric Dynamics218 12 0 30 8 0 1 0 0 Meteorology357 25 0 30 21 0 0 0 1 Aunos. Sc~./Meteorology, General3313 18 1 70 10 0 0 0 0 Atmos. Sci./Meteorology, Other143 11 0 10 10 0 0 0 0 Geology16236 122 0 110 103 0 1 4 3 Geochemistry4910 38 0 50 31 0 0 2 0 Geophysics and Seismology10131 61 0 141 44 0 2 0 0 Paleontology142 12 0 00 10 0 0 1 1 Mineralogy, Petrology232 21 0 10 18 0 1 1 0 Stratigraphy, Sedimentation122 10 0 10 9 0 0 0 0 Geomorpholo~Y and Glacial Geology110 11 0 00 11 0 0 0 0 Geological Unrelated Sci., General278 18 0 00 17 0 0 0 1 Geological& Related Sci., Other226 16 0 21 13 0 0 0 0 Environmental Science8328 53 1 72 43 0 0 0 0 Hydrology and Water Resources319 21 0 30 18 0 0 0 0 Oceanography10727 74 0 120 57 2 0 2 1 Marine~c~ences278 18 0 20 14 1 0 1 0 Misc. Physical Sciences, Other133 10 0 10 9 0 0 0 0 ENGINEERING6.3052.716 3.383 14 89574 2.260 22 28 48 42 Aerospace, Aeronautic., Astronautic.28793 184 0 285 149 0 1 1 0 Agricultural10453 51 1 183 28 0 0 1 0 B~oengineering and Biomedical22056 155 0 341 108 1 3 5 3 Ceramic Sciences4112 28 1 41 21 1 0 0 0 Chemical681334 341 1 6311 244 4 4 10 4 Civil599326 254 1 785 163 1 2 3 1 Communications3214 17 0 101 6 0 0 0 0 Computer20897 106 0 401 63 0 0 1 1 NOTE: Field groupings may differ from those in resorts published by federal sponsors of the Survey of Earned Doctorates. See inside the back cover for a description of fields as reported in this table. Refer also to the explanatory note about this table in front of Appendix A. *Includes individuals who did not report their citizenship at time of doctorate.

69 APPENDIX TABLE A-2 (Continued) Subfield of Doctorate U.S. Citizens and Non-U.S. with Permanent Visas Non-U.S. Citizens Total Temp. American Doctorates* Visas Total Indian Asian Black Mex Puerto ican White Rican Amer. Other His- Unkn. panic Race Electrical, Electronics1,500638803 222520519 4 912 12 Engineering Mechanics1054459 116141 0 00 0 Engineering Physics37829 05024 0 00 0 Engineering Science521734 09022 0 11 1 Environmental Health Engineering984351 111336 0 00 0 Industrial/Manufacturing258116136 328394 2 13 2 Materials Science470179280 0881181 1 11 7 Mechanical947386529 21509351 3 46 4 Metallurgical612928 110114 0 02 0 Mining and Mineral311416 0718 0 00 0 Nuclear1135353 09038 2 11 2 Ocean26616 05010 0 00 1 Operations Research743737 06229 0 00 0 Petroleum523121 08012 0 00 1 Polymer/Plastics653430 010118 0 01 0 Systems472423 06016 0 00 1 Engineering, General601826 08115 1 10 0 Engineering, Other1375476 019350 2 00 2 LIFE SCIENCES8.2552,0406.031 311.0671744.496 43 36105 79 BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES5,7231,2404,365 21888983,171 32 2871 56 Biochemistry794209570 51637379 3 36 4 Biomedical Sciences14028107 033565 1 30 0 BiophYsics14239100 035059 3 01 2 Biotechnology Research633 0003 0 00 0 Bacteriology16312 0318 0 00 0 Plant Genetics411130 08022 0 00 0 Plant Pathology382018 05112 0 00 0 Plant Physiology732548 04141 0 00 2 Botany, Other1051984 111167 0 20 2 Anatomy471136 09225 0 00 0 Biometrics and Biostatistics812255 012240 0 00 1 Cell Biology23336196 2454137 0 22 4 Ecology24535208 263189 1 06 1 Developmental Biology/Embryology962175 018254 0 10 0 Endocrinology24419 15012 1 00 0 Entomoloev1364688 08272 3 11 1 Biologicaf~munology23838198 0357147 2 04 3 Molecular Biology651163484 11366329 1 19 1 Microbiology44495343 26414244 7 34 5 Neuroscience40458338 2607253 2 44 6 Nutritional Sciences14238100 06483 1 15 0 Parasitology22418 11114 0 00 1 Toxicology13825108 112485 1 12 2 Human and Animal Genetics21236173 0334129 1 04 2 Human and Animal Pathology13528106 026273 0 02 3 Human and Animal Pharmacology31654257 2568182 1 14 3 Human and Animal Physiology27570203 0455144 1 25 1 Zoology, Other1002079 07067 0 04 1 Biological Sciences, General29156200 1265151 2 23 10 Biological Sciences, Other13823109 016085 1 15 1 HEALTH SCIENCES1,3242671,016 48949822 7 625 14 Sceech-Lang. Pathology & Audiology941477 03464 2 04 0 Environmental Health581640 04131 0 00 4 Health Systems/Services Admin.601049 04636 1 02 0 Public Health15627123 19699 0 24 2 Epidemiology14938107 113186 0 05 1 Exercise Physiology/Sci., Kinesiology1051687 03476 0 13 0 Nursing35433316 11016282 2 22 1 Pharmacy1455983 026445 2 11 4 Rehabilitation/Therapeutic Services26323 00121 0 01 0 Veterinary Medicine652242 07232 0 01 0 Health Sciences, General22215 11211 0 00 0 Heals Sciences, Over902754 09239 0 02 2 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES1,208533650 69027503 4 29 9 Agricultural Economics1699172 19158 0 02 1 Agricultural Business & Management202 0011 0 00 0 Animal Breeding and Genetics1275 O005 0 00 0 Animal Nutrition541539 11234 1 00 0 Dairy Science927 0007 0 00 0 Poultry Science1247 0205 0 00 0 Fisheries Science and Management461429 10027 0 01 0 Animal Sciences, Other903749 03042 1 20 1 Agronomy and Crop Science1105752 06441 1 00 0 Plant Breeding and Genetics633231 03028 0 00 0 Plant Pathology904742 06231 1 02 0 Plant Sciences, Over21615 01212 0 00 0 Food Engineering725 0302 0 00 0 Food Sciences, Aver1427070 020544 0 00 1 Soil Chemistry/Microbiology291415 0338 0 00 1 Soil Sciences. Over783443 014128 0 00 0 Horticulture Science733239 16128 0 02 1

70 APPENDIX TABLE A-2 (Continued) U.S. Citizens and Non-U.S. with Permanent Visas Non-U.S. Citizens Mex-Other TotalTemp. American Puerto leanHis- Unkn Subfield of Doctorate Doctorates* VisasTotal Indian Asian Black White Rican Amer. panic Race Forest Biology 19 10 9 0108 0 0 0 0 Forest Management 22 12 10 0206 0 0 1 1 Wood Sci. and Pulp/Paper Tech. 18 9 9 0503 0 0 0 1 Conservation/Renewable Nat. Res. 13 5 8 0115 0 0 0 1 Forestry and Related Sci., Other 56 18 35 11033 0 0 0 0 Wildlife/Range Management 64 9 54 13246 0 0 1 1 Agricultural Sciences, General 5 3 2 0011 0 0 0 0 Agricultural Sciences, Other 4 3 1 0010 0 0 0 0 SOCIAL SCIENCES (lNCL PSYCH.) 6.814 1~006 5.599 38 353 275 4~617 60 56 141 59 Anthropology 396 53 325 5 16 5 278 2 3 7 9 Area Studies 28 7 18 0 2 3 10 0 0 1 2 Criminology 60 5 54 1 2 4 44 1 0 1 1 Demograp~y/Population Studies 11 8 3 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 Economics 979 424 518 0 88 19 384 1 2 15 9 Econometrics 29 11 18 0 6 2 10 0 0 0 0 Geography 165 26 136 1 8 0 125 1 0 1 0 Human7Individual& Family Develop. 151 22 121 0 5 8 105 0 1 1 1 International Relations/Affairs 99 20 77 0 6 9 57 0 0 2 3 Political Science and Government 621 83 506 3 31 35 407 3 6 13 8 Public Policy Analysis 104 25 79 0 4 8 63 0 1 1 2 Sociology 516 79 420 7 44 25 324 3 4 6 7 Statistics 48 22 23 1 8 0 14 0 0 0 0 Urban Affairs/Studies 106 36 67 1 5 7 53 0 0 1 0 Social Sciences, General 26 5 18 0 1 0 16 0 0 1 0 Social Sciences, Other 135 21 111 1 8 4 88 1 2 5 2 PSYCHOLOGY 3,340 159 3,105 18 119 146 2,636 48 37 86 15 Clinical 1,325 32 1,279 8 34 74 1,088 11 14 46 4 Cognitive and Psycholinguistics 128 25 102 0 3 0 93 0 2 0 4 Comparative 3 0 3 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 Counseling 464 12 444 4 14 26 377 1 6 14 2 Developmental and Child 188 9 178 0 12 10 144 2 3 7 0 Experimental 128 13 114 1 5 1 107 0 0 0 0 Educational 92 7 83 0 4 4 71 1 1 2 0 Family and Marriage Counseling 52 6 45 0 2 2 41 0 0 0 0 Industrial and Organizational 162 5 156 2 7 4 128 10 1 4 0 Personality 24 1 23 1 1 1 18 2 0 0 0 Physiolog~cal/Psychobiology 80 5 75 0 6 1 59 2 4 2 1 Psychometrics 11 4 7 0 1 0 6 0 0 0 0 Quantitative 19 5 14 0 2 0 11 1 0 0 0 S-chool 82 0 82 0 3 2 71 2 1 2 1 Social 170 12 158 0 8 6 137 3 1 3 0 Psychology, General 279 14 223 2 14 11 175 11 2 5 3 Psychology, Other 133 9 119 0 3 4 107 2 2 1 0 HUMANITIES 5,116 649 4 312 21 219 131 3.707 39 43 100 52 History, American 355 11 340 4 7 16 298 0 5 5 5 History, Asian 54 11 43 0 14 0 27 1 1 0 0 History European 187 11 176 0 1 2 168 0 1 3 1 HistoryiPhilosonhyof Sci. & Tech. 37 5 29 0 0 1 27 0 0 1 0 History, General 101 7 77 0 2 3 60 1 1 1 9 History, Other 123 26 97 0 1 3 84 1 3 3 2 Classics 72 9 63 0 4 0 58 0 0 0 1 Comparative Literature 164 36 124 0 13 0 100 1 2 5 3 Linguistics 230 107 118 1 20 4 88 1 0 3 1 Speech and Rhetorical Studies 155 7 148 2 3 4 137 0 0 0 2 Letters, General 28 2 25 0 1 0 22 1 1 0 0 Letters, Other 61 3 57 0 0 2 52 3 0 0 0 American Studies 115 9 105 2 7 7 85 0 2 0 2 Archeology 21 6 15 0 1 0 13 0 0 1 0 Art History/Criticism/Conservation 176 13 159 0 8 2 143 1 1 4 0 Music 699 107 561 5 45 12 490 0 2 5 2 Philosophy 369 46 294 0 12 6 261 8 0 2 5 Religion 317 26 288 0 13 11 259 1 1 2 1 Drama/Theater Arts 103 8 94 1 2 5 84 1 0 0 1 LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE 1,618 177 1,402 6 61 43 1,176 19 22 61 14 American 314 19 294 3 6 14 261 0 6 3 1 English 699 48 630 3 20 23 562 1 5 7 9 French 142 25 117 0 6 2 107 0 0 1 1 German 88 18 69 0 2 0 64 0 0 0 3 Italian 24 3 20 0 0 1 18 0 1 0 0 Spanish 196 34 158 0 4 3 77 15 10 49 0 Russian 37 6 31 0 0 0 31 0 0 0 0 Slavic 11 2 8 0 0 0 8 0 0 0 0 Chinese 29 6 23 0 17 0 6 0 0 0 0 Japanese 10 1 9 0 3 0 6 0 0 0 0 Hebrew 12 3 9 0 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 Arabic 6 3 3 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 Other Language and Literature 50 9 31 0 3 0 24 3 0 1 0 Humanities, General 39 4 24 0 2 1 19 0 0 1 1 Humanities, Other 92 18 73 0 2 9 56 0 1 3 2 NOTE: Field groupings may differ from those in reports published by federal sponsors of the Survey of Earned Doctorates. See inside the back cover for a description of fields as reported in this table. Refer also to the explanatory note about this table in front of Appendix A. *Includes individuals who did not report their citizenship at time of doctorate.

71 APPENDIX TABLE A-2 (Continued) U.S. Citizens and Non-U.S. win Permanent Visas Non-U.S. Citizens Mex- Other TotalTemp. American Puerto lean His- Unkn. Subfield of Doctorate Doctorates* VisasTotal Indian Asian Black White Rican Amer. panic Race EDUCATION 6.772 477 6.062 60 1856094.940 51 79 87 51 Curriculum and Instruction 896 72 796 10 2168645 16 6 18 12 Educational Admin. and Supervision 1,170 43 1,079 12 19146855 6 20 15 6 Educational Leadership 989 28 948 14 20105776 5 16 9 3 Educ./Instruct. Media Design 107 15 90 3 4970 2 0 1 1 Educ. Stat./ResearchMelhods 76 13 63 1 11544 0 0 1 1 Educ. Assess., Test., & Meas. 32 7 23 0 3020 0 0 0 0 Educational Psychology 309 27 275 3 1118229 1 8 1 4 School Psychology 114 1 112 1 14104 1 1 0 0 Social/Phd. Found. of Educ. 125 11 109 0 71487 0 0 1 0 Special Education 278 22 250 1 726203 3 5 5 0 Counseling Educ./Couns. & Guidance 277 14 258 2 419224 3 0 6 0 Higher E~uc./Evaluation& Research 481 27 446 0 1152364 3 8 4 4 Pre-elementary/Early Childhood 81 11 70 0 61054 0 0 0 0 Elementary Education 46 2 43 1 1437 0 0 0 0 Secondary Education 34 2 32 1 1325 0 0 2 0 Adult and Continuing Education 210 20 182 2 220150 0 5 1 2 TEACHrNG FIELDS 863 113 731 4 3644617 7 5 14 4 Agricultural Education 32 7 23 1 1414 1 0 1 1 Art Education 41 5 36 0 0628 0 0 1 1 Business Education 20 4 16 0 1213 0 0 0 0 English Education 57 4 S3 0 4443 1 0 0 1 Foreign Languages Education 44 19 25 0 6113 0 1 3 1 HealtfiEducation 90 9 74 1 4462 0 1 2 0 Home Economics Education 13 5 8 0 116 0 0 0 0 Technical/IndustrialArts Education 11 0 11 0 019 0 0 1 0 Mathematics Education 100 10 90 0 1478 3 1 3 0 Music Education i 91 6 84 0 4376 1 0 0 0 Nursing Education 23 0 22 0 1120 0 0 0 0 Physical Education and Coaching 101 14 85 0 6474 0 0 1 0 Reading Education 66 6 58 0 1252 1 1 1 0 Science Education 96 13 82 1 2573 0 0 1 0 Social Science Education 12 3 9 0 009 0 0 0 0 Technical Education 24 3 18 0 1115 0 1 0 0 Trade and Industrial Education 12 4 8 0 206 0 0 0 0 Teacher Ed./Spec. Acad. & Voc., Other 30 1 29 1 1126 0 0 0 0 Education, General 353 24 260 4 831199 3 2 1 12 Education, Other 331 25 295 1 1231237 1 3 8 2 PROFESSIONAL/OTHER FIELDS 2.478 561 1.834 10 1461101~494 13 20 23 18 BUSINESS AND MANAGEMENT 1,276 338 897 4 9539731 4 7 12 5 Accounting 156 32 122 0 62108 0 0 4 2 Banking/Fnancial Support Services 114 39 74 0 18155 0 0 0 0 Business Admin. and~Management 393 93 276 3 2217228 2 1 3 0 Business/Managerial Economics 38 11 26 0 3021 0 0 1 1 International Business 36 17 19 0 4114 0 0 0 0 Mgmt. Info. Sys./Bus. Data Proc. 94 29 64 0 9152 0 1 1 0 Marketing Management and Research 153 45 107 0 11487 1 2 1 1 Operations Research 64 30 31 0 4223 0 2 0 0 Organizational Behavior 108 19 89 1 4577 1 0 1 0 Bus. Mgmt./Admin. Serv. General 67 17 46 0 6 4 35 0 1 0 0 Bus. Mgmt./Admin. Serv. Other 53 6 43 0 8 2 31 0 0 1 1 COMMUNICATIONS 389 77 302 0 19 24 247 1 4 0 7 Communications Research 60 7 53 0 1 2 48 0 0 0 2 Mass Communications 137 34 100 0 7 7 84 0 1 0 1 Communication Theory 37 4 33 0 0 1 29 0 3 0 0 Communications General 81 13 63 0 7 3 51 0 0 0 2 Communications Other 74 19 53 0 4 11 35 1 0 0 2 OTHER PROFESSIONAL FIELDS 774 137 612 6 29 45 498 8 9 11 6 Architectural Environmental Design 61 28 31 1 2 0 27 0 0 0 1 Home Economics 28 6 22 0 2 1 17 1 1 0 0 Law 26 11 11 0 0 2 7 1 0 1 0 Librarv Science 49 5 44 0 4 1 35 1 0 0 3 Parks/kecreation/Leisure/Fitness 29 6 22 0 4 1 17 0 0 0 0 Public Administration 104 19 81 1 5 7 65 0 2 1 0 Social Work 256 23 227 2 6 21 181 3 5 7 2 Theology/Religious Education 213 36 170 2 6 12 146 1 1 2 0 Profess~onalF'elds General 2 1 1 0 O 0 0 1 0 0 0 Professional Fields Over 6 2 3 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 OTHER FIELDS 39 9 23 0 3 2 18 0 0 0 0 - SOURCE: National Research Council, Survey of Earned Doctorates.

72 APPENDIX TABLE A-3 Statistical Profile of Doctorate Recipients, by Major Field, 1996 Total All Doctorates ._ . ~ 0 u, ,c~ Number in Field % Men Women U.S. Citizenship % Non-U.S., Permanent Visa Non-U.S., Temporary Visa Unknown Married Not Married Unknown Median Age at Doct.* Percent with Bacc. in Same Field as Doctorate Percent with Masters Median Time Lapse from Bacc. to Doct.* Total Time Registered Time Postdoctoral Study Plans Fellowship Research Assoc. Traineeshin Other Study Planned Employment After Doctorate Educ. Institutiont Industry/Business Government Nonprofit Other & Unknown Postdoc. Plans Unknown Definite Postdoc. Study Seeking Postdoc. Study Defunte Employment Seeking Employment Employment Commitnents After Doctorate Primary Activity: R &-D Teaching Administration Prof. Services Other Secondary Activity R & D Teaching Administration Prof. Services Other No Secondary Activity Activity(ies) Unknown Region of Employment After Doctorate§ New England Middle Atlantic East No. Central West No. Central South Atlantic East So. Central West So. Central Mountain Pacific & Insular U.S.? Region Unknown Foreign Region Unknown . NOTE: Field groupings may differ from those in reports published by federal sponsors of the Survey of Earned Doctorates. See inside Me back cover for a description of fields as reported in this table. Physical Sciences includes Mathematics and Computer Sciences, as well as Physics/Astronomy, Chemistry, and Fard~/Atmo~pheric/Marine Sciences. Refer also to the explanatory note for this table. *The method of median computation has been revised. see page 62 for more Information. fIncludes 2-Year, 4-year, and foreign colleges and universities, medical schools, and elementary/secondary schools. Includes orgy recipients with definite employment plans. Includes only recipients with definite employment plans. See Table A-3 explanatory note for regional definitions. ~$ 6 E s s s = s Z s A ~_ ~ Total s,¢ ; r ~3 ~ 33 i3 0 , c ~ c 42,415 1,677 2,148 60.0 86.0 71.8 40.0 14.0 28.2 65.4 53.5 8.9 11.9 22.7 31.2 3.1 3.4 % 56.8 34.8 8.4 Yrs 33.8 % % 77.2 % % 65.1 36.3 16.7 4.7 3.5 4.0 8.8 18.0 8.0 43.2 21.9 8,327 29.4 37.7 12.9 13.0 3.6 30.9 17.2 13.0 11.3 3.2 21.1 % 3.4 % 6.0 13.5 13.5 6.9 15.7 4.5 8.5 5.7 13.0 1.2 11.4 0.2 50.2 42.8 7.0 30.5 54.8 72.6 68.0 10.8 7.8 7.2 6.8 26.1 51.9 13.0 19.9 9.9 29.0 1.0 0.7 2.2 2.3 39.3 9.5 22.8 2.7 0.9 3.3 8.8 37.9 14.0 21.8 17.5 366 57.7 19.9 2.7 11.2 5.5 25.4 8.2 19.9 9.8 2.2 31.4 3.0 5.7 14.8 12.0 3.8 13.4 2.7 5.7 9.3 22.1 0.8 9.6 0.0 54.4 13.6 28.5 3.4 53.8 38.0 8.2 30.0 74.3 43.2 807 1,122 921 6.675 6.305 78.3 79.4 21.7 20.6 58.4 43.5 12.0 14.1 25.8 39.3 3.8 3.1 60.5 52.4 32.1 39.4 7.4 8.2 33.8 30.9 50.7 69.7 78.6 76.0 84.9 79.3 15.1 20.7 45.7 51.6 10.0 12.6 40.8 32.4 3.5 3.4 56.0 53.8 35.0 38.3 9.0 7.9 32.7 31.1 40.5 65.6 87.0 65.3 87.7 60.1 12.3 39.9 41.1 53.8 12.6 18.0 43.1 26.3 3.3 1.9 59.5 55.0 33.5 39.5 7.1 5.4 31.7 80.2 86.0 794 4,929 5,723 1,324 1,208 8,255 57.4 57.8 42.6 42.2 63.3 13.7 20.9 2.1 62.0 14.3 21.7 2.1 56.1 55.9 38.2 38.4 5.7 5.7 30.4 31.7 26.1 52.2 35.6 45.8 31.5 48.6 44 4 . 35.0 65.0 70.5 6.3 20.2 3.1 58.2 32.0 9.8 38.5 46.7 82.6 73.6 56.5 26.4 43~5 44.2 60.7 9.6 12.3 44.1 24.7 2.1 2.2 65.0 57.6 26.7 35.7 8.3 6.7 34.3 32.5 54.6 49.2 86.4 56.6 7 2 11.0 8.3 10.0 8.3 9.0 7.9 8.9 8.7 14.3 11.4 9.6 6 0 7.6 6.7 7.2 6.7 6.4 6.6 7.0 6.9 7.8 6.7 7.0 52.0 46.0 30.0 16.2 42.6 21.9 80.5 70.8 72.1 19.0 32.2 57.8 23 6 20.0 14.8 6.2 18.3 7.0 49.9 41.7 42.8 10.8 9.6 32.8 26 9 24.4 10.1 8.7 21.8 13.0 22.8 19.9 20.3 5.4 21.0 18.0 0.4 0.7 2.4 0.7 0.9 0.9 1.0 2.2 2.0 0.5 0.6 1.6 1.2 0.9 2.8 0.7 1.6 1.0 6.8 7.1 7.0 2.2 1.0 5.4 39 2 45.5 61.2 75.4 48.7 69.6 13.6 23.3 22.0 71.1 59.3 35.3 9 2 15.9 38.0 25.5 17.2 13.3 3.7 10.9 9.9 43.2 22.8 17.1 25.8 16.7 16.9 42.2 24.7 46.0 7.4 6.1 6.3 10.5 16.6 8.5 1.4 8.1 2.1 3.6 3.0 6.3 1.3 3.0 2.7 7.3 12.6 4.9 0.3 1.2 0.5 1.2 0.7 1.0 0.4 1.2 1.1 6.4 2.1 2.1 2 4 3.6 3.7 2.8 3.0 3.0 0.9 2.2 2.0 3.8 5.1 2.7 8 8 8.6 8.7 8.5 8.7 8.4 5.9 5.9 5.9 9.9 8.5 6.9 39.6 28.9 19.3 11.7 30.6 12.9 61.2 53.2 54.3 13.0 18.0 42.4 12 4 17.1 10.7 4.5 12.0 9.0 19.3 17.5 17.8 6.0 14.2 15.4 25 5 29.6 37.7 53.1 30.9 44.7 7.4 14.4 13.5 50.5 36.9 22.8 13.6 15.9 23.5 22.3 17.7 24.9 6.2 8.9 8.5 20.6 22.4 12.5 548 239 423 489 2.065 2.821 59 711 770 669 446 1,885 65.0 46.4 34.8 63.4 55.0 69.5 59.3 45.3 46.4 30.8 53.6 42.5 22.1 23.0 48.0 22.3 27.2 11.9 13.6 28.0 26.9 42.9 21.7 31.4 2 0 4.6 1.4 2.2 2.4 2.0 1.7 3.7 3.5 11.7 4.9 6.7 6 2 17 6 8.5 5.5 8.7 9.4 16.9 14.3 14.5 10.9 10.5 12.3 2 9 3 8 2.8 2.9 3.4 4.2 3.4 4.5 4.4 1.9 5.2 3.7 19.2 32.6 46.8 23.5 28.5 17.7 20.3 27.7 27.1 36.6 26.7 30.4 4.9 14.6 17.3 17.6 12.2 13.2 15.3 17.7 17.5 20.2 17.3 18.4 22 6 12.6 5.4 11.7 14.9 17.2 16.9 13.5 13.8 13.9 14.3 14.0 14 8 11.3 8.7 10.6 11.3 13.7 6.8 10.8 10.5 14.6 13.2 12.6 2.7 2.9 1.9 1.6 2.2 3.7 0.0 3.0 2.7 2.1 3.1 2.6 33.9 21.3 15.4 31.3 27.6 31.5 35.6 23.1 24.0 10.8 21.3 18.7 1.8 4.6 4.5 3.7 3.3 2.9 5.1 4.2 4.3 1.8 4.0 3.3 7.5 4.6 8.5 6.5 6.8 5.7 6.8 7.5 7.4 4.6 2.5 5.3 17.9 5.4 14.4 18.0 15.2 14.0 25.4 10.4 11.6 13.2 4.9 10.6 20.6 7.9 14.2 8.0 13.3 12.9 6.8 13.5 13.0 13.0 9.2 12.1 5 5 5 4 8.3 5.5 5.8 3.8 1.7 5.5 5.2 5.8 11.0 6.8 15 7 15 5 13.7 12.7 14.1 10.6 18.6 16.2 16.4 20.0 13.7 17.0 3.6 2.5 4.5 1.0 2.9 2.1 0.0 5.2 4.8 6.0 3.4 4.9 6.4 14.6 6.4 5.3 7.0 9.0 5.1 6.3 6.2 8.4 6.1 6.9 3.3 10.0 5.7 3.5 5.7 5.6 1.7 5.1 4.8 5.5 4.7 5.0 11 3 16.3 12.3 26.0 17.5 21.1 15.3 12.8 13.0 10.6 8.1 11.0 1 1 0 0 0.2 1 2 0.8 1.2 5.1 1.7 1.9 0.3 0.7 1.1 6 9 16 7 10.9 12 3 10.6 14.0 13.6 15.8 15.6 12.4 35.7 19.2 0.2 0.8 0.9 0.0 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2

73 AiPPENDEK TABLE A-3 (Continued) ~4 o o :^ PI 3,340 1,008 33.9 77.6 66.1 22.4 90.1 2.8 4.8 2.3 50.2 54.6 39.9 38.0 9.9 7.4 33.2 912 46.5 53.5 42.9 73.4 10.3 8.3 43.2 14.5 3.7 3.8 56.1 35.4 8.4 32.1 35.8 720 69.7 30.3 72.2 8.8 14.3 4.7 54.3 35.3 10.4 33.7 :,, SO EVE ~3~3° E E ,, E ran _ 0 e -E Z :F a E O E FEZ 834 6.814 55.0 48.4 45.0 51.6 67.6 76.2 7.9 5.9 21.2 14.8 3.2 3.1 57.4 52.9 31.3 37.5 11.3 9.6 36.8 33.7 28~049 857 67.0 58.7 33.0 41.3 57.9 84.1 10.9 4.8 28.2 8.3 3.0 2.8 57.1 35.5 7.5 56.0 36.2 7.8 32.2 34.8 1,013 39.4 60.6 87.4 3.8 6.6 2.2 51.9 40.7 7.4 35.3 605 39.7 60.3 60.0 19.0 18.2 2.8 52.2 40.7 7.1 34.4 2,641 54.1 45.9 75.4 6.0 15.2 3.5 51.5 39.3 9.2 35.4 5~116 6.772 50.3 38.3 49.7 61.7 77.4 86.6 6.9 2.9 12.7 7.0 3.0 3.4 52.6 61.9 39.1 27.5 8.3 10.6 35.2 44.3 1,276 70.2 29.8 62.9 7.4 26.5 3.2 61.0 28.9 10.1 36.4 1,163 39 2~478 14,366 52.4 51.3 61.5 46.6 47.6 48.7 38.5 53.4 72.8 67.4 80.0 5.8 6.6 5.0 18.4 22.6 11.7 3.0 3.3 3.3 60.3 60.2 58.3 30.9 29.8 32.0 8.9 10.0 9.7 39.6 37.9 39.9 63.1 57.8 44.7 49.7 21.7 53.4 61.1 55.2 65.6 49.8 53.5 55.8 36.1 35.1 30.3 32.4 42.5 78.8 75.5 88.6 83.3 88.4 81.3 71.3 87.6 87.8 87.8 85.8 86.7 90.9 83.1 92.9 87.4 88.8 9.5 9.4 12.2 10.5 12.9 10.3 9.3 11.5 11.5 11.0 12.0 11.8 20.2 12.7 15.5 13.8 15.5 7.2 6.8 8.6 7.7 7.8 7.4 6.9 8.6 8.3 8.0 8.4 8.3 8.2 7.3 8.0 7.5 8.1 27.6 9.2 15.0 10.4 11.8 19.5 36.8 8.9 6.4 7.3 7.8 7.6 3.4 3 4 5 1 4 3 5 1 18.7 3.6 8.1 5.8 5.6 12.1 18.5 5.8 3.9 2.5 4.1 4.2 1.2 1 2 2 3 1 8 2 4 4.4 3.9 4.7 2.6 4.2 4.2 14.4 0.9 0.5 1.0 1.1 0.9 1.1 1.2 0.9 1.2 1.1 2.6 0.7 0.4 0.4 0.5 1.5 1.3 0.2 0.4 0.8 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.8 0.4 0.4 2.0 1.1 1.8 1.5 1.4 1.7 2.6 1.9 1.6 3.0 2.2 2.1 0.8 0.9 1.0 0.9 1.3 62.4 82.9 76.0 78.2 77.6 70.8 54.8 82.5 85.8 85.1 82.5 83.5 86.3 86.1 86.8 85.9 85.2 24.0 47.0 51.8 54.2 49.4 37.4 21.2 64.8 71.9 77.0 61.3 65.9 67.8 64.7 54.9 59.5 65.7 14.9 14.1 6.9 5.6 9.7 12.1 21.7 5.1 5.2 2.1 6.2 5.4 6.1 15.3 10.2 13.0 7.0 6.6 11.1 4.5 6.1 7.2 7.0 5.3 2.1 0.5 1.0 1.1 1.1 5.2 2 4 5 0 3 6 3 5 11.1 2.9 4.9 4.2 5.2 7.6 2.9 2.8 1.2 0.8 8.3 5.1 3.8 1 1 11 6 6 1 4 6 5.8 7.8 7.9 8.2 6.1 6.7 3.8 7.7 7.0 4.1 5.6 6.0 3.5 2.5 5.0 3.8 4.5 10.0 7.8 9.0 11.4 10.7 9.8 8.4 8.6 7.8 7.6 9.7 8.9 10.3 10.6 8.2 9.8 9.7 20.5 4.9 9.2 4.9 6.1 13.3 25.9 5.8 3.4 3.8 3.8 4.0 1.8 1.8 2.8 2.4 2.7 7.1 4.4 5.8 5.6 5.6 6.2 10.9 3.0 3.1 3.5 4.0 3.6 1.6 1.6 2.3 1.9 2.4 40.7 58.9 43.2 48.5 51.0 45.8 35.3 46.3 49.5 54.9 49.3 49.5 64.1 64.5 62.3 62.9 58.7 21.7 24.0 32.8 29.7 26.6 25.0 19.6 36.2 36.3 30.2 33.2 34.0 22.2 21.6 24.4 23.0 26.5 1,359 594 394 349 425 3,121 9.892 397 501 332 1,302 2~532 4~344 823 725 1~559 8~435 14.9 47.6 28.9 18.3 28.0 25.1 47.3 6.8 3.8 7.8 7.8 6.9 5.6 27.9 9.0 19 0 8 5 20.7 31.6 49.5 58.7 46.8 34.2 25.8 76.3 82.0 84.6 67.3 73.9 38.1 52 9 54.9 53 7 51 7 5.6 3.0 4.8 8.0 8.9 5.7 4.2 3.3 4.0 2.1 6.1 4.7 39.3 6 0 11.3 8 5 23 2 54.1 7.9 9.4 4.6 10.1 28.1 15.7 4.3 3.6 1.2 9.3 6.3 11.2 6.0 16.7 11.0 9.7 2.6 5.1 3.0 4.3 3.3 3.4 3.7 4.3 2.0 1.5 6.1 4.4 2.3 3.8 5.1 4.6 3.4 28.0 35.2 46.7 47.3 42.8 35.9 28.1 60.2 49.7 59.0 41.1 48.1 22.5 46 5 40 0 43 4 34 1 18.4 25.8 20.8 17.8 19.8 20.2 16.2 6.5 7.6 8.7 15.4 11.6 20.4 27 8 19 6 23 8 18 4 14.6 8.4 11.7 8.0 9.2 11.6 14.3 6.5 11.2 9.3 13.1 11.2 12.8 5.6 10.5 7.9 11.4 10.2 7.2 3.3 4.0 9.6 8.0 11.2 3.8 4.8 3.6 7.8 6.0 15.7 5.7 10.3 8.0 11.4 4.1 2.9 1.8 2.3 2.4 3.1 3.0 2.0 4.2 3.3 6.7 5.0 2.9 1.8 2.9 2 4 3 4 22.5 15.8 11.4 14.6 13.4 17.7 23.9 15.9 18.0 13.3 12.5 14.2 22.1 9.0 13.7 11 4 17 8 2.1 4.7 4.3 6.0 2.8 3.4 3.3 5.0 4.6 2.7 3.4 3.8 3.5 3.5 3.0 3.3 3.5 5.6 4.7 8.4 8.6 7.8 6.4 6.1 8.3 7.6 12.3 7.3 8.2 4.4 8.1 5.2 6.7 6.0 19.8 10.9 12.9 13.5 10.6 15.3 14.0 14.6 16.6 13.3 12.7 13.9 12 2 11 7 14 3 12 9 12 8 14.1 9.3 14.0 13.8 13.6 13.0 12.9 15.6 13.4 16.3 13.9 14.4 14 7 13 2 11 7 12 4 14 2 8.1 3.2 5.8 3.7 4.7 5.9 5.4 7.8 8.2 7.5 9.2 8.6 9.1 5.8 7.7 6.7 8.5 14.7 22.2 14.7 21.5 17.2 17.2 14.7 16.4 16.2 16.6 14.0 15.1 18.7 16.3 13.2 14.9 16.9 4.1 2.2 3.6 4.0 5.6 3.9 3.4 5.0 6.6 4.2 4.1 4.8 6.7 5 2 5.1 5 1 5 8 9.3 4.9 7.4 8.0 7.3 7.S 7.8 6.8 7.8 6.0 8.8 7.9 9.9 10 3 10.9 10 5 9 4 7.1 3.2 6.6 4.6 7.1 6.0 5.6 5.3 4.2 5.4 4.9 4.9 6.7 4.5 5.7 5.0 5.9 12.4 7.9 12.2 7.7 1 1.3 10.9 15.2 1 1.8 1 1.6 10.5 10.8 1 1.1 10.8 9.5 7.9 8.7 10.5 1.5 1.2 0.8 1.4 0.7 1.2 1.1 1.8 2.4 0.6 1.5 1.6 1.3 0.5 1.4 1.0 1.3 3.3 30.3 13.2 13.2 13.9 12.2 13.7 6.3 5.6 7.2 12.4 9.4 5.5 148 16.6 15 8 86 0.1 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.2 0.! 0.2 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0 0.3 0 1 0 2 Statistics are not presented for this group because too few records contained the specific data.

74 APPENDIX TABLE A-3 (Continued) Doctorates: Men .c ~Z - Y 2 s E y #A 3 , Y A, 2 `, To ;., ~Y s ~2 ~3 C j y ~C ~ c TotalMen 2S,470 1,443 1,543 632 891 782 S.291 5.S29 477 2,831 3,308 463 889 4,660 Men as a Percent of Total Doctorates % 60.0 86.0 71.8 78.3 79.4 84.9 79.3 87.7 60.1 57.4 57.8 35.0 73.6 56.5 U.S. Citizenship % 57.7 53.1 54.1 56.2 43.0 44.0 50.7 39.4 56.4 59.8 59.3 53.3 42.6 55.5 Non-U.S., Permanent Visa 9.7 11.2 12.1 12.8 13.2 10.0 11.8 12.4 16.4 13.6 14.0 9.7 9.0 12.6 Non-U.S., Temporary Visa 29.0 32.1 30.1 27.1 40.2 42.8 33.9 45.0 25.6 23.9 24.2 32.6 46.2 29.2 Unknown 3.5 3.6 3.6 4.0 3.6 3.2 3.6 3.3 1.7 2.7 2.6 4.3 2.1 2.7 Married % 59.8 50.9 55.3 62.8 52.5 57.7 54.9 60.0 57.4 58.9 58.7 62.2 70.5 61.3 Not Marned 31.9 42.1 36.4 29.4 39.4 33.9 37.3 33.0 37.5 35.0 35.3 26.8 22.0 32.0 Unknown 8.4 6.9 8.3 7.8 8.1 8.4 7.8 7.0 5.0 6.1 6.0 11.0 7.4 6.8 Median Age at Doctorate* Yrs 33.2 30.6 30.3 33.9 31.0 32.7 31.2 31.8 30.9 32.0 31.8 35.1 34.6 32.5 Percent with Bacc. in Same Field as Doctorate % 57.6 72.3 75.3 52.2 69.0 41.6 65.7 80.9 25.8 49.8 46.3 29.6 59.1 47.1 Percent with Masters % 76.2 66.8 44.7 79.6 75.5 86.7 66.3 86.6 35.0 47.9 46.1 73.7 87.2 56.7 Median Time Lapse from Bacc. to Doct.* Total Time Yrs 10.2 7.8 7.4 11.0 8.4 10.0 8.5 9.1 8.0 9.0 8.9 11.4 11.5 9.5 Registered Time 7.0 6.8 6.1 7.6 6.9 7.2 6.8 6.5 6.7 7.0 7.0 7.6 6.7 6.9 Postdoctoral Study Plans % 28.2 52.3 54.4 43.8 29.7 16.4 42.8 21.8 81.1 70.2 71.8 25.3 32.4 59.6 Fellowship 13.1 19.2 24.0 19.5 14.8 6.0 18.0 6.9 51.8 39.0 40.9 14.3 9.0 32.1 Research Assoc. 11.9 30.1 28.7 22.8 9.2 9.1 22.2 13.1 21.0 20.8 20.8 6.9 21.9 19.7 Traineeship 1.0 0.8 0.4 0.5 2.6 G.6 0.9 0.9 0.8 2.6 2.3 1.1 0.7 1.9 Other Study 2.2 2.1 1.3 1.1 3.1 0.6 1.7 0.9 7.5 7.8 7.7 3.0 0.8 5.9 Planned Employment After Doctorate % 62.8 38.9 37.1 47.2 61.5 75.4 48.6 69.8 13.2 23.2 21.8 63.1 60.3 33.2 Educ. InstitutionT 30.8 8.9 8.0 16.3 37.8 23.7 16.6 12.7 4.2 10.7 9.7 33.3 22.9 14.6 Industry/Business 20.6 23.1 25.4 17.9 17.4 44.1 25.3 46.6 6.7 6.6 6.6 12.7 16.9 9.2 Government 5.2 2.8 1.5 8.4 2.2 4.1 3.2 6.5 1.3 3.3 3.0 10.6 13.3 5.7 Nonprofit 2.9 0.9 0.1 1.3 0.6 1.0 0.7 1.0 0.4 1.3 1.2 4.1 2.0 1.6 Other & Unknown 3.3 3.1 2.1 3.3 3.5 2.6 2.8 3.0 0.6 1.4 1.3 2.4 5.2 2.1 Postdoc. Plans Unknown % 9.0 8.9 8.4 9.0 8.8 8.2 8.6 8.4 5.7 6.6 6.4 11.7 7.3 7.1 Definite Postdoc. Study % 19.5 37.8 42.5 27.8 18.9 12.3 31.0 12.8 62.1 53.9 55.1 17.3 17.7 44.2 Seeking Postdoc. Study 8.6 14.4 11.9 16.0 10.9 4.1 11.8 9.1 19.1 16.2 16.7 8.0 14.7 15.4 Definite Employment 41.6 21.1 23.7 31.0 37.4 53.3 30.5 44.9 7.8 15.0 14.0 47.1 38.2 21.9 Seeking Employment 21.2 17.8 13.5 16.1 24.1 22.1 18.0 24.9 5.5 8.2 7.8 16.0 22.0 11.4 Employment Comn~tments After Doctorate 10,594 304 365 196 333 417 L615 2~2 37 425 "2 218 340 1.020 Primarv Work Activityt R & D % 37.8 59.2 67.1 48.5 36.3 65.7 56.7 70.0 62.2 48.5 49.6 45.0 54.4 50.2 Teaching 32.5 17.8 20.3 21.4 46.5 19.7 25.2 11.3 10.8 24.9 23.8 30.3 20.3 24.0 Administration 10.7 2.6 2.5 4.1 1.5 1.7 2.3 2.2 0.0 3.3 3.0 7.3 4.7 4.5 Prof. Services 11.3 11.8 5.5 16.8 8.1 6.5 8.9 9.3 18.9 15.3 15.6 12.8 12.1 13.8 Other 4.0 5.3 3.3 4.1 3.0 3.1 3.7 4.1 5.4 3.5 3.7 2.3 4.4 3.6 Secondary Activity R & D % 29.0 23.7 18.4 32.1 45.0 22.5 27.6 17.4 16.2 26.8 26.0 31.7 25.9 27.2 Teaching 17 2 7.9 4.7 14.8 19.2 17.5 12.8 12.9 21.6 19.3 19.5 22.0 16.5 19.0 Administration 14 0 21.1 24.4 12.2 5.4 11.5 15.0 17.7 16.2 15.1 15.2 17.9 15.9 16.0 Prof. Services 11.4 9.9 14.5 12.2 9.3 11.3 11.5 14.3 8.1 11.5 11.3 11.9 13.5 12.2 Other 2.8 2.3 2.5 2.6 1.5 1.4 2.0 3.5 0.0 2.8 2.6 0.9 3.8 2.6 No Secondary Activity 21.9 31.9 34.2 20.9 15.0 32.4 27.7 31.0 35.1 20.0 21.2 13.3 20.3 19.2 Activity(ies) Unknown ~3.7 3.3 1.4 5.1 4.5 3.4 3.3 3.1 2.7 4.5 4.3 2.3 4.1 3.8 Region of Employment After Doctorate§ New Eneland % 5.8 4.9 7.4 4.1 9.0 6.5 6.6 5.7 8.1 7.5 7.6 4.1 2.1 5.0 Middle Atlantic 12.5 15.1 17.5 4.1 14.7 18.9 15.2 13.4 18.9 9.9 10.6 11.5 4.7 8.8 East No. Central 12.7 12.2 21.4 5.1 15.3 7.2 12.8 12.7 8.1 12.7 12.3 10.1 8.5 10.6 West No. Central 6.5 3.9 5.8 5.6 8.1 5.8 5.9 3.6 2.7 5.2 5.0 7.8 11.5 7.7 South Atlantic 14.4 12.5 12.9 15.3 12.9 13.4 13.3 10.3 18.9 15.8 16.0 22.5 12.1 16.1 East So. Central 4.2 3.0 4.1 3.1 3.9 1.0 2.9 1.9 0.0 5.4 5.0 6.4 3.5 4.8 West So. Central 8.7 6.2 7.7 16.3 6.6 4.1 7.3 9.2 8.1 5.2 5.4 8.3 6.5 6.4 Mountain 5.7 9.2 2.5 10.2 4.8 3.4 5.4 5.6 2.7 4.7 4.5 2.8 5.9 4.6 Pacific & Insular 13.7 23.4 11.2 16.8 12.3 26.1 18.3 21.7 13.5 13.4 13.4 7.8 7.4 10.2 U.S. Region Unknown 1.0 0.3 0.8 0.0 0.0 1.2 0.6 1.2 5.4 1.9 2.2 0.0 0.9 1.3 Foreign 14.5 9.2 8.5 18.4 11.1 12.5 11.4 14.7 13.5 18.1 17.7 18.3 36.8 24.2 Region Unknown 0.2 0.0 0.3 1.0 1.2 0.0 0.4 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.5 0.3 0.3 NOTE: Field groupings may differ from those in reports published by federal sponsors of the Survey of Earned Doctorates. See inside the back cover for a description of fields as reported in this table. Physical Sclences includes Mathematics and Computer Sciences, as well as Physics/Astronomy, Chemistry, and Ear~/Atmospheric/Marine Sciences. Refer also to the explanatory note for this table. *The method of median computation has been revised. See page 62 for more information. Includes 2-year, 4-year, and foreign colleges and universities, medical schools, and elementary/secondary schools. Includes orgy recipients with definite employment plans. Includes only recipients with definite employment plans. See Table A-3 explanatory note for regional definitions.

75 APPENDIX TABLE A-3 (Continued) ~ahi my ~,q ~ , ~ = A ~ if I ~, c, c ~on me - ~m ~m ~or - 1~133 782424 502 459 3,300 18~780 503 399 240 1~430 ~~ ~ i' ~of- ~0 mu ME `4 2~572 2,593896 609 20 1.S25 6.690 33.9 77.6 46.5 69.7 55.0 48.4 67.0 58.7 39.4 39.7 54.1 50.3 38.3 70.2 52.4 51.3 61.5 46.6 87.5 39.8 68.2 69.3 62.3 67 4 51.5 83.1 85.5 61.2 73.4 76.0 82.9 56.2 67.5 60.6 75.2 2.3 10.5 7.8 9.8 8.1 6.9 11.3 4.6 3.8 16.2 6.1 6.4 3.4 7.6 5.9 7.0 5.4 7.5 45.5 18.6 15.7 26.4 21.8 33.9 8.9 7.8 18.8 16.4 13.8 9.3 32.4 23.0 28.6 15.5 2.7 4.2 5.4 5.2 3.3 3.9 3.3 3.4 3.0 3.8 4.1 3.8 4.4 3.8 3.6 3.9 4.0 52.4 54.7 60.6 56.6 63.0 56.1 58.2 61.6 56.1 51.2 55.6 56.5 70.4 65.4 68.6 66.4 64.1 36.5 37.6 29.0 32.3 25.9 33.7 34.0 29.8 37.6 41.2 35.2 35.1 18.3 23.3 21.0 22.5 25.7 11.1 7.7 10.4 11.2 11.1 10.2 7.7 8.5 6.3 7.5 9.2 8.5 11.3 11.3 10.3 11.1 10.2 33.5 32.3 35.9 33.7 36.5 33.8 32.2 34.2 35.0 34.0 35.4 35.0 43.7 36.3 38.8 37.2 38.4 63.5 57.2 43.4 50.2 25.9 52.2 63.2 58.4 66.4 47.1 56.2 57.3 31.0 34.5 33.3 33.7 41.7 76.6 73.8 85.4 84.3 87.4 79.7 72.2 88.1 86.5 86.2 84.6 85.7 89.9 82.3 92.1 86.0 87.4 9.5 9.4 12.4 10.4 12.5 10.3 9.2 11.0 11.4 10.7 12.0 11.5 19.3 12.5 14.6 13.2 14.2 7.3 6.8 8.5 7.6 7.9 7.4 6.8 8.4 8.0 7.9 8.3 8.3 8.3 7.3 8.0 7.5 8.0 28.0 10.1 16.5 11.0 12.6 17.5 36.4 8.7 8.3 7.9 6.7 7.5 3.5 3.0 5.4 4.1 5.1 19.1 3.8 8.7 6.6 7.0 10.5 16.9 6.0 5.0 1.7 3.5 4.0 1.2 0 9 2 0 1 3 2 3 5.1 4.2 5.4 2.4 3.7 4.3 15.7 0.8 0.3 0.8 1.1 0.9 1.2 1 3 1 5 1 5 1 2 2.1 0.9 0.2 0.6 0.2 1.1 1.2 0.4 1.0 1.2 0.3 0.5 0.4 0.2 1.0 0.5 0.5 1.7 1.2 2.1 1.4 1.7 1.6 2.5 1.6 2.0 4.2 1.8 2.0 0.7 0.6 1.0 0.7 1.2 61.4 81.5 72.4 76.3 76.7 72.0 55.1 81.7 84.2 85.4 83.4 83.4 85.2 85 6 84 7 85 0 84 5 25.1 44.5 50.5 52.0 44.9 39.8 19.0 63.0 72.7 78.3 61.0 64.8 66.8 62 9 52 1 58 1 64 0 14.7 14.3 6.6 5.8 12.2 11.9 25.2 6.0 S.3 2.1 6.2 5.6 6.4 16.6 8.2 13.4 7.7 8.1 12.1 5.2 6.6 10.7 8.8 5.8 2.4 0.5 0.4 1.3 1.3 5.8 2.9 4.9 3.7 3.6 10.0 3.2 4.2 3.8 4.8 6.0 1.9 2.6 2.0 0.8 10.1 6.5 3.7 0.8 16.1 7.0 5.5 3.5 7.3 5.9 8.2 4.1 5.5 3.2 7.8 3.8 3.8 4.8 5.1 2.6 2 3 3 4 2 9 3 6 10.6 8.4 11.1 12.7 10.7 10.5 8.5 9.5 7.5 6.7 9.9 9.1 11.3 11 4 9 9 10 9 10 4 20.6 5.2 9.9 4.8 6.5 11.2 25.4 6.2 4.3 5.4 3.7 4.4 1.9 1.8 2.8 2.2 3.0 7.4 4.9 6.6 6.2 6.1 6.3 10.9 2.6 4.0 2.5 3.0 3.0 1.5 1.2 2.6 1.8 2.2 41.2 57.3 42.7 46.6 51.2 47.4 35.6 41.7 48.4 55.4 49.6 48.4 65.7 647 622 63 1 58 5 20.2 24.2 29.7 29.7 25.5 24.5 19.5 40.0 35.8 30.0 33.8 35.0 19.5 209 225 21 9 260 467 448 181 234 235 1.565 6~682 210 193 133 709 1,245 1~704 580 379 963 3,912 16.5 46.9 32.0 20.5 31.5 29.8 54.4 8.1 4.1 7.5 7.3 7.0 4.8 29.0 8.4 20.8 9.4 22.9 30.6 49.7 55. 1 43.0 36.0 22.4 72.4 80.8 85.7 65.3 71.1 33.2 50.7 54.4 52.0 49.9 7.3 4.0 4.4 7.7 6.8 6.0 3.5 3.8 3.6 3.0 6.3 5.1 45.2 5.7 10.3 7.5 23.2 49.0 8.5 6 6 4.7 11.9 20.3 12.5 5.2 3.1 0.8 10.4 7.4 10.2 6.4 16.6 10.6 9.4 2.6 5.1 3.3 4.7 3.8 3.9 3.9 4.8 2.1 0.8 7.3 5.4 2.4 4.5 6.6 5.4 4.1 31.9 35.0 44.8 43.6 40.0 37.3 26.0 57.1 51.8 60.9 37.2 45.4 21.1 44.5 38.3 42.1 34.0 16.7 25.4 22.7 18.8 20.0 20.7 15.7 8.6 6.7 9.0 16.1 12.6 22.4 29.0 18 7 24 8 19 9 14.3 8.9 16.0 9.0 9.4 11.4 15.3 7.6 12.4 12.0 14.1 12.5 12.7 6.9 11 6 8 8 11 7 10.9 7.1 1.7 4.7 11.1 7.9 11.8 4.3 4.1 3.0 8.9 6.7 15.3 5.3 12.1 8.0 10.8 2.6 2.9 1.1 1.3 1.3 2.1 2.7 1.9 4.1 1.5 7.1 5.1 2.3 1.6 1.8 1.7 3.1 21.8 15.6 9.9 15.4 15.3 16.7 25.1 14.8 14.5 11.3 13.4 13.6 22.0 9.0 13.7 10.9 16.6 1.7 4.9 3.9 7.3 3.0 3.9 3.5 5.7 6.2 2.3 3.2 4.0 4.1 3.8 3.7 3.7 4.0 5.1 4.2 7.7 8.5 6.0 5.8 5.8 9.0 6.7 8.3 6.8 7.3 4.2 7.9 4.7 6.6 5.8 16.5 11.8 12.7 11.1 10.6 13.0 13.0 14.3 14.5 10.5 11.8 12.5 11.2 11.6 11.3 11 4 11.7 12.6 10.0 12.2 12.0 14.5 12.0 12.2 13.8 12.4 20.3 12.4 13.5 14.6 12.9 10.6 11 9 13.6 10.1 2.9 7.2 3.4 5.1 5.9 5.3 8.1 7.8 12.8 10.0 9.6 9.2 4.8 6.1 5.3 8.4 14.8 20.5 12.2 24.4 18.3 18.1 13.7 14.8 17.6 16.5 13.1 14.5 16.8 15.7 12.9 14.7 15.5 4.3 1.6 5.0 4.3 5.1 3.7 3.0 4.8 9.8 4.5 4.8 5.5 7.3 5.3 4.5 5.0 6.2 8.4 3.8 6.1 7.3 7.2 6.5 7.7 9.0 8.3 6.0 10.3 9.3 10.3 10.7 14.8 12.3 10.5 7.9 3.8 7.7 4.7 6.8 6.1 5.5 6.2 4.7 1.5 4.9 4.7 7 5 4 7 4 7 4 7 5 9 13.7 6.7 10.5 6.0 8.1 9.3 16.2 10.5 9.3 7.5 10.3 9.9 100 90 69 8 1 95 1.1 1.1 0.0 2.1 0.9 1.1 1.0 1.4 1.6 0.8 1.4 1.4 1.0 0.5 1.1 0.7 1.0 5.6 33.5 18.8 16.2 17.0 18.4 16.2 7.6 7.3 11.3 13.8 11.5 7.6 16.9 22.2 19.1 11.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.1 0.2 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.3 0.1 0.2 Statistics are not presented for this group because too few records contained the specific data.

76 APPENDIX TABLE A-3 (continued) Doctorates: Women . Total Women Women as a Percent of Total Doctorates U.S. Citizenship Non-U.S., Permanent Visa Non-U.S., Temporary Visa Unknown Married Not Married Unknown Median Age at Doct.* Percent win Bacc. in Same Field as Doctorate Percent win Masters Median Time Lapse from Bacc. to Doct.* Total Time Yrs Registered Time Postdoctoral Study Plans Fellowship Research Assoc. Traineeship Over Study Planned Employment After Doctorate Educ. Inshtutiont Industry/Business Government Nonprofit Over & Unknown Postdoc. Plans Unknown % Definite Postdoc. Study % Seeking Postdoc. Study Definite Employment Seeking Employment Employment Commitments After Doctorate Primary Activity R & D Teaching Administration Prof. Services Over Secondary Activity R & D Teaching Administration Prof. Services Over No Secondary Activity Activity(ies) Unknown % Region of Employment Alder Doctorate§ New England % Middle Atlantic East No. Central West No. Central Soup Atlantic East So. Central West So. Central Mountain Pacific & Insular U.S. 7 Region Unknown Foreign Region Unknown . _ cc ~ ~5 ~ ~ Total =<, EAn ~E = 16,945 234 605175 231 139 % % 40.0 77.0 7.6 13.1 2.4 % 52.3 39.3 8.5 Yrs 35.4 % % % % % 50.6 74.4 78.7 75.2 12.0 7.8 7.5 6.7 22.9 49.6 13.0 23.9 6.9 21.8 0.9 0.4 2.1 3.4 68.6 41.9 44.4 12.8 10.8 20.9 3.9 2.6 4.3 0.9 5.2 4.7 8.6 8.5 15.8 38.5 7.1 11.1 45.6 26.5 22.9 15.4 7.733 62 % 18.0 44.9 15.9 15.2 3.0 33.5 17.2 11.6 11.1 3.8 19.9 3.0 6.3 9.7 14.7 12.9 14.5 11.3 7.4 3.2 17.5 17.7 4.9 1.6 8.3 3.2 5.8 9.7 12.0 16.1 1.4 3.2 7.0 11.3 0.1 0.0 14.0 28.2 56.4 55.0 15.8 17.5 25.6 24.5 2.1 3.0 45.7 49.8 46.6 42.1 7.7 8.1 30.3 29.3 71.6 39.3 6.8 5.8 46.0 22.3 22.1 0.5 1.0 44.3 12.1 26.9 1.3 0.8 3.1 9.8 32.2 13.7 30.2 14.0 183 60.7 25.7 1.1 7.7 2.2 50.0 30.6 3.2 8.1 6.5 33.9 20.8 9.7 5.5 14.5 19.1 9.7 15.3 1.6 3.3 29.0 33.3 1.6 2.7 7.7 18.6 19.1 4.9 21.3 2.7 3.8 4.9 11.5 1.6 3.8 0.0 21.720.6 66.345.5 9.117.3 21.135.9 3.41.3 52.051.9 41.739.4 6.38.7 33.330.6 45.172.3 74.9 77.9 11.08.0 8.06.2 53.731.2 21.714.7 30.313.4 1.71.7 0.01.3 39.460.2 14.338.5 12.615.2 6.91.7 1.10.4 4.64.3 6.98.7 32.621.2 21.110.0 24.639.0 14.921.2 4390 37.228.9 30.253.3 7.01.1 20.910.0 2.32.2 34.953.3 14.010.0 14.05.6 7.06.7 4.73.3 23.316.7 2.34.4 7.06.7 11.613.3 20.910.0 4.78.9 16.316.7 0.06.7 7.05.6 9.38.9 14.012.2 0.01.1 9.310.0 0.00.0 15.1 55.4 10.1 29.5 5.0 46.8 41.0 12.2 32.3 34.5 88.5 9.6 7.2 15.1 7.2 6.5 0.7 0.7 74.8 36.0 31.7 0.7 2.2 4.3 10.1 8.6 6.5 51.8 23.0 72 50.0 37.5 5.6 0.0 1.4 29.2 18.1 12.5 6.9 2.8 25.0 5.6 6.9 12.5 12.5 4.2 8.3 1.4 12.5 4.2 25.0 1.4 11.1 0.0 ~$ ~v <, ~ ~C ~ _ is ~ ~ ~ ~v, .= ~ Act ~ 319 3.595 V, Z Z ~ L. ~ ~ O ~ C Eve ~ m Om mm :~:u~ 1 384 776 317 2 098 2 415 861 . , , 20.7 12.3 55.1 53.5 15.4 13.9 26.7 29.4 2.8 3.2 49.4 55.5 42.3 37.0 8.3 7.5 30.3 30.8 65.1 74.9 61.3 7.9 8.3 6.3 6.3 42.0 22.4 19.7 7.3 20.1 12.8 0.9 0.8 1.3 1.5 49.0 68.7 19.3 17.4 22.6 41.9 2.2 5.4 0.9 0.6 3.9 3.4 9.0 8.9 29.1 13.9 12.9 8.5 32.5 43.7 16.5 25.0 4S0 48.9 34.2 2.7 8.2 2.7 31.8 9.8 14.2 10.7 3.1 27.1 3.3 7.6 5.9 15.1 18.6 15.3 14.2 5.3 5.0 17.3 13.3 2.9 3.5 5.8 7.1 6.7 5.6 14.7 16.5 1.6 0.6 7.8 9.4 0.0 0.3 82.1 36.6 3 65.8 54.5 16.2 18.2 0.9 4.5 10.6 13.6 5.0 0.0 19.8 15.0 13.3 9.7 5.3 35.4 1.5 39.9 42.6 49.8 68.0 20.5 13.9 27.4 16.9 2.2 1.2 51.4 52.3 42.6 42.6 6.0 5.1 29.8 31.3 26.5 55.5 42.9 7.6 8.7 6.3 6.9 79.5 71.6 47.0 45.2 25.6 18.6 1.3 1.6 5.7 6.1 14.2 23.4 2.8 11.2 8.5 5.4 1.3 2.5 0.3 1.0 1.3 3.2 6.3 5.0 59.9 52.3 19.6 19.3 6.9 13.6 7.3 9.8 22 286 40.6 32.5 4.2 12.9 5.9 27.3 29.0 4.5 15.4 18.2 11.2 4.5 9.8 0.0 3.1 36.4 27.6 9.1 3.8 4.5 7.3 36.4 11.2 4.5 14.7 0.0 5.9 18.2 16.8 0.0 4.9 0.0 8.0 0.0 5.6 18.2 11.9 4.5 1.4 13.6 12.2 0.0 0.0 42.2 65.6 14.7 18.3 1.4 52.2 42.6 5.3 31.0 51.7 42.0 8.5 6.9 72.6 45.4 19.5 1.6 6.1 22.2 10.1 5.8 2.4 0.9 3.0 5.2 53.3 19.3 12.8 9.4 308 41.6 31.5 4.2 13.0 5.5 28.9 14.6 11.7 9.4 2.9 28.2 4.2 7.1 13.0 14.0 5.5 16.9 4.5 7.5 5.2 12.3 1.6 12.3 0.0 65.0 79.7 4.4 13.5 2.4 56.0 34.8 9.2 40.8 55.9 87.3 16.0 8.0 15.6 8.9 4.6 0.2 1.7 75.5 48.5 9.3 5.5 7.7 4.5 8.9 10.7 4.9 52.4 23.1 451 23.9 49.0 13.7 10.0 1.8 39.0 19.3 12.0 16.0 2.7 9.5 1.6 4.9 14.0 14.4 4.9 18.8 5.8 8.4 6.9 12.0 0.4 9.5 0.0 26.4 43 5 48.6 67.5 11.3 12.0 38.2 18.9 1.9 1.7 49.5 52.9 39.8 40.5 10.7 6.7 33.6 32.4 42.0 51.8 84.3 56.6 11.0 9.9 7.0 7.0 31.7 55.3 11.3 33.7 18.5 15.9 0.3 1.1 1.6 4.6 56.4 22.6 16.0 10.7 2.2 5.0 11.9 18.8 12.9 33.2 23.2 38.0 20.4 7.5 3.8 2.6 3.5 6.7 40.0 15.3 24.1 13.9 106 865 50.9 33.5 26 4 40-0 5.7 9.4 5.7 10.5 7.5 3.8 29 2 34 2 . . 19.8 17.7 9.4 1 1.6 12.3 13.2 0.9 2.5 24.5 18.0 3.8 2.8 3.8 5.5 5.7 12.6 1 1.3 13.9 9.4 5.7 18.9 18.2 28 5.0 . 4.7 7.6 0.9 5.5 10.4 1 1.9 0.0 0.8 32.1 13.3 0.0 0.0 NOTE: Field groupings may differ from those in reports published by federal sponsors of the Survey of Earned Doctorates. See inside the back cover for a description of fields as reported in this table. Physical Sclences includes Mathematics and Computer Sciences, as well as Physics/Astronomy, Chemistry, and Earth/Atmospheric/Marine Sciences. Refer also to the explanatory note for this table. *The method of median computation has been revised. See page 62 for more information. Includes 2-year, 4-year, and foreign colleges and universities, medical schools, and elementary/secondary schools. Includes orgy recipients with definite employment plans. Includes only recipients with definite employment plans. See Table A-3 explanatory note for regional definitions.

77 APPENDIX TABLE A-3 (Continued) 9 U B 9 g e - - Z z B ~ ='9 ~ it Zz ~` 9 9 ~ ~ ~ " a" ° ~ §~ mu ~ ~ ~ ~ =~ Om m~ - ~m ~ =~ ~ OF ~ ~ my O== O TO - = 2,207 226 488 218 375 3qS14 9,269 354 614 365 1,211 2,544 4~179 380 554 19 9S3 7.676 an ~ by- ~ ~ ~= ~d ~ ~ = = : 66.1 22.4 53.5 30.3 45.0 51.6 33.0 41.3 60.6 60.3 45.9 49.7 61.7 29.8 47.6 48.7 38.5 53.4 91.5 53.5 77.9 78.9 74.1 84.5 70.9 85.6 88.6 59.2 77.7 78.8 88.9 78.4 78.7 78 3 84 2 3.1 9.7 8.8 6.4 7.7 5.0 10.0 5.1 3.9 20.8 5.9 7.4 2.6 7.1 5.6 6 1 4 6 3.4 35.0 10.9 11.0 14.9 8.1 16.9 7.3 5.9 17.8 13.7 11.5 5.6 12.6 13.4 13.1 8.5 2.0 1.8 2.5 3.7 3.2 2.3 2.2 2.0 1.6 2.2 2.7 2.3 2.9 1.8 2.3 2.5 2.6 49.0 54.0 52.3 49.1 50.7 50.0 51.5 50.6 49.2 52.9 46.7 48.7 56.6 50.5 51.1 50.3 53.2 41.6 39.4 41.0 42.2 37.9 41.0 40.7 43.5 42.7 40.3 44.1 43.1 33.2 42.1 41.7 41 6 37 5 9.3 6.6 6.8 8.7 11.5 9.0 7.9 5.9 8.1 6.8 9.2 8.2 10.1 7.4 7.2 8 2 9 2 33.1 31.7 35.6 33.8 37.8 33.7 32.2 36.0 35.5 34.8 35.4 35.4 44.8 36.7 40.7 39.0 41.3 62.8 60.2 45.9 48.6 16.5 54.5 56.8 50.6 65.1 51.5 50.5 54.2 39.3 36.6 26.9 30.3 43.1 79.9 81.4 91.4 81.2 89.6 82.7 69.3 87.0 88.6 88.8 87.2 87.7 91.5 85.0 93.7 89.5 90.0 9.5 9.2 12.0 10.6 13.3 10.2 9.5 12.0 11.7 11.2 12.3 12.0 20.8 13.0 16.8 15.3 16.9 7.2 6.9 8.7 7.9 7.7 7.4 7.0 8.9 8.3 8.0 8.5 8.5 8.2 7.3 7.9 7.6 8.2 27.5 6.2 13.7 9.2 10.7 21.3 37.7 9.0 5.2 6.8 9.0 7.8 3.4 4.2 4.7 4.7 5.0 18.5 2.7 7.6 4.1 4.0 13.5 21.7 5.6 3.3 3.0 4.8 4.3 1.2 1.8 2.7 2.5 2.4 4.0 2.7 4.1 3.2 4.8 4.0 11.7 1.1 0.7 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.0 0.8 0.4 0 6 1 0 2.8 0.0 0.6 0.0 0.8 1.9 1.4 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.0 0.5 0 3 0 3 2.1 0.9 1.4 1.8 1.1 1.8 2.8 2.3 1.3 2.2 2.7 2.2 0.8 1.6 1.1 1.3 1.3 62.9 88.1 79.1 82.6 78.7 69.7 54.2 83.6 86.8 84.9 81.4 83.5 87.0 87.1 89.0 87.3 85.9 23.4 55.8 52.9 59.2 54.9 35.1 25.6 67.2 71.3 76.2 61.8 66.9 68.4 68.9 58.1 61.7 67.1 14.9 13.3 7.2 5.0 6.7 12.2 14.4 4.0 5.2 2.2 6.3 5.1 5.8 12.1 12.5 12.3 6.4 5.9 7.5 3.9 5.0 2.9 5.4 4.3 1.7 0.5 1.4 0.8 0.9 4.8 1.3 5.1 3.5 3.3 11.7 1.8 5.5 5.0 5.6 9.2 4.7 3.1 0.7 0.8 6.0 3.6 3.9 1.8 6.7 4.7 3.9 7.0 9.7 9.6 8.3 8.5 7.8 5.2 7.6 9.1 4.4 6.5 7.0 4.1 2.9 6.7 5.1 5 2 9.7 5.8 7.2 8.3 10.7 9.1 8.1 7.3 8.0 8.2 9.6 8.7 9.6 8.7 6.3 8.0 9 1 20.5 3.5 8.6 5.0 5.6 15.2 26.8 5.4 2.8 2.7 3.9 3.7 1.8 1.8 2.7 2.6 2.5 6.9 2.7 5.1 4.1 5.1 6.0 10.9 3.7 2.4 4.1 5.1 4.1 1.6 2.4 2.0 2.1 2.5 40.4 64.6 43.6 52.8 50.7 44.3 34.6 52.8 50.2 54.5 49.0 50.6 63.2 63.9 62.5 62.5 58.9 22.5 23.5 35.5 29.8 28.0 25.4 19.6 30.8 36.6 30.4 32.5 32.9 23.8 23.2 26.5 24.8 27.0 892 146 213 115 190 1.556 3~210 187 308 199 593 1,287 2,640 243 346 596 4,523 14.0 50.0 26.3 13.9 23.7 20.2 32.6 5.3 3.6 8.0 8.4 6.8 6.1 25.5 9.5 16.1 7.6 19.5 34.9 49.3 66.1 51.6 32.4 33.0 80.7 82.8 83.9 69.6 76.6 41.2 58.0 55.5 56.4 53.3 4.7 0.0 5.2 8.7 11.6 5.5 5.6 2.7 4.2 1.5 5.7 4.3 35.5 6.6 12.4 10.1 23.2 56.7 6.2 11.7 4.3 7.9 36.0 22.6 3.2 3.9 1.5 7.9 5.3 11.8 4.9 16.8 11.7 9.9 2.7 4.8 2.8 3.5 2.6 3.0 3.4 3.7 1.9 2.0 4.7 3.5 2.3 2.1 3.5 3.2 2.8 26.0 35.6 48.4 54.8 46.3 34.6 32.5 63.6 48.4 57.8 45.7 50.8 23.4 51.4 41.9 45.5 34.1 19.3 26.7 19.2 15.7 19.5 19.7 17.3 4.3 8.1 8.5 14.7 10.6 19.1 25.1 20.5 22.1 17.1 14.8 6.8 8.0 6.1 8.9 11.8 12.2 5.3 10.4 7.5 11.8 9.9 12.9 2.5 9.2 6.4 11.2 9.8 7.5 4.7 2.6 7.9 8.1 10.0 3.2 5.2 4.0 6.6 5.4 16.0 6.6 8.4 7.9 11.9 4.9 2.7 2.3 4.3 3.7 4.2 3.7 2.1 4.2 4.5 6.2 4.9 3.3 2.5 4.0 3.5 3.8 22.9 16.4 12.7 13.0 11.1 18.7 21.5 17.1 20.1 14.6 11.5 14.8 22.2 9.1 13.6 12.1 18.8 2.4 4.1 4.7 3.5 2.6 3.0 2.8 4.3 3.6 3.0 3.5 3.6 3.0 2.9 2.3 2.5 3.1 5.8 6.2 8.9 8.7 10.0 7.0 6.6 7.5 8.1 15.1 7.9 9.0 4.6 8.6 5.8 6.9 6.1 21.5 8.2 13.1 18.3 10.5 17.5 16.0 15.0 17.9 15.1 13.8 15.2 12.8 11.9 17.6 15.3 13.8 14.8 6.8 15.5 17.4 12.6 14.1 14.2 17.6 14.0 13.6 15.7 15.2 14.7 14.0 13.0 13.3 14.7 7.1 4.1 4.7 4.3 4.2 5.9 5.7 7.5 8.4 4.0 8.3 7.5 9.1 8.2 9.5 9.1 8.6 14.7 27.4 16.9 15.7 15.8 16.4 16.7 18.2 15.3 16.6 15.0 15.8 19.9 17.7 13.6 15.3 18.1 4.0 4.1 2.3 3.5 6.3 4.0 4.1 5.3 4.5 4.0 3.4 4.0 6.2 4.9 5.8 5.4 5.5 9.8 8.2 8.5 9.6 7.4 9.1 8.0 4.3 7.5 6.0 7.1 6.6 9.6 9.5 6.6 7.7 8.5 6.6 1.4 5.6 4.3 7.4 5.9 5.9 4.3 3.9 8.0 4.9 5.1 6.2 4.1 6.6 5.5 5.8 11.8 11.6 13.6 11.3 15.3 12.4 13.0 13.4 13.0 12.6 11.5 12.3 11.2 10.7 9.0 9.7 11.3 1.7 1.4 1.4 0.0 0.5 1.3 1.2 2.1 2.9 0.5 1.7 1.9 1.4 0.4 1.7 1.3 1.5 2.1 20.5 8.5 7.0 10.0 6.0 8.6 4.8 4.5 4.5 10.6 7.4 4.1 9.9 10.4 10.4 5.9 0.1 0.0 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.3 0.2 0.1 ~ Statistics are not presented for this group because too few records contained Me specific data. SOURCE: National Research Council, Survey of Earned Doctorates.

78 APPENDIX TABLE AN Statistical Profile of Doctorate Recipients, by Race/Ethnicity and Citizenship, 1996 American Total Indian Asian Black Non-U.S. Non-U.S. Non-U.S. Total* U.S. Perm. Temp. Total Total* U.S. Perm. Temp. Total* U.S. Perm. Temp. TotalNumber 42,415 27,741 3,765 9,610 189 9,821 1,091 2,606 6,093 1,837 1,31S142 364 Male % 60.0 53.0 65.9 77.0 54.5 73.4 56.3 68.5 78.5 50.8 40.7 74.6 78.6 Female 40.0 47.0 34.1 23.0 45.5 26.6 43.7 31.5 21.5 49.2 59.3 25.4 21.4 Doctoral Field Physical Sciences % 15.7 12.4 22.3 22.5 7.4 22.5 16.1 25.2 22.6 6.9 5.2 10.6 11.5 Engineering 14.9 9.3 21.0 28.3 7.9 29.6 24.8 23.9 33.0 6.3 4.5 10.6 11.3 Life Sciences 19.5 18.1 27.0 21.2 16.4 23.9 26.5 29.9 20.9 15.7 10.7 23.2 30.5 Social Sciences 16.1 18.7 10.7 10.5 20.1 9.2 11.6 8.7 9.1 17.8 18.8 19.7 13.7 Humanities 12.1 14.3 9.4 6.8 11.1 4.7 8.3 4.9 3.9 9.3 9.0 8.5 10.7 Education 16.0 21.1 5.2 5.0 31.7 4.8 8.4 3.6 4.6 37.0 44.3 19.0 16.8 Professional/Other 5.8 6.0 4.4 5.8 5.3 5.3 4.1 3.9 6.0 7.1 7.5 8.5 5.5 Median Age at Doct.t Yrs 33.8 34.8 33.6 32.4 38.0 32.7 31.6 33.3 32.4 39.6 40.2 39.6 38.2 Median Time Lapse from Bacc. to Doct.t Total Time Yrs 10.8 11.1 11.4 9.8 12.0 10.3 9.0 11.6 10.0 14.1 15.3 13.5 12.7 Registered Time 7.2 7.3 7.8 6.8 7.2 7.2 7.0 7.9 7.0 7.4 7.7 7.4 6.7 Graduate School Supporti: GI Bill % 1.0 1.5 0.0 0.0 2.1 0.1 0.6 0.0 0.0 1.5 2.1 0.0 0.0 Other Federal§ 11.7 15.6 5.1 4.3 18.5 5.1 24.9 3.6 2.2 13.4 13.7 5.6 16.2 State Government 1.4 2.0 0.7 0.4 6.3 0.6 1.1 0.7 0.4 2.7 3.5 1.4 0.5 Foreign Government 4.2 0.7 3.9 14.7 1.6 5.5 0.8 2.0 7.8 4.4 0.2 6.3 18.1 National Fellow (nonfed.) 5.0 5.8 3.7 3.9 9.5 2.9 6.0 2.9 2.4 9.7 10.0 3.5 11.5 Univ. Teaching Asst. % 52.5 53.2 60.6 53.9 43.4 55.0 51.8 60.8 53.3 36.9 34.8 46.5 42.3 Univ. Research Asst.§ 53.1 48.4 70.8 66.7 41.8 72.2 62.8 78.3 71.6 37.2 32.9 51.4 48.6 Other University 34.7 38.8 32.8 28.1 37.0 27.5 38.0 30.0 24.7 43.2 47.8 37.3 30.8 Business/EmDloyer 11.0 14.7 5.9 3.7 14.3 4.3 12.2 4.6 2.9 10.9 12.7 9.9 5.2 Self/Family Sources 72.2 82.8 57.3 56.6 82.5 57.0 73.3 50.0 57.2 73.9 79.9 79.6 52.2 GSL (Stafford) Loan % 23.1 34.2 7.4 0.2 36.0 3.7 24.4 3.6 0.1 30.8 39.3 33.8 0.0 Other Loans 9.0 12.7 3.7 1.8 19.0 2.0 10.4 1.6 0.8 11.3 13.5 14.8 2.2 Other Sources 3.7 4.0 2.1 4.1 3.2 2.5 3.8 1.2 2.8 5.2 3.6 5.6 11.0 Unknown Sources 7.7 5.1 2.8 5.5 6.9 4.3 4.0 2.2 5.0 8.7 8.9 4.2 7.1 Postdoctoral Plans Postdoctoral Study % 26.1 22.4 35.9 36.1 16.4 37.1 36.2 39.2 36.4 17.3 12.8 25.4 30.2 Planned Employment % 65.1 71.5 59.3 57.3 75.7 57.1 58.2 56.4 57.4 73.3 77.3 69.0 62.9 Educ. Institution 11 36.3 42.8 25.6 26.2 49.2 22.1 23.4 18.9 23.4 49.1 53.8 45.1 35.7 Industry/Business 16.7 14.5 26.1 21.5 9.0 26.8 24.6 30.4 25.8 7.8 8.1 9.2 6.6 Government 4.7 5.2 2.2 4.8 10.1 3.5 4.1 1.9 4.0 7.3 7.3 2.8 9.3 Nonprofit 3.5 4.5 1.8 1.5 4.8 1.6 2.9 1.8 1.2 3.7 3.8 4.2 3.3 Other & Unknown 4.0 4.5 3.7 3.4 2.6 3.1 3.2 3.4 3.0 5.3 4.4 7.7 8.0 Postdoc. Plans Unknown % 8.8 6.1 4.8 6.6 7.9 5.8 5.6 4.4 6.2 9.5 9.9 5.6 6.9 Definite Postdoc. Study % 18.0 16.7 22.8 22.3 11.1 23.3 26.1 25.5 22.0 10.1 8.5 14.8 13.5 Seeking Postdoc. Study 8.0 5.7 13.1 13.8 5.3 13.7 10.1 13.7 14.4 7.2 4.3 10.6 16.8 Definite Employment 43.2 49.6 33.4 34.3 53.4 32.0 36.4 30.5 31.9 48.9 54.3 28.9 39.0 Seeking Employment 21.9 21.9 26.0 23.0 22.2 25.2 21.8 25.9 25.5 24.3 23.0 40.1 23.9 Employment Location After Doctorates18,327 13,749 1,256 3,300 101 3,138 397 796 1,943 899 714 41 142 U.S.% 88.5 97.9 89.7 49.0 99.0 69.9 95.2 90.6 56.2 85.9 98.3 80.5 24.6 Foreign11.4 2.0 10.0 50.8 1.0 29.9 4.5 9.2 43.6 13.8 1.3 19.5 75.4 Unknown 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.0 0.0 NOTE: Field groupings may differ from those in reports published by federal sponsors of the Survey of Earned Doctorates. See inside the back cover for a description of fields as reported in this table. Refer also to the explanatory note about this table in front of Appendix A for a discussion of past changes in the survey question on race/ethnicity. *Includes individuals who did not report their citizenship at time of doctorate. tThe method of median computation has been revised. See page 64 for more information. fin this table a recipient counts once in each source category from which he or she received support. Since students indicate multiple sources of support, the vertical percentages sum to more than [00 percent. (Data on the "primary" source of support for doctorate recipients are presented in the body of the report.) §Because federal support obtained through the university cannot always be determined, no distinction is made between federal and university research assistants in this table. Both types of support are grouped under "University Research Assistant." Federal loans are counted in the categories for loans. Includes 2-Year, 4-year, and foreign colleges and universities, medical schools, and elementary/secondary schools. Includes orgy recipients with definite employment plans.

79 APPENDIX TABLE AN (Continued) Puerto White Rican Mexican American Other Hispanic Unknown Race Non-U.S. Non-U.S. Non-U.S. Non Total* U.S. Perm. Temp. Total Total* U.S. Petm. Temp. Total* U.S. Perm. Temp. Total* U.S. U.S. 27,166 23,856 829 2,392 251 340 2821147 1,032 417144 465 1,779343279 55.453.4 58.4 74.1 45.4 61.2 56.4 63.6 89.4 59.0 49.2 54.9 69.0 69.5 66.2 76.3 44.646.6 41.6 25.9 54.6 38.8 43.6 36.4 10.6 41.0 50.8 45.1 31.0 30.5 33.8 23.7 14.012.7 16.2 25.3 9.2 12.1 9.9 27.3 21.3 13.5 7.7 17.4 17.4 18.2 19.8 18.6 10.28.9 16.5 20.7 8.8 12.4 9.2 18.2 29.8 13.1 9.1 6.9 18.3 17.0 11.1 27.2 18.318.2 19.4 19.2 17.1 14.4 12.8 0.0 27.7 22.7 17.0 23.6 27.7 16.6 19.8 22.6 18.118.8 14.7 12.0 23.9 18.2 19.1 18.2 12.8 20.6 29.0 13.9 15.3 16.1 15.5 16.5 14.814.8 20.1 12.1 15.5 13.5 14.5 18.2 6.4 16.1 14.4 27.8 14.0 11.6 14.3 7.2 18.720.5 7.4 4.6 20.3 23.2 27.7 9.1 0.0 10.4 18.0 8.3 4.1 14.7 14.3 3.9 6.16.1 5.7 6.1 5.2 6.2 6.7 9.1 2.1 3.7 4.8 2.1 3.2 5.7 5.2 3.9 34.334.7 33.9 31.7 34.3 34.9 34.5 35.6 36.2 34.6 35.5 34.7 34.1 33.3 34.7 32.7 10.911.1 10.4 8.4 10.7 10.4 10.3 10.0 11.0 10.6 11.3 10.6 10.0 10.4 11.3 9.0 7.37.3 7.3 6.4 7.7 7.0 7.0 8.1 6.6 6.9 7.5 7.2 6.3 7.0 7.2 6.6 1.31.5 0.0 0.1 2.8 1.5 1.8 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.9 0.0 14.015.0 8.3 5.9 22.3 20.6 21.6 27.3 12.8 16.9 24.9 9.0 12.0 3.8 12.8 6.8 1.71.9 0.8 0.5 2.4 2.4 2.8 0.0 0.0 1.6 2.9 0.0 0.9 0.3 1.5 0.0 3 20 7 7.6 26.1 1.6 10.3 1.4 27.3 59.6 18.1 1.4 8.3 36.1 3.5 0.3 20.8 5 35 3 5.2 5.4 12.4 13.8 16.0 .0.0 4.3 9.1 8.4 8.3 9.9 1.6 2.6 5.0 55.354.8 62.5 59.4 42.6 50.0 49.3 63.6 51.1 53.7 50.1 63.9 54.2 14.0 38.5 33.7 50 148 9 54.5 62.4 40.6 52.6 51.1 54.5 61.7 50.9 48.4 52.1 53.3 15.0 36.2 43.0 37 838 1 39.0 36.2 53.0 48.2 50.4 54.5 34.0 38.9 47.5 43.1 30.1 9.8 28.3 22.9 14 015.1 8.1 4.9 11.2 13.2 13.5 0.0 14.9 9.7 13.9 13.2 4.9 2.3 7.0 4.3 81 284.0 74.4 58.2 78.1 79.1 83.7 72.7 53.2 66.6 78.9 70.1 55.3 16.6 47.8 36.2 30.514.3 13.6 0.4 43.8 33.8 40.1 18.2 0.0 18.5 39.6 16.7 0.4 4.7 21.0 0.4 11.612.5 7.8 4.0 17.1 19.4 22.7 9.1 2.1 9.0 16.3 6.2 3.4 2.6 9.9 2.9 4.24.1 4.0 5.9 4.4 3.2 2.8 0.0 6.4 5.1 4.3 4.2 6.2 1.0 1.5 3.6 4.64.4 3.9 4.0 6.0 2.1 2.5 0.0 0.0 5.2 5.0 4.9 4.5 75.8 43.1 30.5 24.022.4 29.3 38.5 17.1 25.9 26.6 18.2 23.4 27.7 24.9 22.9 32.0 7.2 14.0 26.2 70.472.2 65.4 56.3 75.7 72.1 70.9 81.8 76.6 66.6 68.8 71.5 63.7 15.5 40.2 41.2 41.843.2 39.2 29.8 51.4 47.9 46.8 54.5 53.2 40.5 41.5 47.2 37.8 8.1 23.0 20.1 14.814.7 17.7 15.4 8.4 9.4 8.5 9.1 14.9 13.5 13.4 17.4 12.5 4.3 9.0 12.9 5 15 1 2 5 6.1 4.0 6.2 6.0 9.1 6.4 5.8 6.7 3.5 5.8 1.3 3.2 3.6 4 34 6 1 4 1.5 8.0 4.4 5.0 0.0 2.1 2.9 3.1 1.4 3.2 0.7 2.3 0.7 4.54.6 4.5 3.6 4.0 4.1 4.6 9.1 0.0 3.9 4.1 2.1 4.3 1.2 2.6 3.9 5.65.4 5.3 5.2 7.2 2.1 2.5 0.0 0.0 5.7 6.2 5.6 4.3 77.3 45.8 32.6 17 716.9 17.1 26.0 11.6 18.5 20.9 9.1 6.4 17.9 17.7 13.9 19.6 4.7 10.2 15.4 6 35.5 12.2 12.5 5.6 7.4 5.7 9.1 17.0 9.8 7.2 9.0 12.5 2.5 3.8 10.8 48.750.2 40.4 38.1 54.2 52.9 51.4 63.6 59.6 45.6 47.2 47.9 43.9 10.3 28.0 27.6 21.722.0 25.0 18.2 21.5 19.1 19.5 18.2 17.0 20.9 21.6 23.6 19.8 5.2 12.2 13.6 13,21911,965 335 912 136 180 145 7 28 471 197 69 204 183 96 77 94.097.9 89.6 44.0 99.3 86.1 98.6 85.7 21.4 66.g 98.0 88.4 29.g 66.7 g3.8 33.8 591 9 10.1 55.8 0.0 13.9 1.4 14.3 78.6 32.9 1.5 11.6 70.1 32.8 5.2 66.2 0 10 1 0.3 0.2 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.5 1.0 0.0 SOURCE: National Research Council, Survey of Earned Doctorates.

80 APPENDIX TABLE A-S Sources of Graduate School Support for Doctorate Recipients, by Broad Field and Gender, 1996 Federal N 1,690 Fellow/ V* 7.2 Tra~nee H* 100.0 GI Bill N 302 V 1.3 H 100.0 O~er N 1,117 Federal V 4.8 Supportt H 100.0 State N 340 Goverrunent V 1.4 H 100.0 Poreign N 1,331 Goverrunent V 5.7 Physical Life Social Prof/Other Total Sciences Ene~neenne Sciences Sciences Humarnhes Educabon Fields Men Women Men Women Men Women Men Women Men Women Men Women Men Women Men Women 1,617223105 10.34.58.2 100.013.26.5 107272 0.70.50.2 100.08.91.9 751340107 4.86.98.3 100.030.414.2 2735013 1.71.01.0 100.014.74.8 43921147 2.84.33.7 H lW.0100.015.910.7 Nadonal N 1,0641,063 13864 Fellow V 4.56.8 2.85.0 (nonfed.) H 100.0100.0 13.06.0 Un~versi ~N 13,7248,536 3,8701,055 Teach~ng V 58.554.4 78.782.0 Assistant H 100.0100.0 28.212.4 Un~versi ~N 14,8137 722 4,0061,044 Research V 63.2 i9.2 81.4 81.1 Assistantt H 100.0 100.0 27.0 13.5 Un~versi ~N 6,534 4,608 1,307 403 Fellow V 27.9 29.4 26.6 31.3 H 100.0 100.0 20.0 8.7 O~er N 2,601 2 640 311 95 Un~versi ~V 11.1 i6.8 6.3 7.4 H 100.0 100.0 12.0 3.6 N 2,632 2,031 374 95 V 11.2 12.9 7.6 7.4 H 100.0 100.0 14.2 4.7 518 40.2 4.5 301 Bus~ness/ Employer Own N 14,278 11,511 2,131 EarIiings V 60.9 73.3 43.3 H 100.0 100.0 14.9 Spouse's N 6 839 6,011 1,026 Et;a~ngs V i9.2 H 100.0 Family N 7,610 Support V 32.4 H 100.0 Guaranteed N 5,199 Student Loan V 22.2 (Stafford) H 100.0 Perk~ns Loan N 1,448 (NDSL) V 6.2 H 100.0 O~er N 711 Loans V 3.0 H 100.0 O~er N 816 Sources V 3.5 38.3 100.0 4,731 30.1 100.0 4,595 29.3 100.0 1,332 8.5 100.0 762 4.9 100.0 771 4.9 H 100.0100.0 205110808861 4.015.218.625.5 12.16.847.853.2 3653022 0.70.70.70.7 11.94.79.920.6 28159176185 5.58.24.15.5 25.27.915.824.6 5197754 1.01.21.81.6 15.03.322.619.8 36429315133 7.14.07.33.9 27.36.623.730.3 13655200200 2.67.64.65.9 12.85.218.818.8 2,6133611,8381,507 50.949.942.444.6 19.04.213.417.7 4,235 590 ~3,187 2,336 82.4 81.6 73.4 69.1 28.6 7.6 21.5 30.3 1,131 233 1,213 974 22.0 32.2 27.9 28.8 17.3 5.1 18.6 21.1 345 46 415 410 6.7 6.4 9.6 12.1 13.3 1.7 16.0 15.5 669 82 277 306 13.0 11.3 6.4 9.1 25.4 4.0 10.5 15.1 2,552 338 2,208 1,869 49.7 46.7 50.9 55.3 17.9 2.9 15.5 16.2 1,012 181 1,278 1,075 20.9 23.4 19.7 25.0 29.4 31.8 15.0 5.0 14.8 3.0 18.7 17.9 1,339 288 1,834 186 1,304 912 27.2 22.4 35.7 25.7 30.0 27.0 17.6 6.1 24.1 3.9 17.1 19.3 667 175 535 66 13.6 13.6 10.4 9.1 12.8 3.8 10.3 1.4 128 33 126 15 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.1 8.8 2.5 8.7 1.1 82 18 98 15 1.7 1.4 1.9 2.1 11.5 2.4 13.8 2.0 123 42 119 27 2.5 3.3 2.3 3.7 15.1 5.4 14.6 3.5 861 650 19.8 19.2 16.6 14.1 209 113 4.8 3.3 14.4 8.5 104 95 2.4 2.8 14.6 12.5 150 201 3.5 5.9 18.4 26.1 253 287 8.4 8.9 15.0 17.7 59 44 2.0 1.4 19.5 41.1 139 156 4.6 4.8 12.4 20.8 61 63 2.0 1.9 17.9 23.1 185 61 6.2 1.9 13.9 13.9 228 230 7.6 7.1 21.4 21.6 2,080 2,054 69.4 63.5 1S.2 24.1 1,628 1,845 54.3 57.0 11.0 23.9 1,050 1,078 35.0 33.3 16.1 23.4 504 728 16.8 22.5 19.4 27.6 335 414 11.2 12.8 12.7 20.4 2,268 2,609 75.7 80.6 15.9 22.7 1 052 1 392 35.1 i3.0 15.4 23.2 1,167 1,271 39.0 39.3 15.3 26.9 1,202 1,536 40.1 47.5 23.1 33.4 403 528 13.5 16.3 27.8 39.6 169 288 5.6 8.9 23.8 37.8 133 144 4.4 4.5 16.3 18.7 Unduolicated Totalt 23,454 15,698 4,919 1,287 5,138 723 4,340 3,381 2,996 3,235 2,378 2,382 NOTE: In ~is table a recipient counts once ~n each source category from which he or she received support. S~nce students ~ndicate mulUple sources of support, ~e ver~cal percentazes sum to more ~an 100 percent. (Data on ~e "pnmary" source of support for doctorate recipients are presented 1n ~e body of dle report. ) field groupings may differ from ~ose in reports published by federal sponsors of ~e Survey of Eamed Doctorates. See inside ~e back cover for a descnphon of fields as reported in dlis table. Refer also to ~e explanatory note about ~is table in front of Appendix A. *V denotes ver~cal percentage, H denotes honzontal percentage. "Because federal support obta~ned ~rough a un~vers~ cannot always be determ~ned, no disunchon is made between federal and un~versit~r research assis~cants in dlis table. Bo~ Wpes of support are grouped under "Universi~ Research Assistant." Federal loans are counted in ~e categones for loans. fThe 3,263 Ph.D.s who did not report sources of support are omitted from ~is total. Percentages are based only on known responses. . SOURCE: Nabonal Research Council, Survey of Earned Doctorates. 1551742957 6.57.31.31.5 9.210.81.73.5 3288821 1.30.33.80.6 10.67.529.119.6 948253129 4.03.42.33.4 8.410.94.717.2 24265994 1.01.12.52.5 7.19.517.434.4 129986844 5.44.12.91.2 9.722.35.110.0 2843673191 11.915.41.32.4 26.734.52.98.6 1,8931,9316121,102 79.681.126.429.0 13.822.64.512.9 634608461881 26.725.519.923.1 4.37.93.111.4 1,1381,119304558 47.947.013.114.7 17.424.34.712.1 531559321671 22.323.513.917.6 20.421.212.325.4 253289505698 10.612.121.818.3 9.614.219.234.4 1,952 1,963 2,114 3,492 82.1 82.4 91.4 91.7 13.7 17.1 14.8 30.3 968 965 949 1 741 40.7 40.5 41.0 i5.7 14.2 16.1 13.9 29.0 1,000 949 486 857 42.1 39.8 21.0 22.5 13.1 20.1 6.4 18.1 938 957 639 930 39.4 40.2 27.6 24.4 18.0 20.8 12.3 20.2 345 313 138 256 14.5 13.1 6.0 6.7 23.8 23.5 9.5 19.2 112 129 81 164 4.7 5.4 3.5 4.3 15.8 16.9 11.4 21.5 117 108 70 186 4.9 4.5 3.0 4.9 14.3 14.0 8.6 24.1 2,314 3,806 1,369 17 23 1.2 2.6 1.0 1.4 30 5 2.2 0.6 9.9 4.7 34 33 2.5 3.7 3.0 4.4 18 14 1.3 1.6 5.3 5.1 59 27 4.3 3.1 4.4 6.2 47 56 3.4 6.3 4.4 5.3 818 526 59.8 59.5 6.0 6.2 662 418 48.4 47.3 4.5 5.4 391 243 28.6 27.5 6.0 5.3 174 131 12.7 14.8 6.7 5.0 219 147 16.0 16.6 8.3 7.2 1,053 722 76.9 81.7 7.4 6.3 554 356 40.5 40.3 8.1 5.9 480 268 35.1 30.3 6.3 5.7 357 281 26.1 31.8 6.9 6.1 99 74 7.2 8.4 6.8 5.6 65 53 4.7 6.0 9.1 7.0 104 63 7.6 7.1 12.7 8.2 884

81 U.S. Total* 25,470 16,945 Alabama322212 Alaska1810 Arizona468289 Arkansas7770 California2,8571,911 Colorado469 Connecticut377 Delaware110 Dist. of Columbia 253 Florida941 Georgia540 Hawaii115 Idaho79 Illinois1,382 Indiana705 Iowa464 Kansas273 Ken~cly198 Louisiana307 Maine36 Maryland553 Massachusetts1,366 Michigan946 Minnesota524 Mississippi210 Missouri448 Montana38 Nebraska173 Nevada46 New Hampshire63 New Jersey579 New Mexico199 New York2,177 Norm Carolina603 Norm Dakota46 Ohio1,101 Oklahoma265 Oregon263 Pennsylvania1,314 Puerto Rico28 Rhode Island136 Soup Carolina227 South Dakota41 Tennessee388 Texas1,740 Utah285 Vermont33 Virginia601 Washington413 West Virginia78 Wisconsin543 Wyoming52 APPENDIX TABLE A-6 State of Doctoral Inshtui~on of Doctorate Recipients, by Broad Field and Gender, 1996 Physical Life Social Prof./Other Total Sciences Engineering Sciences Sciences Humanizes Education Fields Men Women Men Women Men Women Men Women Men Women Men Women Men Women Men Women 5,291 1,3845,529 5714 70 84 0 11129 116 84 14 669169 686 29012733 132 2527020 48 623711 37 2123416 37 75215829 159 3709131 140 71227 6 15220 16 88732171 280 41315741 164 2347716 107 1964610 47 143285 26 2065517 28 1270 7 40113032 127 89433793 320 61315959 261 4067624 99 149277 17 2498319 96 23136 3 112276 10 28152 6 34276 10 35014742 150 1114810 46 1,689494138 392 44112246 119 33152 1 73421749 283 156425 58 1776915 39 84723954 321 2951 1 1064122 28 1963813 38 4020 0 2914818 72 96932277 461 1167512 69 2740 6 40612940 142 2789126 94 4181 18 36611428 114 26224 8 776 8 1 14 1 103 19 6 6 21 31 1 40 27 11 2 4 6 1 23 55 34 19 15 l 2 4 28 7 46 18 o 21 8 6 65 o 6 13 11 33 s o 18 12 1 13 1 4,660 3,595 3,300 3,514 2,572 2,544 8353 94 57 43 21 14 465398 7177 8058 99 3437 11982 10681 3514 143 199187 11879 13057 5743 5235 8257 131 147146 222208 171131 121100 40 23 67 52 147 6717 84 1612 88 66 28 15 408308 168150 175 176145 51 33 81 55 183161 10 19 21 59 49 106 6345 321212 4831 128 8970 8573 177 10398 65 2631 11 4347 34 424519 5261 5949 1014 5962 97120 64 68 20 17 10 245182 7995 4141 4441 2335 3438 43 7576 182181 127150 5555 2320 7147 04 2326 65 44 74 62 28 13 340444 6570 68 106147 27 31 26 26 180155 1015 2121 3132 24 5850 172206 4233 611 7088 5740 97 7449 16 119 OO 4832 08 303313 3323 8479 610 4140 5659 5142 2320 21 142141 8989 4133 2922 2214 5136 21 4456 141142 98 82 52 58 14 13 47 26 OO 1214 47 34 80 91 11 15 280325 7564 12 9595 1418 1319 163150 36 24 35 19 19 OO 4437 152127 86 03 3231 3357 74 6966 OO 2,593 4,179 5384 OO 56 99 28 36 187320 3858 2029 1112 2434 261384 5298 710 2410 130206 5365 5764 4164 2843 2437 36 1255 76169 75123 76120 58 74 38 68 85 2540 78 34 17 34 32 47 153339 3482 616 140219 47 43 25 47 123206 87 OO 3063 2729 72118 171265 2923 55 91134 33 62 19 21 41 84 15 10 1,525 22 o 37 3 123 16 16 o 24 91 36 2 o 65 45 11 9 19 33 o 18 88 55 45 31 46 o 9 o o 23 6 110 20 o 84 26 10 105 o 3 12 o 31 141 14 o 48 20 o 28 o 953 13 o 25 3 89 19 12 o 17 57 19 2 o 60 17 12 14 7 15 o 13 46 34 30 11 22 o 8 o o 27 4 89 11 o 58 18 9 56 o o 12 49 6 o 25 o 28 o NOTE: Field groupings may differ from those in reports published by federal sponsors of the Survey of Earned Doctorates. See inside the back cover for a description of fields as reported in this table. Refer also to the explanatory note about this table in front of Appendix A. *Includes the 50 states, District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico. SOURCE: National Research Council, Survey of Earned Doctorates.

82 APPENDIX TABLE A-7 Institutions Granting Doctorates, by Major Field, 1996 3 E3 9 -c y o 3 °' 996 g3 3 3 3 E -o C . C C . ~e Total A,< ~ ~,~ 3 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ < ~=^a ~ EVE o ~3 E a TOTALALL INSTITUTIONS* 42,415 1,677 2,148 807 2,043 6,305 5,723 1,324 1,208 3,340 3,474 8571,0133,246 6,772 2,478 ALABAMA53426 20 223787734 25 39 18 5 10 5 137 35 Alabama A&M University81 0 00000 4 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 Auburn University1514 7 0637145 21 19 9 3 1 0 19 6 United States Sports Academy10 0 00000 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 Univ of Alabama-Birmmgham1286 2 0595128 0 8 1 0 0 0 18 0 Univ of Alabama-Huntsv~lle4112 0 252200 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Univ of Alabama-University1973 11 071051 0 12 8 2 9 2 98 29 Univ of South Alabama80 0 00070 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 ALASKA284 0 71180 5 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 Univ of Alaska284 0 71180 5 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 ARIZONA75745 31 29351306813 19 31 59 15 8 57 155 62 Arizona State Univ31711 15 22065203 0 18 25 9 6 22 63 38 Northern Arizona Univ570 0 00060 0 0 0 0 0 4 47 0 Univ of Arizona38334 16 2715654210 19 13 34 6 2 31 45 24 ARKANSAS1475 4 0315114 20 6 1 0 2 6 64 6 Arkansas State Univ30 0 00000 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 U of Arkansas-Fayetteville1175 4 031344 20 6 1 0 2 6 43 6 U of Arkansas-Little Rock200 0 00200 0 0 0 0 0 0 18 0 U of Arkansas-MedSci Campus70 0 00070 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 CALIFORNIA4,768214 269 110245789689125 49 569 374 115 110 391 507 212 Biola Univ220 0 00000 0 12 0 0 0 0 10 0 Cal Inst of Integral Studies50 0 00010 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 Cal Inst of Technology16425 29 12962240 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 Cal Sch Prof Psych-Alameda590 0 00000 0 59 0 0 0 0 0 0 Cal Sch Prof Psych-Alhambra460 0 00000 0 46 0 0 0 0 0 0 Cal Sch Prof Psych-Fresno410 0 00000 0 41 0 0 0 0 0 0 Cal Sch Prof Psych-San Diego720 0 00000 0 72 0 0 0 0 0 0 Claremont Graduate School1010 0 07000 0 7 17 3 2 28 29 8 Fielding Institute680 0 00000 0 38 11 0 0 1 1 17 Fuller Theological Seminary380 0 00000 0 22 7 0 0 3 0 6 Golden Gate Baptist Theol Sem50 0 00000 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 4 Graduate Theological Union230 0 00000 0 3 0 0 0 13 0 7 Hebrew Union College30 0 00000 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 0 La Sierra Univ50 0 00000 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 Loma Linda Univ80 0 00080 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Naval Posteraduate School91 0 23300 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pacific Grad Sch of Psych340 0 00000 0 30 0 0 0 4 0 0 Pepperdine Univ260 0 00000 0 0 0 0 0 0 26 0 Rand Grad Sch Policy Studies60 0 00000 0 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 Research Inst of Scripps Clinic150 8 00070 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 San Diego State Univ280 0 00332 0 16 0 0 0 0 4 0 Saybrook Institute220 0 00000 0 21 1 0 0 0 0 0 School of Theology at Claremont50 0 00000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 Stanford Univ56534 33 2034193561 3 13 50 16 6 47 32 27 U.S. InternationalUniv560 0 00100 0 21 1 0 0 0 10 23 Univ of California-Berkeley76834 62 135018210838 15 19 76 22 25 62 34 28 Univ of California-Davis39715 26 321761477 25 8 22 6 13 14 14 0 Univ of California-Irvine1839 17 12027360 0 12 22 6 6 21 0 6 Univ of Calif-Los Angeles60624 24 1146648631 1 28 56 32 21 82 73 27 Un~v of Calif-Riverside969 4 160220 4 7 13 9 9 5 7 0 Univ of Calif-San Diego23819 20 171440670 0 10 13 7 6 19 0 6 Univ of Calif-San Francisco900 9 0014825 0 1 6 0 0 0 0 0 Univ of Calif-Santa Barbara22122 12 111251151 0 11 32 4 9 23 15 3 UnivofCalif-SantaCruz9213 9 1157200 1 5 6 5 4 6 0 0 Univ of La Verne520 0 00000 0 0 0 0 0 0 52 0 Univ of the Pacific170 0 00002 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 Univ of San Diego140 0 00004 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 Univ of San Francisco890 0 00000 0 0 0 0 0 0 89 0 Univ of Santa Clara10 0 00100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Univ of Southern California4459 16 818784114 0 30 32 5 9 61 79 45 Wright Institute, The330 0 00000 0 33 0 0 0 0 0 0 COLORADO75937 48 41341519131 26 46 67 3 10 43 96 35 Colorado School of Mines531 3 1122800 0 0 ~0 0 0 0 0 Colorado State Univ1969 18 15843403 26 9 10 0 0 0 13 2 Univ of Colorado36824 25 1522784724 0 16 36 3 6 28 23 21 Univ of Denver753 2 00230 0 16 12 0 4 9 12 12 Univ of Northern Colorado670 0 02014 0 5 1 0 0 6 48 0 CONNECTICUT62919 31 9315311715 6 45 63 39 15 109 49 28 Univ of Connecticut2396 14 2938436 3 26 13 6 7 10 48 8 Univ of Hartford20 0 00000 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 Univ of New Haven90 0 00000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 Wesleyan Univ131 3 02150 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 Yale Oniv36612 14 72014699 3 19 50 33 8 97 0 11 DELAWARE1727 15 17943130 5 7 17 7 5 4 23 0 Univ of Delaware1577 15 17943130 5 7 17 7 5 4 8 0 Wilmington College150 0 00000 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 NOTE: Field groupings may differ from those in reports published by federal sponsors of the Survey of Earned Doctorates. See inside the back cover for a description of fields as reported in this table. Refer also to the explanatory note about this table in front of Appendix A. *Includes the 50 states, District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico.

83 APPENDIX TABLE A-7 (Continued) 1996 g g ' Y E YO aya e 9 , as Total 2?,¢ Y m ' :8 c~m m ~ ~ <~ ~i Y t ~ ~ ~ O ~e Y DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA4651120 118 43 63 7 1 45 76 14 562 58 41 American Univ5933 02 0 1 0 0 9 30 1 00 7 3 Catholic Univ of America9572 00 6 0 6 0 10 6 6 130 4 17 GallaudetUniv600 00 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 00 5 0 George Washington Umv16113 115 32 25 0 0 12 11 4 47 37 9 Georgetown Unto7307 00 0 28 0 0 0 11 2 025 0 0 Howard Univ7105 01 5 9 1 1 13 18 1 00 5 12 FLORIDA1,6934244 3665 180 121 33 47 143 74 21 3361 645 148 Barry Univ800 00 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 00 3 3 Caribbean C~Adv Stud-Miami600 00 0 0 0 0 6 0 0 00 0 0 Flonda A&M Univ400 00 1 3 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 Flonda Atlantic Univ5220 05 16 2 0 0 5 0 0 00 16 6 Flonda Inst of Technology2902 38 11 2 0 0 0 0 0 00 3 0 Flonda International Unto7400 02 3 5 0 1 12 3 0 00 33 15 Flonda State Univ280146 1211 6 13 2 1 26 27 15 1537 53 42 Nova Southeastern Univ42000 016 0 1 0 0 22 2 0 00 333 46 Univ of Central Florida7620 05 25 0 0 0 5 0 0 00 33 6 Univ of Flonda4182229 312 76 61 25 44 25 33 5 68 46 23 Univ of Miami11511 91 17 19 1 1 22 5 1 113 23 0 Univ of Sarasota7100 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 69 2 Univ of South Florida14016 95 25 15 5 0 19 3 0 113 33 5 GEORGIA9102940 845 171 135 22 30 87 45 14 2752 150 55 Clark Atlanta Univ2200 00 0 3 0 0 0 11 0 01 6 1 Emo~yUniv143214 04 0 30 2 0 17 14 8 938 3 2 Georgia Inst of Technology252153 334 167 9 0 0 10 1 1 00 0 9 Georgia Sou~ernUniv400 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 4 0 Georgia State Univ12862 01 0 10 7 0 23 6 4 60 49 14 Inst of Paper Sci & Tech502 00 2 0 0 1 0 0 0 00 0 0 Medical College of Georgia1300 00 0 12 1 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 Univ of Georgia343619 56 2 71 12 29 37 13 1 1213 88 29 HAWAII18674 162 7 23 10 16 4 33 7 432 17 4 Unix of Hawaii at Manoa18674 162 7 23 10 16 4 33 7 432 17 4 IDAHO94310 27 17 6 1 10 0 1 0 30 34 0 Idaho State Univ1600 05 1 3 1 0 0 0 0 30 3 0 Univ of Idaho78310 22 16 3 0 10 0 1 0 00 31 0 ILLINOIS2,269105115 20152 320 270 68 48 156 271 53 53177 336 125 DePaul Univ1700 01 0 0 0 0 13 0 0 03 0 0 Finch U of Hlth Sci-Chicago Med1200 00 0 9 0 0 3 0 0 00 0 0 Patois lost of Technology8281 025 27 6 0 0 11 0 0 00 0 4 Lanais State Un~v-Normal6200 01 0 6 0 0 0 1 1 35 45 0 Inst for Clinical SocialWork400 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 4 Loyola Univ of Chicago11403 00 0 20 3 0 23 2 3 75 45 3 Lutheran Sch of Theol-Chicago400 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 02 0 2 Northern Illinois Univ10213 24 0 4 0 0 9 6 4 70 62 0 Northwestern Univ3591725 123 91 44 10 0 18 40 4 440 7 35 Roosevelt Univ1900 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 19 0 Rush Univ1710 00 0 8 8 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 Southern Ill Ur~v-Carbondale15665 25 9 15 3 0 17 14 1 511 47 16 Southen~Ill Univ-Edwardsville300 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 3 0 Univ of Chicago3822325 722 1 50 1 0 11 117 27 1357 11 17 Umv of Ill-Ch~cago237719 213 44 37 34 0 13 28 3 66 15 10 Univ of Ill-Urbana/Champaign6994234 658 148 71 9 48 38 63 10 848 82 34 INDIANA1,1184774 1166 191 132 24 41 75 99 32 29117 118 62 Ball State Univ4800 00 0 1 1 0 12 0 0 210 22 0 Indiana State Univ2000 00 0 2 0 1 6 0 0 00 11 0 Indiana Univ-Bloomin~ton4071823 219 1 50 4 0 26 51 23 1575 64 36 Indiana Univ Sch of Medicine600 00 0 0 6 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 Purdue Univ5072142 936 158 64 12 40 24 28 0 920 21 23 Urn of Notre Dame13089 011 32 15 1 0 7 20 9 312 0 3 IOWA6981945 524 118 119 29 39 35 47 12 1052 121 23 Drake Un~v1900 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 19 0 Iowa State Univ2871226 27 62 50 6 39 16 25 1 11 32 7 Maharishi International Univ200 00 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 00 0 0 Univ of Iowa377719 317 51 68 23 0 18 22 11 951 62 16 Univ of Northern Iowa1300 00 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 8 0 KANSAS4691225 316 49 50 11 39 53 32 9 1131 105 23 Kansas State Univ18146 012 18 17 1 39 12 13 1 01 52 5 Univ of Kansas262818 31 15 33 8 0 40 19 8 1130 50 18 Wichita State Univ2601 03 16 0 2 0 1 0 0 00 3 0 KENTUCKY341513 312 30 50 12 25 41 17 7 524 71 26 Southern Bapt Theol Seminary2200 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 012 1 9 Spaldine Un~v1400 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 14 0 {Jniv oEKentuckv236512 39 21 39 12 25 21 14 7 57 39 17 Univ of Louisville6901 03 9 11 0 0 20 3 0 05 17 0 . . .

84 APPENDIX TABLE A-7 (Continued) Ha y e O a a ear Tg96 ~< e Ale ~ `~ e A,,, I,,, ~ 0`,~, == id,: of ~ 88 LOUISIANA513 721 7373481 34 243339 14 20536148 Grambling St Univ8 00 0000 0 000 0 0080 Louisiana St U & A&M College238 613 7121731 10 241614 9 11282614 Louisiana StUMed-New Orleans29 00 00018 11 000 0 0000 Louisiana St U Med-Shreveport9 00 0009 0 000 0 0000 Louisiana Tech Univ12 00 0020 0 000 0 00010 New Orleans Bapt Theol Seminary40 00 0000 0 030 1 017217 Northeast Louisiana Univ5 01 0000 4 000 0 0000 Tulane Univ of Louisiana91 13 09822 9 0715 4 2704 Univ of New Orleans49 04 0000 0 0710 0 00253 Univ of Southwestern Louisiana32 00 01671 0 000 0 7100 MAINE48 31 0388 0 670 3 0090 Univ of Maine48 31 0388 0 670 3 0090 MARYLAND954 6728 1453150183 94 1642109 14 16706731 Baltimore Hebrew Univ2 00 0000 0 002 0 0000 Johns Hopkins Univ319 1610 095785 68 1341 8 71130 LoyolaCollegein Maryland5 00 0000 0 050 0 0000 Morgan State Univ3 00 0000 0 000 0 0030 Peabody Inst of Johns Hopkins13 00 0000 0 000 0 01300 Uniformed Serv U of Hltfi Sci16 00 00014 0 020 0 0000 U of Maryland-Baltimore County58 45 0101014 0 047 0 0400 U of Maryland-College Park463 4711 13348331 5 152858 6 9416121 U of Maryland-Eastern Shore3 00 1002 0 000 0 0000 U of Maryland Sch of Med72 02 00037 21 001 0 01010 MASSACHUSETTS2 260 126130 40134375363 57 10112251 58 37188245134 American Internatl College9 00 0000 0 000 0 0090 Boston College110 210 0005 6 01619 6 272710 Boston Univ300 107 1201255 18 02927 5 7444421 Brandeis Univ82 311 09016 0 0321 3 51001 Clark Univ34 13 1012 0 0517 1 0120 Harvard Univ527 2623 42010118 26 1962 32 9797632 Mass Coll Pharm& Health Sci1 01 0000 0 000 0 0000 Mass Inst of Technology553 4132 284923471 1 0452 2 010029 New England Conserv of Music2 00 0000 0 000 0 0200 Northeastern Univ78 99 07246 0 0713 0 1020 Simmons College5 00 0000 0 000 0 0005 Smith College8 00 0000 0 000 0 0008 SDnnefield College3 00 0000 0 000 0 0030 l~ufts1Jniv95 46 031046 0 0317 0 2301 Univ of Mass-Amherst338 2011 2205626 4 92719 9 11326626 Univ of Mass-Boston19 00 3003 0 094 0 0000 Univ of Mass-Lowell74 1017 15184 2 000 0 00161 Univ of Mass-Worcester9 00 0009 0 000 0 0000 Worcester Polytechnic Inst13 00 01102 0 000 0 0000 MICHIGAN1,559 5580 2162295199 41 62149128 21 3412519889 Andrews Univ36 00 0000 0 090 0 04149 Central Michigan Univ2 00 0000 0 020 0 0000 Eastern Michigan Univ4 00 0000 0 000 0 0040 Michigan State Univ479 2032 1294065 1 564442 5 18266931 Michigan Technological Univ42 53 10212 0 501 0 0301 Oakland Univ11 20 0160 0 000 0 0011 Univ of Detroit Mercy20 00 0010 0 0190 0 0000 Univ of Michigan685 2430 182218977 31 04167 16 16883234 Wayne State Univ225 215 083855 9 12414 0 04469 Western Michigan Univ55 20 1200 0 0104 0 00324 MINNESOTA930 2233 441118127 55 395555 20 187219675 Luther Seminary5 00 0000 0 000 0 0203 Mayo Graduate School26 00 00026 0 000 0 0000 Un~v of Minnesota-Minneapolis724 2233 441118101 39 394454 20 185910725 Univ of St. Thomas25 00 0000 0 000 0 00250 Walden Univ150 00 0000 16 0111 0 0116447 MISSISSIPPI359 820 241832 11 203310 3 101413242 Delta State Univ4 00 0000 0 000 0 0040 Jackson State Univ14 00 1000 0 000 0 00121 MississippiState Univ109 08 02128 1 2016 2 003415 Reformed Theological Seminary4 00 0000 0 001 0 0003 Univ of Mississippi85 63 0165 8 043 1 322617 U of Mississinpi-Med Center16 00 00015 1 000 0 0000 Univ of Southern Mississippi127 29 1104 1 0280 0 712566 MISSOURI697 2037 153011180 12 276454 10 174610668 Concordia Seminary2 00 0000 0 000 0 0101 Midwest Bapt Theol Seminary25 00 0000 0 000 0 09016 St. Louis Univ120 00 31011 7 0212 0 6113820 U of Missouri-Columbia243 410 183022 1 272619 5 984924 U of Missouri-Kansas City40 02 2703 1 0101 0 0680 U of Missouri-Rolla64 410 31451 0 000 0 0000 U of Missouri-St. Louis25 04 0002 1 053 0 00100 Washington University178 1211 6133641 2 0229 5 21117 - NOTE: Field groupings may differ from those in reports published by federal sponsors of ~e SuIvey of Earned Doctorates. See inside ~e back cover for a description of fields as reported in this table. Refer also to the explanatory note about this table in front of Appendix A.

85 APPENDIX TABLE A-7 (Continued) 1996 g0 g - - Ye Yg Total ~ ~ ~ I Y ~ ~ ~ e .,, =. ~. y S Hi,, y ., y , ~ A MONTANA616 6 164 16 0 5 4 0 000 13 0 Montana State Univ446 5 054 12 0 3 0 0 000 9 0 Univ of Montana170 1 110 4 0 2 4 0 000 4 0 NEBRASKA2858 12 11211 39 7 38 29 20 01610 65 17 CreightonUniv30 0 000 3 0 0 0 0 000 0 0 Univ of Nebraska-Lincoln2618 12 11211 21 3 38 29 20 0169 64 17 Univ of Nebraska-Med Center200 0 000 15 4 0 0 0 001 0 0 Univ of Nebraska-Omaha10 0 000 0 0 0 0 0 000 1 0 NEVADA742 6 908 12 0 0 6 5 272 15 0 Univ of Nevada-Las Vegas181 0 002 1 0 0 0 0 140 9 0 Univ of Nevada-Reno561 6 906 11 0 0 6 5 132 6 0 NEW HAMPSHIRE978 15 6414 26 0 2 6 2 142 7 0 Daranou~ College464 7 3310 19 0 0 0 0 000 0 0 Univ of New Hampshire514 8 314 7 0 2 6 2 142 7 0 NEW JERSEY92962 43 1965178 137 4 13 55 81 3032109 51 50 Drew Univ200 0 000 0 0 0 2 0 0211 0 5 Fairleigh Dickinson Univ140 0 000 0 0 0 14 0 000 0 0 New Jersey Inst of Technology400 0 2830 0 0 0 0 0 000 0 0 Princeton Theol Seminary160 0 000 0 0 0 0 0 108 0 7 Princeton Univ28740 17 52052 29 0 0 4 41 141051 0 4 Rutgers St U-New Brunswick39517 22 122873 61 3 12 12 31 152039 31 19 Rutgers St U-Newark400 3 000 11 1 1 1 9 000 0 14 Seton Hall Univ430 1 000 1 0 0 21 0 000 20 0 Stevens Inst of Technology395 0 0923 0 0 0 1 0 000 0 1 Univ of Med & Dent of NJ350 0 000 35 0 0 0 0 000 0 0 NEW MEXICO31020 17 13853 30 4 9 22 19 5615 79 10 New Mexico Inst of Mining & Tech131 2 505 0 0 0 0 0 000 0 0 New Mexico State Univ807 3 0423 6 0 9 5 1 000 16 6 Univ of New Mexico21712 12 8425 24 4 0 17 18 5615 63 4 NEW YORK3,866 177 195 53 207 438 566 79 71 402 382 73 125 407 492 199 Adelphi Univ49 0 0 0 1 0 0 12 0 30 0 0 0 0 0 6 Albany Medical College12 0 0 0 0 0 12 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Alfred Univ9 0 0 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 City U of NY-Grad Sch/U Ctr302 17 14 3 25 15 33 5 0 50 46 7 20 46 2 19 Clarkson Univ22 2 3 0 1 14 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Columbia Univ429 20 24 16 22 45 59 18 0 32 52 24 11 71 11 24 Columbia U-Teachers College193 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 193 0 Cornell Univ516 34 36 4 27 91 90 3 67 10 60 13 14 46 6 15 Cornell Univ Medical Campus43 0 0 0 0 0 43 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Fordham Univ110 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 32 7 0 3 12 45 7 Hofstra Univ52 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 34 0 0 0 0 18 0 Jewish Theol Semof America6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 3 1 1 Juilliard School, The5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 Long Island U-Brooklyn Campus18 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 18 0 0 0 0 0 0 Manhattan School of Music15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 0 New Schoolfor Social Research45 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 23 0 0 2 0 0 New York Medical College15 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 New York Univ350 11 6 1 23 0 40 18 0 34 24 8 18 70 59 38 Pace Univ4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 Polytechnic Univ59 1 10 0 7 41 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Rensselaer Polytechnic Inst145 9 18 4 17 85 1 0 0 0 2 0 0 3 0 6 Rockefeller Univ25 1 1 0 0 0 23 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 St. John's Univ-Queens41 0 0 0 0 0 4 2 0 25 0 0 3 0 7 0 State Univ of NY-Albany172 11 5 6 10 0 13 4 0 25 30 0 2 14 33 19 State Univ of NY-Binghamton Univ80 0 9 2 6 16 5 0 0 5 18 2 7 8 1 1 State Univ of NY-Buffalo349 5 26 1 14 57 49 9 0 24 30 5 23 20 69 17 State Univ of NY-Stony Brook263 26 14 12 28 18 49 0 0 26 28 6 16 39 1 0 SUNY Coll-EnvirnSci & Forestry15 0 3 1 0 0 5 1 4 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 SUNY Colleeeof Optometry1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 SUNY-HI Sci Ctr-Brooklyn16 0 0 0 0 0 16 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 SUNY-Hlth Sci Ctr-Syracuse7 0 0 0 0 0 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 SYracuse Univ172 5 7 0 15 21 9 3 0 13 28 1 2 13 32 23 Onion College1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Union TheoPogical Seminary8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 Univ of Rochester259 35 19 3 11 26 51 2 0 9 33 5 6 40 14 5 Yeshiva Univ21 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 1 0 0 0 5 Yeshiva U-EinsteinColl of Med37 0 0 0 0 0 36 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 NORTH CAROLINA1,044 31 57 26 54 137 218 53 47 48 87 20 41 78 116 31 Duke Univ231 10 17 8 14 23 59 1 1 10 25 8 13 33 0 9 East Carolina U-Sch of Med20 0 0 0 0 0 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 0 Norm Carolina St U-Ralei~h328 12 8 8 20 109 45 7 46 10 11 0 0 0 49 3 U of N Carolina-Chapel~ll364 9 26 10 20 5 83 41 0 20 41 12 23 36 20 18 U of N Carolina-Greensboro78 0 0 0 0 0 3 4 0 8 10 0 5 9 38 1 Wake Forest Univ23 0 6 0 0 0 17 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 NORTH DAKOTA79 1 10 3 3 1 8 0 14 14 0 1 1 1 22 0 North Dakota State Univ33 1 6 1 3 1 7 0 14 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Univ of North Dakota46 0 4 2 0 0 1 0 0 14 0 1 1 1 22 0

86 APPENDIX TABLE A-7 (Continued) OHIO Air Force Inst of Technology Bowline Green State Univ Case Western Reserve Univ Cleveland State Univ Hebrew Union College Kent State Univ Medical College of Ohio-Toledo Miami Univ Ohio State Univ Ohio Univ Univ of Akron Univ of Cincinnati Univ of Dayton Univ of Toledo Wright State Univ Youngstown State Univ OKLAHOMA Oklahoma State Univ Univ of Oklahoma Univ of Tulsa OREGON Oregon Graduate Inst of Sci & Tech 34 Oregon Health Sciences Univ Oregon State Univ Portland State Univ Univ of Oregon PENNSYLVANIA Bun Mawr College Carne~ie-Mellon {Jniv DrexeT Univ Duquesne Univ Hahnemann Univ Indiana Univ of Pennsylvania Lehigh Univ Med College of Pennsylvania Pennsylvania State Un~v Phila Coll of Pharm & Sci Temple Univ Thomas Jefferson Univ Univ of Pennsylvania Univ of Pittsburgh Villanova Univ Westminster Theol Seminary Widener Univ PUERTO RICO Caribbean Ctr for Adv Studies Inter Amer U Pit-Metro Campus Univ of Puerto Rico Univ of Puerto Rico-Mayaguez RHODE ISLAND Brown Univ Providence College Salve Regina Un~v Univ of Rhode Island SOUTH CAROLINA Clemson Univ Medical Univ of Soup Carolina South Carolina State Univ Univ of South Carolina SOUTH DAKOTA S Dakota Sch of Mines & Tech South Dakota State Univ Univ of South Dakota TENNESSEE East Tennessee State Univ Geo Peabody Coll for Teachers Meharry Medical College M id-America B apt Theo l S em Middle Tennessee State Univ Tennessee State Univ Tennessee Technological Univ Univ of Memphis Univ of Tennessee-Knoxville Univ of Tennessee-Memphis Vanderbilt Univ NOTE: Field groupings may differ from those in reports published by federal sponsors of the Survey of Earned Doctorates. See inside the back cover for a description of fields as reported in this table. Refer also to the explanatory note about this table in front on Appendix A. T996 As, ~hi 5 5 2 2 ad IS Y y c 5 Aid ~ ~ ~ ~O5 ·co 1,835 68 31 3 90 0 174 8 39 0 1 0 139 12 24 0 44 0 708 29 132 4 131 8 225 4 18 0 69 0 8 0 2 0 421 6 207 3 182 3 32 0 440 21 1 20 0 205 11 35 0 146 9 2,161 68 21 0 192 8 51 1 34 0 23 0 44 0 92 4 10 0 527 11 10 0 283 8 28 0 452 18 356 18 1 0 11 0 26 0 57 2 18 0 9 0 26 2 4 0 242 15 156 12 1 0 3 0 82 3 423 117 24 15 267 81 1 17 63 679 19 7 14 33 9 113 273 23 145 120 21 O O 2 0 12 0 7 0 O O 5 3 O O 4 3 27 13 6 0 28 0 18 2 O O 11 0 O O O O 14 12 4 3 10 7 0 2 17 21 0 4 O O 10 13 0 2 7 2 106 18 O O 8 0 5 0 3 1 O O O O 3 2 O O 24 12 3 0 7 0 O O 34 1 18 2 1 0 O O O O 1 3 O O O O 1 0 0 3 16 4 o o 12 10 8 o o 2 3 23 1 10 0 2 O O 2 11 0 2 O O 0 2 O O 12 29 O O O O O O O O 0 1 O O O O 0 8 8 16 O O 4 4 11 1 o o 10 o o o o o o o o o o o 2 3 o o 57 304222 0 280 6 02 3 5239 1 75 O OO 2 08 0 022 0 03 39 11183 4 710 0 274 0 5333 0 120 1 76 1 07 O OO 15 6645 7 2013 5 3128 3 154 25 4564 6 194 0 014 9 2434 1 20 9 012 101 386253 0 02 30 9111 1 236 O 01 0 010 O OO 5 466 0 010 21 14458 0 04 6 122 0 028 25 4564 13 3631 O OO O OO O OO 0 11 O OO O OO O 01 0 10 22 3432 18 2019 O OO O OO 4 1413 14 5165 7 4219 0 022 O OO 7 924 0 110 0 10 0 07 0 03 20 8387 O OO O OO 0 07 O OO O OO O OO 0 90 5 44 7 4426 0 022 8 2628 140 o 20 7 o o 18 o 10 32 7 23 15 o 8 o o 32 15 11 6 51 13 O O O O 51 1 O O 0 12 64 35 O O O O 12 0 O O O O 2 0 2 0 O O 26 34 1 0 1 0 15 1 O O 5 0 O O O O 9 30 2 30 7 0 O O 21 o s 11 o s 74 o o o 2 1 o o o 8 3 s o 12 38 o o 5 o o o o o 4 o o o 4 113 36 45109359142 O O OOOO 10 3 5181014 6 6 53120 4 0 00510 O O 0100 8 2 754621 O O OOOO 5 2 51110 61 12 74614939 1 4 474730 8 3 00290 10 1 927298 0 0 0060 0 3 31240 O O OOOO 0 0 0020 26 4 15139044 12 1 916225 14 3 4122819 0 0 2000 39 3 10197219 O O OOOO 1 0 0000 12 0 00272 12 0 00117 14 3 10193410 17138197 44 60209329161 040 0 11202 0616 9 0607 001 0 00014 040 0 31406 0120 0 0000 005 0 186150 071 2 40102 OOO O OOOO 172530 5 133710220 OOO O OOOO 04721 8 8428721 OOO O OOOO 0990 16 6563145 02433 4 7316338 OOO O OOOO 000 0 0506 000 0 00210 0250 1 08150 0170 0 0100 OOO O O090 080 1 0760 OOO O OOOO 41923 8 84304 0222 6 44100 OO0 1 0000 O01 1 0100 4170 0 4104 33 102043 6 11219319 0 10014 0 0094 O OOO O OOOO 0 000 0 00150 33 02029 6 11216915 1 542 0 00560 O OOO O OOOO 1 502 0 0000 0 040 0 00560 16 55652 14 204719043 0 000 0 00190 0 000 0 00400 O OOO O OOOO 0 000 0 0102 0 005 0 1160 0 000 0 00321 O OOO O OOOO 2 0193 4 074411 11 52529 4 12144227 1 000 0 0000 2 01215 6 72472 109 o 18 3 l o 1 46 7 o 27 o 1 o o 13 1 12 o 19 o o o o 19 209 12 6 o 14 o 6 o o 37 o 42 o 56 31 o s o 8 1 o 7 o 43 41 o 1

87 APPENDIX TABI E A-7 ((~ontin~,erl) _ u e -E ~ ' Y y ' Y°w z B Oz c Y y To t~ ~: [aB a ,~ ,,°, == ~ ~- Y ~ Y Y _ YY ~z Y y TEXAS2,709 93127 69110494356108 69 193 185 32 54193436190 Baylor College of Medicine32 00 000311 0 0 0 0 0000 Baylor Univ40 11 13020 0 0 0 0 211190 Dallas TheologicalSemina~y4 00 00000 0 0 0 0 0202 East Texas State Univ54 00 00000 0 1 0 0 00530 Lamar Univ3 00 00300 0 0 0 0 0000 Rice Univ117 811 81434130 0 7 7 2 5800 St. Mary's Univ4 00 00000 0 3 0 0 0010 Sam Houston State Univ6 00 00000 0 0 6 0 0000 Southern Methodist Univ55 00 052650 0 6 12 0 0100 Southwestern Bapt I"neol Sem60 00 00000 0 1 0 1 033025 Stephen F Austin St Univ2 00 00000 2 0 0 0 0000 Texas A&M Univ-College Station569 1047 29221427010 61 30 46 5 706327 Texas A&M Univ-Kingsville6 00 00000 0 0 0 0 0060 Texas Christian Univ22 23 00000 0 7 0 3 3400 Texas Sou~ern Univ19 00 00000 0 0 0 0 00190 Texas Tech Univ149 410 3426140 6 21 6 1 4122216 Texas Woman's Univ81 00 000323 0 17 9 0 12233 Univ of Dallas5 00 00000 0 1 4 0 0000 Univ of Houston203 313 153285 0 26 12 4 665923 Univ of North Texas183 25 017070 0 29 11 5 10146320 Univ of Nor~Texas-HlthSci Ctr6 00 00060 0 0 0 0 0000 Univ of Texas-Arlington86 65 083740 0 2 1 1 03019 Univ of Texas-Austin744 4628 16291815532 0 26 57 10 169210848 Univ of Texas-Dallas61 74 93812 0 2 13 0 0507 Univ of Texas-E1 Paso2 00 20000 0 0 0 0 0000 U Tex-HlthSci Ctr-Houston99 00 0O06632 0 0 1 0 0000 U Tex-Hlth Sci C~-San Antonio18 30 000141 0 0 0 0 0000 U Tex-Med Branch-Galveston27 00 000252 0 0 0 0 0000 U Tex-Southwestern Med Ctr52 10 005320 0 14 0 0 0000 UTAH401 1542 723745315 11 42 33 3 1105220 Brigham Young Univ84 59 04850 0 20 8 1 02220 Un~v of Utah241 932 716503715 0 13 16 2 181619 Utah State Univ76 11 0316110 11 9 9 0 00141 VERMONT60 04 006200 0 17 0 0 03100 Middlebu~y College4 00 00000 0 0 0 0 0310 Univ of Vennont56 04 006200 0 17 0 0 0090 VIRGINIA1,007 3850 24571608935 35 89 69 19 162822573 College of William & Mary49 54 41000 0 0 0 3 03281 George Mason Univ85 00 216345 0 20 13 0 00175 Old Dominion Univ63 80 571665 0 2 3 0 0029 Presbyterian Sch of Christian Ed2 00 00000 0 0 0 0 0020 Re~entUniv2 00 00000 0 0 0 0 0002 Un~on Theological Semin~ry10 00 00000 0 0 0 0 0208 Univ of Virginia324 2114 513452910 0 34 28 15 1623674 Virginia Comrnonweal~ Univ97 213 0002710 0 17 2 0 001115 Virg~a PolytechInst& StU375 219 82096235 35 16 23 1 009829 WASHINGTON691 3227 26321068928 41 33 64 14 26509528 Gonzaga Univ17 00 00000 0 0 0 0 00161 Seatde~Pacif~c Univ6 00 00000 0 0 0 0 0060 SeatBe Univ23 00 00000 0 0 0 0 00230 Univ of Washington495 2522 2327906825 20 21 41 9 22483816 Washington State Univ150 75 3516213 21 12 23 5 421211 WEST VIRGrNIA119 06 0319193 2 9 7 7 40400 Marshall Univ3 00 00030 0 0 0 0 0000 West Virginia Univ116 06 0319163 2 9 7 7 40400 WISCONSIN909 4344 114412714123 37 40 83 38 197812556 Marquette Univ55 03 001120 0 3 1 2 314115 Med~cal College of Wisconsin16 00 000160 0 0 0 0 0000 Univ of Wisconsin-Madison752 3734 104111211519 37 30 75 36 8609939 Univ of Wisconsin-Milwaukee86 67 13484 0 7 7 0 841512 WYOMING78 17 99990 2 6 1 0 00250 Univ of Wyoming78 17 99990 2 6 1 0 00250

88 APPENDIX TABLE A-7 Institutions Granting Doctorates, by Major Field, 1996 Top 50 Doctorate-Grantine Institutions, 1996 1. Univ of California-Berkeley 768 26. Rutgers State Univ-New Brunswick 395 2. Univ of Wisconsin-Madison 752 27. Unto of Arizona 383 3. Univ of Texas-Austin 744 28. Univ of Chicago 382 4. Univ of Minnesota-Minneapolis 724 29. Univ of Iowa 377 5. Ohio State Univ 708 30. Virginia PolytechInst & State Univ 375 6. Univ of Illinois-Urbana/Champaign 699 31. Un~v of Colorado 368 7. Univ of Michigan 685 32. Yale Univ 366 8. Univ of California-Los Anzeles 606 33. Univ of Norm Carolina-Chapel Hill 364 9. Texas A&M Univ-College Station 569 34. Northwestern Univ 359 10. Stanford Univ 565 35. Univ of Pittsburgh 356 11. Massachusetts Inst of Technology 553 36. New York Univ 350 12. Harvard Univ 527 37. State Univ of New York-Buffalo 349 13. Pennsylvania State Univ 527 38. Univ of Georgia 343 14. Cornell Univ 516 39. Univ of Massachusetts-Amherst 338 15. Purdue Univ 507 40. North Carolina State Univ-Raleigh 328 16. Univ of Washington 495 41. Univ of Virginia 324 17. Michigan State Oniv 479 42. Johns Hopkins Univ 319 18. Univ of Maryland-College Park 463 43. Arizona State Univ 317 19. Univ of Pennsylvania 452 44. City U of NY-Grad Sch/Univ Ctr 302 20. Univ of Southern California 445 45. Boston Univ 300 21. Columbia Univ 429 46. Princeton Univ 287 22. Nova Southeastern Univ 420 47. Iowa State Univ 287 23. Univ of Florida 418 48. Temple Univ 283 24. Indiana Univ-Bloomington 407 49. Florida State Univ 280 25. Univ of California-Davis 397 50. Univ of Tennessee-Knoxville 273 SOURCE: National Research Council, Survey of Earned Doctorates.

Next: Appendix B: Trend Tables, 1986-1996 »
Summary Report 1996: Doctorate Recipients from United States Universities Get This Book
×
MyNAP members save 10% online.
Login or Register to save!
  1. ×

    Welcome to OpenBook!

    You're looking at OpenBook, NAP.edu's online reading room since 1999. Based on feedback from you, our users, we've made some improvements that make it easier than ever to read thousands of publications on our website.

    Do you want to take a quick tour of the OpenBook's features?

    No Thanks Take a Tour »
  2. ×

    Show this book's table of contents, where you can jump to any chapter by name.

    « Back Next »
  3. ×

    ...or use these buttons to go back to the previous chapter or skip to the next one.

    « Back Next »
  4. ×

    Jump up to the previous page or down to the next one. Also, you can type in a page number and press Enter to go directly to that page in the book.

    « Back Next »
  5. ×

    To search the entire text of this book, type in your search term here and press Enter.

    « Back Next »
  6. ×

    Share a link to this book page on your preferred social network or via email.

    « Back Next »
  7. ×

    View our suggested citation for this chapter.

    « Back Next »
  8. ×

    Ready to take your reading offline? Click here to buy this book in print or download it as a free PDF, if available.

    « Back Next »
Stay Connected!